Founder na soja photojournalism Robert Capa: A Biography, kerawa da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Domin shekaru 40 ya saki da yawa suka yi. Na yi tafiya a duk faɗin duniya, ya abokai tare da shahararrun marubuta da masana daga cikin lokaci, kamar Hemingway da kuma Steinbeck, ziyarci da biyar yaƙe-yaƙe, shi ne progenitor na dukan Genre - soja photojournalism. A lokacin da wannan da aka sani a matsayin mai womanizer, wani mashayin da Vadinho, tsira daga halakar da yaki kuma masõyansa mace aboki, kusan aure da mafi kyau mace a duniya - a movie SuperStar - kuma ya mutu a fagen yaƙi talakawa soja ta mutuwa. Ganin cewa Robert Capa na dogon lokaci bai wanzu a matsayin mutum, amma da aka tsara da kyau da wani jabu, yana yiwuwa ya dauko irin wannan biography ga screenplay ga fim, shi ne ya cancanci na "Oscar".

An jiran wani girma a nan gaba!

Lokacin a 1913 da iyali masu da fashion studio, a tsakiyar Budapest, Dezso da Dzhulii Fridman, wani yaro da aka haife sũ, sun kasance tabbata - shi zai zama wani matsanancin mutum, wanda zai zama wani rabo a cikin rayuwa. Daya daga cikin alamun, sai suka ga wani kananan alama a sama - wani jariri da aka a hannunka karin yatsa, wanda neatly cire ba tare da wani sakamakon da kiwon lafiya da kuma bayyanar da yaro. Dan mai suna Andre Erno, amma bayan wani lokaci ya samu da sunan barkwanci, kamar laifi, da kuma sunan barkwanci zama a yayin da sunansa - Bundy. A bayyane yake, wannan Yahudawa yaro daga mai kyau iyali sãɓã wa jũna m fushi, m hankali da kuma kyama ga wani shiru rayuwa.

Zo 30s. Hungary ya kasance daya daga cikin kasashen da inda fascists zo iko, da ƙungiya nan da nan ya samu da hannu a cikin zanga-zangar da motsi amincewa da gwamnatin Horthy. Bayan da aka kama da kuma 'yan sanda dama ya bar Hungary, da kuma a shekarar 1931 ya shiga Jami'ar Berlin a Faculty of Aikin Jarida. Amma da kudi domin ci gaba da nazarin da aka iske ba, da kuma gungu tafi aiki a mutu Foto photo hukumar. Makamashi da kuma sociability saurayin bai je kada a gane, kuma nan da nan ya fara caji binciken da muhimmanci siyasa da suka faru, wanda a lokacin rasa m cikin Turai.

A farko nasara

Da yake jawabi a watan Disamba 1932, a Copenhagen, Leon Trotsky, kõre da Stalin daga kasar tsoron kisa, haramta wani daukar hoto. Amma matasa daukar hoto Andre Friedmann gudanar ya dauki wasu hotuna, wanda aka buga da yawa jagorancin Turai wallafe. Da shi shi ne na farko real nasara fara photojournalist. Ya fara da za a yi niyya tare da ka'idodi na sana'a, shugaban wanda zai kuma sanar daga baya, kamar yadda Robert Capa: "Idan ka hotuna ba kyau - yana nufin ba ka kasance a rufe isa!"

Ya kasance a shekara ta 1933 a cikin zuciya na mataki a cikin cibiyar da tukunyar jirgi, wanda brews duniya most gaba bala'i na yaki: to ikon a Jamus da Nazis zo. Yahudawa photojournalist da leftist ra'ayoyi a Berlin ya zama wata barazana ga rayuwa, kuma ya koma Faransa a Paris. Akwai, a cikin 1935, kamar yadda shi ne to ya joked, "a cikin shekaru 22 da aka haife" nan gaba kafa wani soja photojournalist Robert Capa. "Uba" za a iya daukan Andre Friedmann, kuma amma ya kasance, a matsayin sa ran, da "uwa".

Gerda Taro

Gamuwa da aka tsarki damar. Lokacin da Andre gayyace a matsayin abin koyi daya kyakkyawar yarinya, kamar yadda ya gudu daga Nazis, wanda da ciwon da amarya da kuma sanin da suna na kyau daukar hoto, ya ɗauki ta aboki. Ta kasance mai Jamus Bayahude da Polish Tushen, da kuma mata, sunanta Gerda Anna Pogorilaya. Centerfolds daraja da aka ba lalace, amma Gerda da tsafi na Don Juan iya tsayayya. Sai ya juya daga abin da suka kasance abokan aiki, da kuma Gerda, kamar Andre, yana kokarin yin rayuwa photojournalism. Career Andre hana matalauta ilimi na Faransa da kuma gaban a Paris na wani photojournalist for Friedman iyali. Ba da da ewa tare da suke tasowa chic marketing ploy.

Jigon su jabu ne, kamar yadda ya kamata, sauki da kuma m. Ã'a m Yahudawa masu daukan hoto, wanda ba ya so a magance ba tare da daskararrun edition don bayyana shahara da kuma m mai daukar hoto daga wuri mai nisa America, inda ya hoto snapped a mafi tasiri jaridu da mujallu, da kuma yake aiki da ta musamman wakili a hade - ma daukar hoto, yarinya leftist. Ba da da ewa Paris manema fara bayyana mamaki Topical da kuma m, sau da yawa scandalous photo rahotanni, sa hannu da m sunan Robert Capa (Robert Capa). Tattaunawar da Editocin ya jagoranci manajan - Gerda Taro, kuma wani lokacin aika aikinsu. The matasa gano photo dillancin, ya lashe babban daraja, inda yanci American ya co-mai da Tarot - ya sakataren kuma sarrafa.

The yaki a Spain

Hoax da aka saukar, a lokacin da suka koma zuwa New York da kuma kokarin bayar da mai shi ya photo dillancin ga sanannen dan Faransa. Amma ya kasance da gaske shahara, kuma tun Robert Capa sanya nama da jini, kuma ya dubi quite ban sha'awa. Lighting wanda ya fara da Spanish yakin basasa , Robert kuma Gerda ya tafi kamar yadda wani sananne masu daukan hoto, da sunayen ba sa bukatar talla da kuma hoaxes. Bugu da kari ga masu sana'a sha'awa a cikin filin fara yaƙi farkisanci, kuma suka kira for quite wasu juyayi bar, gurguzu ideas cewa bambanta yayin da yawa tunanin mutane a duk faɗin duniya.

A farko yaki, wanda taurari Robert Capa, shi ne ya fara kwarewa, a lokacin da ya aikata hanyoyin da shan hotuna, shirin gaskiya yana ba kawai daidaito amma kuma high tausaya da babban karfi tasiri a kan masu sauraro. Da siffofinsa ko da yaushe featured undisguised sirri hali zuwa abin da ke faruwa - da juyayi da girmamawa ga daya hali, raini da qyama ga wasu. Personal ƙarfin hali da kuma makamashi damar Cape dauki hotuna, ƙanshi na gunpowder da kuma yawo bawo kara, da kuma sa'a da kuma m son zuciyõyin - Mu sanya su abin tunawa da ban sha'awa tarihi takardun.

Mafi shahara image

5 ga watan Satumba, 1936 Capa ya a cikin ramuka na Republican a yankin da dutsen kewayon Sierra Morena. A yanayi na mayakan suka yi tsayayya da Frankists ya m. Magoya bayan, watau magoya bayan na jumhuriya, kare istinbadi ikon 'yan tawayen Janar Franco, ya san su abokin gaba da aka sabon Jamus inji, damar Shooting da unprecedented tsanani.

Daga baya Capa tuna cewa lokacin da tawagar loyalist kwamandan kaddamar da farmaki a bi, da kuma mutane suka fara hawa daga buya, ji m bindigar. Daukar hoto ya gane wa "Leica" a kan mahara da kuma suyi ja jawo. Lokacin da korau, hukumar aika fita Capa, an nuna a da yawa littattafai da aka buga hoton, mai suna bayan da ya fi shahara m, a duniya, yi a lokacin yaqi. Akwai daban-daban da shaidunka, da gudanar da bincike, don magana game da aiwatar da wasannin yanayin da m, da alfãsha daga staging, Kanmu da Capa. Rigingimu ba su daina har yanzu, amma jigon da hoto cewa sanya daukar hoto Robert Capa, shi ba ya canza: da ordinariness lokacin da mutuwa, shãfe haske jam'iyya, ya nuna mafi mũnin - anti-adam - m yaki.

asara

A lokacin rani na 1937 a cikin mãsu bãyar da bãya shafi na 'yan jam'iyyar Republican, a kusa da Madrid unguwar waje na Brunete, wani tanki truck bazata murƙushe da rauni. Shi ne mai aboki kuma aboki na Capa - Gerda Taro. Kashegari - Yuli 26 - ta mutu daga halinsa. Asarar da babban tasiri a kan Robert. Abokansa tuna cewa ya gaske da aka ba su iya warke daga gare shi, har karshen. Yanzu ya yi aiki a wannan hukuma, da haihuwa na hadin gwiwa da shirin, amma mafi muhimmanci - ya rasa ya ƙaunataccen budurwa, wanda, a cewar wasu kafofin, aka je sami aure farin ciki.

A na gaba yaki ya ke kadai. Hotuna dauka Capa a kasar Sin, ya gabatar da Turawa da kuma Amurkawa ne ba kawai m zuwa yankuna da dama na duniya, amma kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai tsanani Shu'umcinku cewa harshen wuta yakin duniya na II a lokacin da mamayewa na Japan sojojin ya fara a shekara ta 1938 ya barke tare da sabunta karfi, da kuma zama a cikin maras gefen daya za su ci nasara ba.

duniya

A peculiarity na American dokar for dan kasa a 1940 ya jagoranci wani paradoxical halin da ake ciki tare da riga ya shahara photojournalist. Capa ƙa'ida zauna jama'a na Hungary - ally na Nazi Jamus da kuma abokan gaba da zanga-Hitler hadaka. Duk da haka, shi ne a lokacin yaki an hukuma ma'aikaci na m American magazine RAYUWA. A wannan damar, ya halarci a cikin mummunan ayyukan da American expeditionary sojojin a Turai - a cikin saukowa daga Allied sojoji a Normandy.

Daga bisani, a cikin sanannen littafinsa "Hidden Hangen zaman" Robert Capa da aka dauka a gaskiya, kuma m ta m kwatancin Yuni 6, 1944, ya gudanar a yankin na kansu da Norman Coast, alama a kan maps of US soja a matsayin Omaha Beach kansu. Shi ne kawai 'yar jarida a mafi hadarin wurin saukowa daga American sojojin. Ya aka hõre m hadarin kowane biyu, motsi tare da kowa da sojoji a karkashin wannan mummunan wuta da cewa Jamusawa suke tare da overhanging gaci Heights.

Capa hoton da dama fayafayan film, kasawa ga tsare su daga harsasai, shrapnel kuma fadowa cikin ruwa. Sai aka jiran wani bugu: for dubawa na m aka bayyana a cikin mujallar "Rayuwa" a London aika Capa kayan daga Normandy, kusan duk na yin fim da aka rasa. Kiyaye kawai 11 Shots, yana da daban-daban fasaha lahani. Nan da nan žunsa mai hazo, blurry, spots ba da hotuna don haka ma'ana cewa suna tafiya duk duniya ta manyan kafofin watsa labaru, da kuma sun zama litattafansu na daukar hoto.

A dillancin "Magnum"

A post-yaki daukaka daga cikin shahararrun Amurka fotohronikera ba ya canja hanyar rayuwar Robert Capa. Ya kasance abokai da artists da kuma marubuta, ina da wani murkushe kan movie taurari. Mafi shahara Diva na lokaci - mai ban mamaki Ingrid Bergman - a shirye ya ke aure da shi, idan ya tsaya a nan ba su shiga su tafiye-tafiye a cikin soja rikici na Afirka. A sakamakon haka, sun karya up.

A shekarar 1947 aka kafa photo dillancin "Magnum", wanda aka karkashin jagorancin Robert Capa. Litattafansu na daukar hoto - Henri cartier-Beresson, David Seymour, Dzhordzh Rodzher - wanda ya koma da shi, aka yi nufi ga ƙirƙirar manyan jam'iyya na shirin daukan hoto da za su iya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a ko'ina a cikin duniya tare da zama dole inganci da sauri. Wannan burin da aka samu, duk da hukumar shawo kan wuya sau.

War bayan yaki

Robert Capa, biography, photos, littattafai da suke cike da mummunan abu daga filayen daga soja fadace-fadace, ya ƙaunace su harba da kuma zaman lafiya rai, gano labarai zama cikin litattafansu. A shekara ta 1949, ya yi tafiya zuwa Tarayyar Soviet, akwai wani ƙoƙari na bude sama da waje ƙetare da "baƙin ƙarfe labule".

Amma ya kasance a babban zama na soja photojournalism. Capa tafi a kan tafiya zuwa inda Shots Rang fita. A shekara ta 1948, ya rufe abubuwan da suka faru na yaki bayyana ta Arab States ga sabon jihar Isra'ila.

Karshe photo labaru Robert Capa aka sanya May 25, 1954, a Indochina. Ya nuna yadda American sojoji yawo matsa a hankali, guje wa share hanya sashe. A wani lokaci za ka ji wani landmine fashewa, ya ƙare da rai daga cikin shahararrun photojournalist.