Administration na kwayoyi: hanya. Administration na kwayoyi a hanyoyi daban-daban: abũbuwan amfãni, kuma disadvantages

Warkewa miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jiki iya fada cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Hanyoyi na Drug Administration rate m warkewa sakamako, ta mai tsanani da kuma duration. A wasu lokuta, da yadda da miyagun ƙwayoyi shiga jiki ya dogara da yanayin da ya aikata, kuma haka mu dawo. Akwai da dama na asali hanyoyin domin baka gwamnati na kwayoyi, da kuma kowane daga cikinsu yana da nasa ribobi da fursunoni. Kafin ka gano abin da hanya na gwamnati zaba, kana bukatar ka sani daidai da abin da nau'i na magunguna wanzu.

Babban siffofin kwayoyi

Kafin fassara da hanya na gwamnati da kwayoyi a cikin jiki, kana bukatar ka san abin da irin kwayoyi kada zama, kuma su suna da yawa:

• Solutions - shi ne wani ruwa nau'i na da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Su wakiltar da miyagun ƙwayoyi abu diluted a ruwa, barasa, glycerine ko wasu sauran ƙarfi. Amma yana da daraja ambaton cewa inganci da unspoiled bayani ya zama bayyananne, babu cike da laka laka ko waje barbashi. Su za a iya amfani da biyu ga parenteral da enteral gwamnati.
• Decoctions da infusions - wadannan kudi ana shirya daga shuke-shuke. Amma yana da daraja tuna cewa za su ba su adana na dogon lokaci, ba fiye da 3 days a cikin wani sanyi, tattarã daga hasken rana.
• Allunan - wani m nau'i shirye-shirye wanda ake samu ta hanyar latsa. Amma, suna dauka baki, amma zai iya kuma wani m hanyar bayar da kwayoyi idan sun aka niƙa a cikin wani foda.

• Dragee - shi ne wani iri-iri na m siffofin magani jamiái, aka halitta su daga laminating wani tushe abu a kan granule. Amfani na baka gwamnati.
• Capsules - m nau'i na da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da kwamfutar hannu da aka rufi da wani harsashi na gelatin ko wani abu. A mafi yawan lokuta, da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kewaye a cikin capsules da wani m dandano ko halayyar wari saboda harsashi ƙwarai yuwuwa liyafar da wadannan wajen. Bugu da kari, shi ba ka damar kare abu daga m halaka a cikin narkewa kamar fili.
• Kyandirori - a sashi nau'i na da miyagun ƙwayoyi, wanda a dakin da zazzabi ne a m tsari, amma shi ne narke cikin jikin mutum. Idan muka yi la'akari da gwamnatin medicaments, hanyoyi domin kyandirori emit iri biyu - a rectal da farji.
• Filastar - wani roba nau'i na nufin cewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar jiki zafin jiki ne tausasa da kuma sauƙi bãyukansu a fata. Dace da waje amfani kawai.
• Man shafawa - wajen danko sosai daidaito, da ake amfani da farko don waje aikace-aikace. Dole ne su dauke a cikin abun da ke ciki game da 25% daskararru.

Akwai da dama hanyoyi na gwamnati na kwayoyi, mukalli kowanne daga cikinsu.

Iri enteral

Enteral hanya na gwamnati da kwayoyi da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi m, kuma mai lafiya. Akwai da dama subspecies na hanyoyi: baka, sublingual, rectal.

1. baka gwamnati da miyagun ƙwayoyi, a cikin wasu kalmomi, ingestion - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin sauki hanyoyin, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne mafi sau da yawa wajabta ta da yawa likitoci. Absorption kwayoyi, karbi wannan hanya, shi ne yafi by yadawa a cikin kananan hanji, in rare lokuta - a ciki. Aikace-aikace sakamako ne m bayan 30-40 minti. Wannan shi ne dalilin gaggawa irin wannan hanya ne ba su dace. The gudu da kuma cikawa na sha dogara ne a kan ci abinci, abun da ke ciki da kuma yawa. Saboda haka, idan wani magani sha a kan komai a ciki, da sha da aka inganta rauni kwasfanta, kamar yadda acidity a ciki ne low, amma acid da aka fi tunawa bayan ingestion. Amma akwai wasu kwayoyi, kamar "Alli chloride" wanda shiga jiki bayan ingestion, na iya samar da insoluble alli salts, wanda ya takaita da yiwuwar su sha a cikin jini.

2. Wani sauki da kuma tasiri hanyar enteral gwamnati da kwayoyi - sublingual. A magani aka sanya karkashin harshensa, godiya ga wani babban cibiyar sadarwa na capillaries a cikin mucosa, shi ne narkewar sosai da sauri. A tasirin ne ke faruwa a cikin 'yan mintuna. Wannan hanya na gwamnati ne mafi sau da yawa amfani da ake ji "Nitroglycerin" angina "clonidine" da "Nifedipine" domin kawar da hawan jinni rikicin.

3. A rectal hanya ba a amfani da sau da yawa sosai. M aka yi amfani da idan haƙuri yana da gastrointestinal cuta, ko idan ya sume.

Enteral gwamnati: abũbuwan amfãni, kuma disadvantages

Duk da hanyoyi da miyagun ƙwayoyi gwamnati, suna da abũbuwan amfãni, su ma suna da enteral da:

• Sauki da kuma sauƙi na amfani.
• Naturalness.
• A zumunta aminci ga mãsu haƙuri.
• Yana bukatar wani sterility monitoring da kiwon lafiya.
• The yiwuwar dogon lokacin da far.
• Comfort ga mãsu haƙuri.

Amma akwai kuma rashin enteral hanya na gwamnati da kwayoyi:

• A sakamakon haka ne jinkirin.
• Low bioavailability.
• Daban-daban gudu da kuma cikawa na sha.
• Effect na abinci da sauran aka gyara a kan tsotsa tsari.
• Rashin iyawa don amfani da marasa lafiya a Jihar unconsciousness.
• Shi ne a ke so a yi amfani da marasa lafiya da suke da cututtuka na ciki da kuma hanjinsu.

Siffofin parenteral gwamnati na kwayoyi

A parenteral hanya na gwamnati na kwayoyi ya shafi gwamnati da kwayoyi ba tare da shafe aiwatar da narkewa kamar tsarin. Yana za a iya raba da dama iri.

A masana'anta:

• Intradermally - Wannan hanya da aka kullum amfani ga bincike dalilai, misali domin alerji gwaji ƙona ko don maganin sa barci.
• Sc - yi amfani lokacin da ka so don samun matsakaicin sakamako daga cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Wannan shi ne cimma saboda subcutaneous mai Layer aka bayar da kyau tasoshi, da kuma inganta harkokin m sha.
• Intramuscularly - Ana amfani da lokacin da subcutaneous allura sa hangula ko zafi, kazalika da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kanta ne sannu a hankali tunawa.

• Intraosseous - wannan hanya da ake amfani da infrequently, yafi tare da m konewa da kuma reshe nakasawa a lokacin da wasu zažužžukan ba za a iya amfani.

Idan kana da miyagun kwayoyi gwamnati, tafarkin ta hanyar tasoshin ne kamar haka:

• IV - Wannan hanya da ake amfani da su gabatar da wani babban yawan magunguna da wasu kwayoyi da cewa suna da irin wannan bukata don amfani.

• Intraarterially - nema a m yanayi, wanda aka sa ta a buga, a manyan asarar jini, asphyxia, lantarki, rauni, abin mãye da cututtuka.
• A lymphatic tasoshin - wannan hanya ake amfani da su don magani ba fada cikin hanta da kuma kodan, don samar da wani karin cikakken hits zuwa shafin da cutar fashewa.

Shi ne ba ko da yaushe dace don intravascular gwamnati na kwayoyi, zai iya kai wa hanya da kuma ta hanyar da rami:

• Pleural.
• Ciki.
• Zuciya.
• Articular.

Parenteral gwamnati: ribobi da fursunoni

Parenteral gwamnati yana da abũbuwan amfãni:

• Wannan hanya ya sa ya yiwu don gabatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi ka kewaye da narkewa kamar fili, wanda da matukar muhimmanci ga marasa lafiya da tsanani pathologies daga cikin ciki.
• Gudun mataki ne da ake bukata a cikin gaggawa.
• Matsakaicin dosing daidaito.
• Rasit na da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jini a canzawa form.

A parenteral hanya na gwamnati na medicaments yana da dama disadvantages:

• M miyagun ƙwayoyi ne a gudanar da horar da kiwon lafiya masu sana'a.
• Da ake bukata domin cika da aseptic da antiseptic.
• Wahala da kuma bayar da magunguna ko da ba zai yiwu ba tare da zub da jini, raunuka da fata a allura shafin.

inhalation

Inhaled hanya na gwamnati da kwayoyi za a iya amfani da magani na aerosols, gas (maras tabbas magunguna iri iri) da kuma powders (sodium cromoglycate). Tare da wannan hanya na gwamnati da miyagun ƙwayoyi don samun ciki da sauri da kuma exert su warkewa effects. Bugu da kari, shi sauki ne management wakili maida hankali a cikin jini - da lõkacin fatara daga inhalation take kaiwa zuwa dakatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Tare da inhalation aerosol taro yana nufin a cikin bronchi sosai high tare da kadan na tsari sakamako.

Amma dole ne mu manta cewa komai da inhalation zama tasiri, shi ba ya ba da damar a yi amfani irritants. Ya kamata kuma a haifa tuna cewa inhaled kwayoyi na iya yin tasiri akan sauran (misali, maganin sa barci).

Ribobi da fursunoni na inhalation

Muna ci gaba da la'akari da hanyoyi na Drug Administration. Amfani ko rashin amfani da hanyar da inhalation. inhalation pluses:

• Yana aiki kai tsaye a shafin Pathology.
• Da miyagun ƙwayoyi iya shiga zuwa shafin na kumburi, da hanta wuce sãkẽwa da cewa yana sa ta fi girma maida hankali a cikin jini.

inhalation Fursunoni:

• Idan mai tsanani sosai Bronchial patency, da miyagun ƙwayoyi ratsa talauci a cikin cuta shafin.
• A formulations iya hangula da hanci, baki da kuma makogwaro.

Babban hanya na gwamnati da kwayoyi dauke, amma akwai wasu da suka ma a wasu lokuta zai iya zama ba makawa.

Rectal, ta farji da kuma urethral hanyoyi na gwamnati

Idan muka kwatanta da rectal hanya na gwamnati na kwayoyi ya baka gwamnatin, yana yiwuwa a ce daidai da abin da sakamakon da farko hanya ya auku yawa sauri. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne hanzari tunawa a cikin jini ba tare da an hallakar da a lokaci guda a karkashin mataki na enzymes na narkewa kamar fili da kuma hanta.

Rectal suppositories gudanar a cikin jiki, man shafawa, da kuma wasu siffofin na shirye-shirye, a baya pulverized da kuma diluted, wannan lokaci tare da enemas. Amma yana da daraja ambaton cewa da mafita gabatar rectally, za su qaddamar da yawa fiye da kyandir. Hijira enemas for adult ne 50 zuwa 100 ml, da kuma yara - daga 10 zuwa 30 ml. Amma wannan hanya na Drug Administration akwai kuma disadvantages:

• M aikace-aikace.
• Special kudi da hawa da sauka da cikakken hoto na tsotsa.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa rectal hanya na gwamnati bada shawarar kawai a lokuta inda baka gwamnati ne rikitarwa idan ka bukatar ka buga da miyagun ƙwayoyi da sauri a cikin jini, kuma suka aikata injections suna contraindicated ga wasu dalili ko wata.

Farji da kuma urethral hanyoyin ba da damar gabatar da wani tsari da shirye-shirye. Duk da haka, duka biyu da hanyoyin bayar da mafi kyau da sakamakon a lokacin da amfani domin lura da cututtuka a wadannan gabbai ko ga ganewar asali, ga misali ga gwamnatin bambanci jamiái, kamar "yodamid" "Triombrast" da sauransu.

Kashin baya da kuma intracranial hanya na gwamnati

A sosai rare lokuta amfani intracranial da kuma kashin baya (suboccipital, subarachnoid, subdural, da dai sauransu) allura. Wannan shi ne saboda sun fi mayar da hujjar cewa wadannan hanyoyi don gabatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi kamata kawai cancanta ba. Irin wannan hanyoyin bukatar yin amfani da kawai bakararre, gaba daya m gaskiya mai ruwa-ruwa mafita da tsaka tsaki dauki. A mataki zo da sauri.

Transdermal warkewa tsarin

A cikin 'yan sau akwai kwayoyi a wani sabon tsari. Transdermal warkewa tsarin (TTS) - daya daga cikinsu. Su ne m, sashi form saba na waje aikace-aikace da jinkirin saki da miyagun ƙwayoyi abu. Modern TTC - wannan fim, da kuma faci da aka sanya yin amfani da art fasaha da kuma mai sauqi don amfani: da faci bin a kan fata da kuma film sa kunci. Cikinsa da asali abu da ake tunawa a cikin jini ta cikin fata, ko mucosa.

Mutane da yawa likitoci a duniya, a 'yan shekarun nan fiye da mafi Kula da latest hanya na gwamnati na kwayoyi. Amfani ko rashin amfani da kowa da kowa, gami da kuma TTC. Ka yi la'akari da pluses:

• Medicine yana aiki a wani kara taki.
• Da miyagun ƙwayoyi shiga cikin jini sannu a hankali ba tare da hutu, wanda damar domin barga matakin na da tushe abu.
• M majiyai suna gaba daya cire, wannan kuma ya shafi retching, da kuma zafi daga injections.
• The complete babu illa a kan wani ɓangare na narkewa kamar fili.
• Rage mita na alerji.
• Da yiwuwar m karbo daga cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, a lokacin da ba zato ba tsammani akwai wani contraindication.
• A daidai sashi.
• Damar don nuna bayarwa na magani da ake so sashi na jiki.

Kowace daga cikin bayyana hanyoyi na gwamnati da kwayoyi na da ribobi da fursunoni. Amma komai kyau ya kasance da hanyar, babban abinda cewa ya kamata sanya wani likita, kuma yana da kyawawa da cewa mafi hadaddun da m halaye na gwamnati da za'ayi ta musamman horar da mutum a wani likita makaman. Ki kula da kanki, to ba dole zaton, abin da hanya ya sadar da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jiki.