Classicism da kuma wakilan classicism

Classicism - shugabanci na al'adar Turai a cikin marigayi 17th - farkon karni na 19th. Sunan zo daga Latin kalma classicus, wanda ke nufin "mai gida". A hallmark na classicism dauke tsananin ɓullo da tsarin na m nagartacce, wanda aka bukata da za a lura, bayyanuwar m tunanin aka dauke unacceptable. Gargajiya ideas kasance halarce a duk duniyoyin da al'adu rai. Classicism a, adabi, zanen, gine, music ya bayyana a duniya jituwa.

A ka'idodi na classicism aka tsara a wani rubutun Nikolya Bualo (France 1674). A da shi, ya rinjawarwa substantiated wani yawan bukatun da m yanayi da shafi adabi ayyukansu. Ban mamaki ayyukan da aka zaci za a kiyaye a cikin m mulki na uku unities. Unity nufin wani ajali wuri na sarari inda events faruwa, da hadin kan lokaci - takamaiman, iyaka lokaci lokaci, da hadin kai na mataki - daya tsakiyar storyline.

Har ila yau, bisa ga F. Fenelon kuma M. V. Lomonosovu, wakilan classicism a adabi dole ne tsayar da m matsayi na nau'o'i da kuma styles. "High style" - bẽne ƙamus, nau'o'i: da Ode, wannan jaruntakar waka. "Talakawan a kwantar da hankula" - elegy, satirical ayyukansu, wasan kwaikwayo. "Low kwantar da hankula" - zaman kansu da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum, nau'o'i: labari, comedy rubuce. shi da aka haramta Mix styles. By farkon karni na 19th classicism suka ƙwace ta pedestal irin styles matsayin sentimentalism da romanticism. A bin rigor da kuma tsabta zuwa dakatar.

A Rasha classicism bayyana ne kawai a farkon 18th karni. A impetus domin cin gaban su sun zama da canji na Bitrus I , da kuma ka'idar "uku styles" University garambawul Trediakovsky. Mafi shahara wakilan classicism a Rasha: Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin (comedy), Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir (satire), Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (Ode), Ivan Ivanovich Chemnitzer da Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov (labari). A tsakiyar matsalar al'umma a lokacin da aka mai ikon matsala, don haka Rasha classicism yana da wani peculiar gefe da bambanci da Western classicism. Tun bayan Bitrus mai girma ba sarki kuma zo iko da bin doka, da ainihin matsalar da aka rikici, fadar juyin mulki ne, da mismatch na monarch da mutane ta tsammanin na kotu. Yana da wadannan matsaloli suna kyalli a cikin Rasha classicism.

wakilan classicism a music, misali, Yozef Gaydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, har abada shiga tarihi na duniya. Aikinsu karfe jagora kara ci gaba da na m abun da ke ciki. Musical ayyukansu sun zama mafi ginannun, dukan sassa na wani samfurin sun daidaita.

Classicism karfi da tasiri cikin al'adu da masana'antu kamar gine-gine. Used tsoho siffofin, a bayyane Greek, Roman motifs. Pastel tabarau. A Rasha shi ne sosai a cakuda Byzantine al'adu da kuma Rasha Baroque. Wakilai na Rasha classicism a gine: Kazakov, Eropkin, Zemtsov, Korobov, Rossi, Stasov, Montferrand.

Classicism a zanen, yawanci karfafa smoothness siffofin, da kuma ainihin abubuwan ne siffar da kuma layin da haske da launi. Daya daga cikin mafi kyau painters gane N. Poussin kuma C. Lorrain. Poussin halitta Masterpieces, inda jaruntakar ayyukan ƙwarai, mãkirci a cikin tarihi style aka nuna. Lorraine, bi da bi, aka tsunduma a cikin shimfidar wuri, wanda shi ne m dangane tsakanin mutum da yanayi, da jituwa da hulda. Wakilai daga classicism a Rasha zanen: yarda da juna, master zane-zane na tarihi batutuwa AP Losenko, almajiransa (I. A. Akimov, P. I. Sokolov da sauransu).