"Admiral Nakhimov" (jirgin ruwa na soja): modernization

A mafi zamani manyan-iya aiki jiragen ruwa na Rasha Navy a shekara ta 2018 ya zama jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Nakhimov". Haɓaka da shi ya fara a 2014 kuma zai šauki shekaru hudu, bisa ga shirin. Sa'an nan za su zo da nuna wani jirgin - "Petra Velikogo", da flagship na Tarayya Council, wadda aka gina a kan wannan aikin, "Orlan» № 11442. Wadannan Refayawa iya zama a kan wajibi da kai daga su 'yan qasar gaba, samar da wani soja gaban a wani bangare na duniya tekuna. Ƙirƙiri fama sojan ruwa raka'a daidai da Soviet soja rukunan na farko da rabi na 80-ies karni na karshe, suka yi kudin da jihar kasafin kudin na Tarayyar Soviet a cikin wani zagaye Naira Miliyan Xari (akwai aka kaddamar hudu), da kuma a yanzu ya zama dole su yadda ya kamata a jefa cikin gādonsa. Haka ma wajibi ne don kimanta mataki na wadannan iri, daga jirgi da su zai yiwu yadda ya dace a cikin hali na wani makamai rikici.

mai amfani

Daga mai macroeconomic ra'ayi, duk halin kaka ya kamata a dauki daidai da musamman expediency. A jihar, wanda yana da wani yiwuwar kare maslahar su a kan duniya sikelin, an daure su da na gefe ciyayi. Duk da yawa na kasa da kasa da yarjejeniyar, gaban kasa da kasa supranational Tsarin cewa sarrafa kiyaye da kafa dokoki, a lokuta da dama, da karfi sojoji kasashen amfani da iska karfi, sojojin ruwa da kuma ƙasa sojojin, watse kowane rubuta da kuma rasa rubutu dokokin domin tabbatar da yankin dominance. Akwai kwamitin sulhu na MDD ƙuduri - kyau, amma idan aka ba samu, da "babban itace" ne ko da yaushe a shirye. Don} barazanar irin wannan, da kuma a can zama babbar nukiliya submarines matsayin "Admiral Nakhimov". Santa Fe aka tsara don samar da wani iko da rufe dukan rundujar soja masu dawaki yin ayyuka a wata babbar nesa. A soja harshe, wannan ne ake kira "don daidaita". A ainihi, wannan shi ne ainihin sojan ruwa jirgin sadarwa, babu damar samun taimakon domin su m, ko bakin teku sansanonin saboda manyan shafewa da kuma a karkashin barazana daga maƙiya soja ayyuka. Nukiliya makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja "Nahimov Admiral" ya kamata su zama iya bayyana ainihin "laima" kunsha na nufin iska, makami mai linzami, ko wasu anti tsarin dakile hari, kuma idan akwai wani bukatar - buga baya yankunan da duka.

jirgin gine da kuma fasahar "Stealth"

A farkon eighties Soviet soja-masana'antu hadaddun ya ci gaba da masana'antu ya hada da dubban kamfanoni da cibiyoyin bincike. Success na cikin gida da developers na tsaro tsarin don samar da m kudi. A lokacin da samar da sabon model la'akari da mafi yawan 'yan ci gaba a fagen makamai MIC kasashen - m abokan gaba. An misali ne jirgin "Admiral Nakhimov". A jirgin ruwa na soja da aka gina a kan manufa na low ganuwa zuwa radar na jikinsa. Shaci superstructures suna kafa kamar yadda pyramids, kunsha na karkata jirage, a surface bangare yana da wani "hauhawar" dutsen ado da ma dama kusassari. Don fenti aiyuka na musamman technologically m abu saka kome gaya sunan "varnish" da kuma ba ya bambanta daga cikin saba siffar zobe ɗaukar hoto na warships, amma da ciwon muhimmanci musamman fasalin zuwa sha high-mita radiation, minimizing su gani. Masana sun jayayya game da yadda tasiri kokarin bayar da kananan radar sa hannu abu da 250 da mita a tsawon, amma kimiyya aukuwa a wannan filin da darajar a kansu, a cikin ra'ayi na su kara amfani. Lalle ne, don haka manyan jirãge, ba zai iya kawai ganin a kan radar allo, amma kuma da tauraron dan adam, ba a ma maganar da bincike jirgin sama. "Stealth" fasahar yana da abubuwan da yiwu m anti-makami mai linzami shiriya raka'a. "Spot" tsananin haske a allon zama karami, kuma jirgin ruwa na soja iya Project decoys ta lantarki nufin ABM.

modernization damar

A cikin shekaru kusan uku da suka gabata na kusan duk fasaha wajen da kuma jirgin da makamai tsarin ne m, kuma yanzu ne kawai wata babbar jiki, sanye take da iko nukiliya ikon shuka, shi ne m ga rundunar motoci. Duk da haka, da kudin na wannan "dandali" shi ne cewa ya kamata ba za a bari. Wani misali na mai da hankali hali zuwa tsada abu bangare na iya zama da Amurka Navy. All manyan-iya aiki Amurka jiragen ruwa asali gina shan la'akari da yiwu kyautayuwa kabelkanaly wadata da kuma hawa girma suna da za'ayi haka da cewa sauyawa daga wani kayan aiki - a cikin hali na more zamani - ba matsala. Gyara na jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Nakhimov", wanda ƙa'ida ya fara a 1998, da aka jinkirta saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai bukatar wata babbar lamba na zane canje-canje da ake bukata domin wani tasiri na zamani. Tarka "Kalinin" (a karkashin wannan sunan da jirgin da aka gina a shekarar 1983 da kuma bauta har 1993) ba zai iya gamsar da yanayi na cikin teku yaƙi na uku Millennium. sake fasalin kudin aikin da aka samu izini da Arewa Design Ofishin (St. Petersburg), a cikin elaboration tsaya 21 months. A kimanta takardun amounted zuwa kusan 2.8 biliyan rubles. An zaci cewa duka zamanintar da jirgin za su kudin dubun biliyoyin. Nan da nan akwai masu sukar suka ce cewa irin kudi, za ka iya gina 'yan sabon raka'a aji "jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" ko "Corvette", da ciwon a total na fi fama damar. Ra'ayi ne, ba shakka, yana da hakkin ya wanzu, amma hasken aji jiragen ruwa ba su tsara don yin ayyuka ga wanda aka gina "Admiral Nakhimov". Santa Fe yana da wani ya fi girma aiki range, shi ne yawa fiye da hallakarwa, ko BOD, saboda dukan da ta zamani ne ta fuskar tattalin arziki wajaba a kansa.

Game da artist

Mariners - mutane ba kawai jarumi, amma kuma fairly m. Suna nẽman wata hujjar don kauce wa barin tashar jiragen ruwa a kan ta goma sha uku, imani da daban-daban da ãyõyinMu, kuma ba na son da m sunayen. Abin baƙin ciki, a wannan yanayin, akwai dalilin damuwa.

Armoured jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Nakhimov" aka sanya a kan kasa na ƙungiya don kauce wa kama da Japan a 1905, a lokacin yakin Tsushima. Matuƙan yi yãƙi heroically sunk dama maƙiyi hallaka mai tsanani lalace da jirgin ruwa na soja "Iwate" da kuma ba ya kunyatar da daukaka na Rasha sojojin ruwa. "Varyag", wanda aka kashe a irin wannan yanayi, ta m sunan isar da wani zamani jirgin.

Kadan da aka sani shi ne rabo da wani "Nakhimov" - cinikayya steamship jama'a ROPIT cewa nutse a cikin tekun Turkish a 1897 a lokacin iskar tsakuwa.

A 1941, a lokacin da jaruntakar tsaro na Sevastopol, da Luftwaffe aka sunk jirgin "Red Ukraine", baya (kafin yakin basasa), wanda aka kira "Admiral Nakhimov". Santa Fe sunk, ciwon jam'i na ramukan.

A shekarar 1960 ya aka cire daga BSF wani jirgin, qazanta da sunan sanannen sojan ruwa kwamandan. Tarihi ya juya m: makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja ne kawai shekara goma sha biyar, da kuma a can ne jita-jitar cewa an yi amfani da nazarin effects a jiki karkashin ruwa kalaman tasowa daga makaman nukiliya fashewa.

A 1973, sai ya fada wani "Admiral Nakhimov". A auka na bincike jirgin ruwa da ya faru, Abin mamaki, a cikin wurin da girma Rasha sojan ruwa kwamandan sanya daya daga cikin mafi m nasarori - a cikin bay Tsemess. The jirgin ba zato ba tsammani garin kankara da kuma tafi da kasa dama a ginshiƙin gada.

Saboda tsananin raunin da samu a wani karo da submarine aka soke zama a manyan anti-submarine jirgin "Admiral Nakhimov". Santa Fe (Tsushima), bincike jirgin ruwa (misãlin bay), wani jirgin ruwa na soja (Sevastopol), m steamship (arewacin tekun na Turkey), Kazakhstan (kilomita 50 daga kudancin bakin tekun na Crimea), - to wannan martyrology ba zai yiwu ba ba don ƙara daya daga cikin mafi munin Maritime bala'in na duk shipping tarihi. Yana da aka halarta da kaya jirgin "Peter Vasev" da jirgin a lokacin kaddamar da qazanta da sunan "Berlin". A shekarar 1986, biyu manyan jirgin ruwa ba zai iya rasa juna a Novorossiysk Tsemess bay. Bayan lashe kofin "Berlin" An mai suna "Admiral Nakhimov". A bala'i sanadiyar rayukan daruruwan fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin.

Ta yaya za ka yi ĩmãni ba a bad luck bi wani m sunan?

Kuma duk da haka, me ya sa "Nakhimov"?

The sama ba dokoki ne mai ban tausayi aukuwa asirin for manajoji suke da alhakin zabi na jirgin sunan. Kuma idan yanke shawara, duk da irin wannan bakin ciki statistics, har yanzu ya yarda, akwai dalili mai kyau ga wannan. Bugu da kari, a mafi cikakken kuma m bincike, za mu iya cewa da warships suka sa sunan sanannen sojan ruwa kwamandan, mafi yawansu ba su ne ya cancanci a mai kyau memory, kuma su ƙaddara shi ne girman kai na ƙasarsa ta kasar da kuma ta m 'ya'ya maza. Armoured jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Nakhimov" maimaita tare da matukan jirgin feat m "Varyag", a cikin 41st wani jirgin suka yi yaƙi da abokan gaba da karshe harsashi.

Mutuwa ba za a iya kira na bazata ko m, shi ne jaruntaka.

Amma ga sauran biyu lokuta, da janyewa daga cikin rundunar motoci da ya faru ba tare da asarar rayuwa, a karfi majeure yanayi ko da wani umurni.

admiral

Pavel Stepanovich Nahimov tafi duk hanyar da Rasha jami'in, ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jam'iyyar kadet na sojan ruwa makaranta da kuma shan wani jaruntakar mutuwa daga abokan gaba harsasai a kan tsattsauran Sevastopol da admiral ta epaulettes a kan kafadu. A shekaru na goma sha biyar shi ya kasance wani dogon tafiya zuwa tekun na Denmark da kuma Sweden, samun daraja da sammacin jami'in, da aka nada a cikin 2nd sojan ruwa daffo Petersburg tashar jiragen ruwa (1818). A 1822 ya aka bayar da Order of St. Vladimir IV mataki na hannu a cikin circumnavigation. Ya umarce baturi bene a kan jirgin ruwa na soja "Azov" a lokacin yakin Navarino da kuma na almara jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Pallada", kafa wani ɓangare na wani rundujar soja masu dawaki na F. F. Bellinsgauzena. The Black Sea jiragen ruwa ya yi aiki tun 1834, ya umarci jirgin ruwa na soja "Silistra". Ya dauki bangare a gudanar a cikin Caucasus, wanda ya sa aka bayar da Order of St. Vladimir III digiri. A watan Oktoba 1852 ya aka ciyar da su Vice Admiral.

Jaruntakar Sevastopol saga cancanci raba kalmomi. High quality sojan ruwa kwamandan bayyana a cikin ta fi sama-sama. A tunawa da irin wannan mutum ya cancanci samun sunansa sa mafi iko da kuma na zamani makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja. Admiral Nakhimov - Rasha kasa gwarzo.

fara da haɓaka

Bayan amincewa ta karshe da kuma yarda da fasaha takardun da shi shi ne bi da bi na real mataki. Don fara kamata saki jirgin daga dukan consignment na kayan aiki a lokacin write-kashe da kuma zubar. Wannan aiki, ko da yake lokaci-cinyewa, amma alheri. A mahimmin juzu'in da kudin da ayyukansu a kan zamani za a biya diyya ta extracting babban taro na daraja karfe. Nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Nahimov" ya zama wani tushen sakandare albarkatun total nauyi na 878 ton, na wadda 644 - ferrous (iron), aluminum da kuma jan gami (168 m), da kuma alloyed bakin karfe tare da babban carbon ciki (66 m). Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani batu da kuma daraja karafa dauke a cikin wutar lantarki da kayayyakin wutan lantarki. A kan aiwatar da disassembly da kasawa ciyar a total na 20 miliyan., Wanne ne da yawa kasa da kudin da albarkatun.

Bugu da kari ga utilitarian dabi'u, da aiwatar da lalata dukkan dole ba kayan aiki da kuma bi wani burin: matsakaicin taimako makaman rage ruwan sama. Irin wannan babban flotation na'urar ba haka sauki da za a bushe a cikin Dock (caisson) - wannan na bukatar pontoons, a haɗe da jiki (akwai shida). Biyu daga cikinsu sun kasance a shirye, da suka taru domin gyara da jirgin sama m "Vikramaditya", a baya an samu daga India. Amfani da samu a lokacin da kisan da wannan tsari da kwarewa. Production na pontoons, su gwaji da kuma kullawa ake bukata duka biyu lokacin da abu halin kaka. A halin yanzu, makaman nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Nahimov" shi ne a cikin jirgin ruwan, da casing saki daga duk superfluous nukiliya man fetur cire daga reactor. Zamani ya fara.

modernization raga

Babban manufar ita ce ba tsada ayyukan fama raka'a na Arewa rundunar coveted fama tasiri. Wannan na bukatar ba kawai, musanyawa na rabu amfani tun 1980 kayan aiki da kuma makamai tsarin, amma kuma ya tabbatar da yiwuwar kara modernization daidai da bukatun na zuwa shekarun da suka gabata. Kayan lantarki, da makamai masu linzami da kuma kula da tsarin da ake rasa munasaba da sauri isa, kuma ya kamata ba maimaita kura-kuran da designers, da magina a cikin eighties na jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Nakhimov". Zamani, babu makawa a cikin 'yan shekaru, ya kamata sha kasa mai raɗaɗi, kuma da yawa mai rahusa don sarrafa.

Daga cikin mafi lokaci-cinyewa ayyuka na Sevmash shipbuilders, ya bayyana da fari ya maye gurbin karkata makami mai linzami silos ƙaddara ga 3M45 da makamai masu linzami a duniya a gidaje UKSK 3S14 tsaye jefa. Watakila, daga slanted makirci har yanzu ba zai daina (da yawa cikakken bayani game da aikin ana kiyaye asirin), amma Gudun zai daina za a yi daga flooded matsayin (wannan da aka shibtarsu da bukatar "tarpaulin" asalin rabu amfani 3M45). Total nawa ya 20, guda yawan su, kuma za su kasance, amma a kowane daga cikinsu za a located a ire tsarin da hudu makamai masu linzami. Jumillar adadin anti-jifa zai kara sau hudu da kuma zai zama lamba 80.

Abin da za su zama, ta zauna ita zuwa tsammani mafi m "onis" ko "Turquoise". jirgin ruwa na soja a matsayin "jirgin sama m kisa" suna nuna yiwuwar equipping spetszaryadami yajin makamai (nukiliya). Irin wannan babban yawan makamai masu linzami a cikin arsenal "Nakhimova" shibtarsu "gregarious" Hanyar aikace-aikace. Tafakkuri hari a rukuni na RCC ne kusan ba zai yiwu.

Bugu da kari ga babban baturi, Tarka, ana sa ran za a dauke da makamai a subsonic nufin 3M14 yi nufi ga terrestrial bakin teku hari. Anti-submarine ƙungiya za ta gudanar da hadaddun "Pack-NK" (yana yiwuwa cewa wani sashi daga cikin makamai bar rijiyar-tabbatar da m "waterfall-NK"). Amsawa rokoki RBU-6000 maye gurbin "Boas 1", iya aiwatar da kariya da kai hare-hare torpedo.

The iska tsaro

Ba zai zama da butulci yi imani da cewa ofishin "Sevmash" ba su damu da yadda za a kare da yiwu hari da jirgin sama da kuma makamai masu linzami a matsayin wata babbar teku manufa kamar "Admiral Nakhimov". Santa Fe, duk da dukan wajen amfani domin tabbatar da halin asiri, shi ne sosai kama hankali abu, kuma a cikin hali na soja rikici zai babu makawa zama manufa domin maƙiyi anti-tsarin. A baya can, aiki na tunani yanke shawarar iska hari Sam "Fort" C-300F ne da kyau, amma bukatar a canza a cikin ra'ayi na babban kudin da aikin da ta dogon lokaci darajar. Yana da aka zaci cewa jirgin VOP sabunta da saitin da ke ƙasa bene PU kusa makirci da kuma halaye na wata ƙasa hadaddun S-500. Su porous iri, ba revolving, kamar yadda kafin, da kuma, saboda ta fi girma Compactness, za su kasance mafi (a cikin arsenal na anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami za su zama 'yan xari). Wata irin, ba shakka, ba iyaka. Har ila yau, C-500, don sarrafa sama a kan jirgin-shugaban da "Tawagar" ne aka yi nufi manyan bindigogi harsashi hadaddun "Carapace-M." Duk da haka, da cikakkun bayanai na sojan ruwa jagoranci, saboda wasu dalilai, bai bayyana.

Janar halaye na jirgin da kuma samun galabar

A latsa leaked da bayanai da cewa a wasu zamani zai sha propulsion tsarin ciki har da makaman nukiliya reactor, amma, a fili, da tsarin canji ba zai yi wani juyin juya hali hali. Inganta kyau - kawai ganimar, don haka la'akari soja masana. "Admiral Nakhimov" - wani jirgin ruwa na soja, don haka da yi halaye, wanda suna dauke musamman a cikin tuki yi wanda ya yi daidai. A cikakken hijirar na kan 26.000 ton da kuma tsawon mita 251, shi yana da ikon shuka, da ikon wanda (a kan 100 MW) zai zama isa iko da birnin na yawan kwata na miliyan mazaunan. Bugu da kari ga nukiliya reactor jirgin ruwa yana da biyu m boilers. Ya tafi (da matuƙan kira rate) - 32 kullin. Cruising kewayon Unlimited, da cikakken mulkin kai ne watanni biyu. The ƙungiya kunshi 630 matuƙan da kuma jami'an junior shugabanni da daruruwan jami'an.

Lokacin da jirgin zai koma zuwa ga aiki na Arewa jiragen ruwa? A cikin wannan shirin ya faru a shekara ta 2018. Zai yiwu za a yi wasu m matsaloli, wanda mika dama kyautayuwa. Amma shi babu shakka zai zo a cikin teku - sabunta jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Nakhimov". Photo da ya buga a periodicals, za su murna abokai na kasar mu da yake iya soke makiya. Kuma ba kawai a photo ...