Gine-ginen na St. Petersburg - su waye ne?

Duniya-shahara al'adu babban birnin na Rasha - Saint Petersburg - bautar ba kawai mazauna yankin, amma kuma dubban baƙi suke so su ziyarci birnin gadoji, da kuma White Nights. Abin da yake haka m St. Petersburg da kuma wanda ya aikata shi a hanyar da muka sani shi yanzu?

Fara na yi na St. Petersburg

Wanda ya kafa birnin ne mai girma kawo canji da kuma Tsar Peter I. burge tare da gine-gine da kuma ci gaban da kasashen yammaci ya ziyarci, Peter na yanke shawarar gina wani birni a Rasha, ba na baya zuwa kyakkyawa da ladabi da Turai manya. Haka abin ya fara da gina St. Petersburg.

Sarki ya ba masu tsattsauran ra'ayi taimako ga dukan yammacin, amma ya ya iya cire mafi muhimmanci na abin da kuke gani da kuma daidaita shi zuwa Rasha yanayi. Gine-ginen na St. Petersburg, wanda ya yi ijara da daga kasashen waje, sun kasance sanannun Masters wannan sana'a a cikin kasashen Turai.

Daga gare su, Jean-Baptiste Leblond daga Faransa da kuma Domenico Trezzini daga Italiya. Su aiki da aka ba kawai a cikin zane na gine-gine a daidai da dandani da kuma bukatun da mazauna birnin, amma kuma a cikin horo da gine-ginen Empire wannan wuya art. Don karfafa 'yan kasashen waje Bitrus I biya su mafi girma lada fiye da Rasha Masters.

Gine-ginen na St. Petersburg

Daya daga cikin na farko gine-ginen a St. Petersburg a cikin lokaci daga 1703 zuwa 1716 ya kasance Domenico Trezzini - wakilin farkon Baroque. Daga ayyukan - gina Kronshlot (manyan bindigogi Fort domin neman kariya daga Swedes). na farko general shirin na birnin. ci gaban shirin Vasilyevsky Island. shirin domin gina da Cathedral Bitrus da Bulus sansanin soja, da Summer Palace, ginin daga cikin sha biyun kwalejojin. A style daga cikin m canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da kewaye gaskiya. A farko ayyukan (musamman, kararrawa Hasumiyar Cathedral of SS Bitrus da Bulus) farin cikin matsananci Scandinavian style a gine. Duk da haka, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar hadisin da style of Rasha Masters gine-gine da siffofin Trezzini dauki wani softer siffar.

Hõre da wannan sakamako da kuma sauran gine-ginen na St. Petersburg: musamman Rasha ruhu da kuma iri na rai na mutanen Rasha Empire yi gagarumin gyara a cikin m tsari da kuma ado ra'ayoyi na gine-ginen.

Babu kasa muhimmanci taimako ga raya birane sanya ta Johann Georg Mattarnovi, Jamus m, ya isa a St. Petersburg a 1714. Ya jagoranci yi da dama gine-gine - na biyu na Winter Palace, ginin Kunstkamera, St. Ishaku Cathedral. Amma bayan kwatsam mutuwa a 1719 ya fara cika m Nikolaus Gerbel.

Wani fice m, wanda ya yi aiki a arewacin babban birnin kasar - Faransa Jean-Baptiste Leblond. Ya kasance marubucin na farko general shirin na birnin. Bugu da kari, da m ya halicci wani layout na da Summer Aljanna, kazalika da Parks da gidãjen Aljanna a Strelna da Peterhof (musamman, ya gina wa hermitage, Monplaisir, sarauta da bẽnãye , kuma haimõmi Marley).

Daya daga cikin na farko ayyukan da aka mai alfarma da Menshikov Palace, wanda shiri ya fara a 1710 a kan ci gaban Giovanni Maria Fontana, kuma aka kammala a 1720 riga Johann Schedel. Ginin da aka gina musamman don Pet sarki - Prince Alexander Menshikov.

The gine-ginen da suka gina St. Petersburg, aiki ga al'ummomi. Saboda haka, a cikin 1716, a garin tare da iyalinsa, kuma wasu mataimaka isa Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, kammala a kwangilar shekaru uku tare da sarki. The m aka tsunduma a cikin halittar dukan rukuni na reliefs ga Grand Cascade a Peterhof. Na halitta wani wasannin tunawa da Bitrus I (sanya a gaban ta Mikhailovsky Palace), kazalika da dama hotuna na sarki da "kakin adadi".

Manyan m of St. Petersburg

Dan Bartholomew Sr. - Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli - ya zo gari tare da mahaifinsa ya na da shekaru 15 da shekaru. Ilimi, da ya gudanar a cikin irin fice gine-ginen a matsayin Domenico Trezzini, N. Michetti, M. Zemtsov kuma A. Shlyutter. Rastrelli Jr. yi aiki a St. Petersburg, kimanin shekaru hamsin da, samar da fiye da wannan lokaci duniya-sanannen gine-gine: The Catherine Palace a Tsarskoye Selo, Count Stroganov gidan da Vorontsov, Grand Peterhof Palace. A m na Winter Palace a St. Petersburg - don haka ya kira Bartolomeo Rastrelli, aiwatuwa a cikin wannan hadaddun dukan basira. Yi dade daga 1754 zuwa 1762. Bayan ta kammala, da gidan sarki shi ne babban mazaunin fadar hunturu. A gini ne a cikin Baroque style. Shi ne na karshe monumental gini, embodies da style of artists wanda ya yi aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci.

Haka ya faru ne domin tun daga biyu da rabi na XVIII karni ne halin da zato canje-canje a cikin huldar cinikaiya da kuma dandani na al'umma, wanda ya kai ga m nau'i nau'i na Baroque pop.

A m na Winter Palace a St. Petersburg ya samu wani real bala'i saboda kaifi asarar sha'awa a cikin gine-gine da style ransa ya hanya zuwa classicism. Yana da rare zuwa master tsira da zamanin kwarara, a cikin abin da ya yi aiki. Rastrelli ga shi kuwa, a real duka.

Effect a waje gine Rasha

A farkon rabin na XVIII karni zama alama a cikin tarihi na Rasha gine. Duk da cewa sanannen gine-ginen na St. Petersburg sun 'yan kasashen waje, suka fi mayar da m ci gaban gine a Rasha Empire, ba shi da wasu Yammacin trends. A lokaci guda Masters kansu a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da yanayi, al'adu da kuma hadisai na Rasha mutane da duniya sun canza salon aikinsu, adapting to dandani kuma fifiko daga abokan ciniki.