Alexander, Grand Duke. A tarihin na Rasha Empire

Grand Duke Romanov Alexander Mikhailovich aka haife Afrilu 13, 1866 a Tiflis. Mai ransa an hade tare da ci gaban da Navy da kuma Air Force. Wannan memba na sarauta daular tuna da zane ayyukan, short-rayu jagorancin Maritime cinikayya, da kuma aiki a cikin tsawon ƙaura bayan yakin basasa.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

The Grand Duke ya dan Mikhail Nikolayevich kuma jikan Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I. Tsar Alexander III, ya shi ne dan uwan. A karshe monarch, Nicholas II ya babbar-dan. Alexander mahaifiyar - Olga Fedorovna - wani Jamus ta haihuwa. Ta kasance 'yar Duke Leopold na Baden.

Kamar yadda wani yaro, nan gaba Tsar Nicholas II yana da 'yan abokansa. Daya daga cikinsu da aka dauke su Alexander. The Grand Duke da magaji zuwa da kursiyin kuma akwai kusan guda shekaru tare da wani bambanci na tsawon shekaru biyu. Kamar mutane da yawa qananan wakilan House of Romanov, Alexander ya zaba a soja. Ya soja kurum marar a Marine Lardi College, inda ya kammala a cikin 1885. The saurayi samu daraja da sammacin jami'in da ya juya ga a rubuta a cikin Guards. The zabi shi ba ta hanyar kwatsam. Guards ne mai babbar sojan ruwa wani ɓangare na wani ɓangare na mallaka Guard.

duniya yawon shakatawa

A 1886, Romanov Aleksandr Mihaylovich tafi circumnavigate duniya, lokacin da na fara fitar a matsayin mai midshipman. Grand Duke skirted duniya a kan bronepalubnom Corvette "kararrawa." A Kirsimeti Hauwa'u, da jirgin ya shiga yankin ruwan da wani m Brazil. Alexander ko biya ziyarar a Danzig Sarkin sarakuna Pedro II. Monarch gana da Rasha bako a mai tsayi zama Petropolis, inda jira Zenith zafi kudancin rani. Kawai kamar wata shekaru, Pedro abdicated, da kuma Brazil ta zama jamhuriya.

The Grand Duke sanya tasha a Afirka ta Kudu. Akwai ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga rayuwa da kuma aiki na Dutch manoma. Daga Cape Town ya fara da mafi tsawo mika mulki "Rynda" - a Singapore. The jirgin ciyar a bude teku kwanaki 45, a lokacin da lokacin da ya ƙungiya ba su gani ambato na gabatowa ƙasar. Bisa ga memoirs na Alexander Mikhailovich, kowane na biyu gida a Singapore ta Chinatown ya da opium den, inda masoya na nan m miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Ya 21st birthday dan uwan nan hadu da sarki a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Hong Kong. Sa'an nan, ya shafe kimanin shekaru biyu a Nagasaki, inda ya tafi da tafiya zuwa India, Australia da kuma Philippines. A Japan, Grand Duke ziyarci Danzig sarki kuma ko da koya kayan yau da kullum na gida harshe. "Rynda" koma zuwa Turai a cikin bazara na 1889, bayan wucewa ta hanyar da Suez Canal a Misira. Kafin ka samu a cikin gidan, da Grand Duke ziyarci bako na Sarauniya Victoria, wanda ya dauki Romanov da karamci, kuma kõ dã a wuya lokacin da Birtaniya-Rasha dangantakar.

A Alexander Mikhailovich yana da nasa yacht "Tamara". A da shi, ya kuma sanya da dama tafiye-tafiye. A 1891, "Tamara" ziyarci Indiya. Jim kadan bayan da tafiya Alexander ya zama kwamandan a kan hallakarwa "revel" A 1893, ya, tare da rundujar soja masu dawaki tafi Arewacin Amirka. Jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Dmitry Donskoy" da sauran Rasha jiragen ruwa suka aika zuwa New World a kan lokaci na da 400th ranar tunawa da gano ta Columbus.

aure

A 1894 riga shi ya Alexander - Grand Duke - da daraja na leftana. Jim kaɗan bayan wannan gabatarwa ya aure. Alexander da matarsa zama Xenia Alexandrovna. The Grand Duchess yake ƙarami 'yar'uwar Nicholas II. Ta san ta nan gaba miji tun suna yara - ya kai a kai ziyarci Gatchina, inda akwai yara na Alexander III.

Slim tsayi gasi mai ruwan kasa shi ne kawai matasa soyayya Xenia. A farko na ta ji, ta gaya mata ɗan'uwansu, Nicholas, wanda ya kira wani aboki Alexander Sandro. Bikin aure na Grand Duke da Duchess Grand ya faru Yuli 25, 1894 a Peterhof. Ma'auratan sun yara bakwai - 'ya'ya maza shida, kuma daya' yar (Irina, Andrei, Fedor, Nikita, Dmitri, Rostislav da Basil).

Kula da Navy

A 1891 Alexander fara buga shugabanci "sojojin ruwa", wanda ya zama sosai rare mujallar a cikin gida jiragen ruwa. A cikin wannan shekara da uwarsa mutu Olga Fedorovna. Grand Duke biya yawa da hankali ga jihar na Pacific jiragen ruwa. Domin a karfafa shi, Alexander shekaru da dama a cikin shirye-shiryen da dabarun shirin na ta garambawul. The daftarin aiki da aka gabatar Nicholas II a 1895.

Duk da yake Far East ya m - a kasar Sin akwai disturbances da kuma Japan hanzari sabunta hanyoyin da ya fara da'awar da take da babban iko a yankin. Wannan karkashin wadannan yanayi na yi Alexander? Grand Duke samarwa a ci gaba daga gaskiya cewa Japan yana bunkasa cikin sauri, jima ko daga baya bayyana yaki a kan kasar Rasha. A cikin matasa, sai ya ciyar da shekaru biyu a cikin Land of rãnã tanã bayyana, kuma a wannan lokacin zai iya ganin ganin an da ci gaba da cewa ya zo a cikin wani gajeren lokaci tsibirin daular.

Duk da haka, da Grand Duke ta gargadi aka kirã su zuwa ga St. Petersburg hangula. More high-ranking soja da kuma mambobi na daular Qing mallakar Japan a matsayin mai rauni, maƙiyi, kuma ba su yi la'akari da bukatar shirya wani wuya yaƙin neman zaɓe. Lokaci ya nuna abin da suka kasance ba daidai ba. Duk da haka, shirin da aka taba soma. Bugu da kari, saboda sabanin ra'ayi game da nan gaba na rundunar ritaya kansa Alexander aka aiko taƙaice. The Grand Duke koma zuwa sabis a 1898, zama wani jami'in a kan jirgin ruwa na soja coastguard "General-Admiral Apraksin".

injiniya nasara

Service to "Apraksin" Grand Duke ya invaluable kwarewa, wanda kafa dalilin da ya zane aiki. A shekarar 1900, sojoji gama zane seagoing jirgin ruwa na soja coastguard "Admiral Butakov". Ya zama sake tunani na "Apraksin". Tare da Alexander Mikhailovich ya yi aiki a kan aikin babban injiniya na jirgin ta tashar jiragen ruwa birnin Dmitriy Skortsov.

Wani 'ya'yan na aikin injiniya da ayyukan Grand Duke - wani aikin jirgin ruwa na soja tare da kawar da na 14.000 tons. Ya samu goma sha shida bindigogi. An m aikin lokaci guda tare da Alexander Mikhailovich sauke karatu daga cikin shahararrun sojan ruwa m Vittorio Kunibert. Wannan zane yana da akai domin gina jiragen ruwa na aji "Regina Elena". Bambanci tsakanin ideas Kunibert da kuma Grand Duke ne kawai a gaskiya cewa ra'ayin wani Italian, da bambanci ga bambancin Romanova, bayan duk an gane.

A majalisar ministoci

A 1903, a lokacin da Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich zo bushãra Palace. Ya aka ciyar da su Rear Admiral. Kafin Grand Duke shekaru biyu da aka shugaba a kan jirgin ruwa na soja "Rostislav". Yanzu Alexander mayar da hankali a kan komai haqqinsa sabis. Ya tafi zuwa ga Office of Merchant Shipping Council. Alexander rinjayi sarki a maida hukumar. A watan Nuwamba, 1902, da majalisar ya zama Gaba Directorate of Merchant Shipping da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa, kuma a zahiri - ma'aikatar.

A mastermind da shugaba matsari daga cikin sabon kamfanin dillancin aka kansa Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. A Rasha jiragen ruwa yana cikin bukata na raba ma'aikata cewa zai kare da harkokin kasuwanci bukatu da tunani Romanov. Duk da haka, ko ta yaya da kyau-manufar ko shiryar da bafadan, dole ne ya fuskanci kadan adawa sauran ministoci. Ba su son cewa wani memba na sarauta iyali ta shãmakace a cikin aikin gwamnati. Kusan daukacin majalisar juya adawa da Alexander Mikhailovich. Takwarorinsa yi da mafi kyau ga lallashe da Sarkin sarakuna soke Gaba Administration. Wannan ya yi a 1905. Saboda haka, Grand Duke da yaron bai wuce shekaru uku.

The yaki da Japan

C zuwan Rasha-Japanese War, da Navy na Rasha Empire fuskantar tsanani kalubale. Alexander, wanda ya ba da shi mafi ransa, ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cewa yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ya ɗauki nauyin gudanar da horo da taimakon jirgin ruwa mallakar da gudummuwar jiragen ruwa. Sa'an nan suka gangarawa wani kwamiti don tsara tarin kyaututtuka, don karfafa soja squadrons.

A 1905, bayan da aka kawar da kansa hidima, Alexander ya zama shugaban detachment na hallaka da kuma Cruisers, mine, izini a cikin jama'a magunguna. Lokacin da tambaya tashi na aika biyu Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki da gaba da Far East, Grand Duke yi magana fitar da wannan hukunci, la'akari da jiragen ruwa inadequately shirya. Ko bayan ƙarshen Rasha-Japanese War mai-kawu na sarki, ya dauki bangare a cikin shirye-shiryen da shirye-shirye da kuma shirin sake gina rafke a lokacin sojan ruwa yaƙin neman zaɓe.

Admiral kuma ya zama majiɓinci daga jirgin sama

A 1909 Grand Duke ya zama mataimakin-admiral. A wannan shekarar da mahaifinsa ya rasu, Mikhail Nikolaevich. Biyu shekarun da suka gabata, ya kasance gwamnan na Caucasus, ko a '24 - da shugaban majalisar gudanarwar kasar Sin. Mikhail da yara shida, da kuma Alexander rayu fiye da wani daga cikin 'yan'uwa.

A 1915, Grand Duke ya zama wani admiral. Duk da haka, da ayyukan da damuwa ba kawai rundunar motoci. Alexander ya yi mai yawa ga ci gaban kasa aeronautics. Yana yana kan himma a 1910 aka kafa Sevastopol jami'in jirgin sama makaranta. Bugu da ƙari, babban-kawu na sarki shi ne shugaban da na mallaka iska karfi. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, da Grand Duke binciki jiragen ruwa da kuma jirgin sama.

A juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa

A Fabrairu juyin juya halin abruptly canza rayuwar duk Romanovs. sarauta iyali mambobin da aka cire daga cikin sojojin. Alexander Mikhailovich aka sallame daga sabis, yayin da rike wani uniform. Gwamnatin wucin ya yarda da shi ya zauna a cikin nasa Crimean estate. Zai yiwu ne kawai dace tafi zuwa kudu tsĩrar da jama'a Romanova. Tare da shi a cikin Crimea koma Xenia Alexandrovna da 'ya'yansu.

Alexander bai bar Rasha har na karshe lokacin. A lokacin yakin basasa Crimea sau da yawa ya wuce daga hannu da hannu. Lokacin da ikon a kan sashin dan lokaci mayar da su cikin Bolsheviks, da Romanovs sun a cikin mutum hadari. Sa'an nan Crimea zo karkashin Jamus zama. Bayan da zaman lafiya na Brest da dogon gudanar da waje masõya daga cikin Entente White. Wannan lokacin da Alexander da iyalinsa yanke shawarar barin Rasha. A watan Disamba na shekarar 1918, sai ya tafi a kan wani Birtaniya jirgin zuwa Faransa.

ƙaura

A Paris, Alexander zama memba na Rasha taron siyasa. Wannan tsarin da aka kafa Soviet gwamnatin abokan adawar domin wakiltar bukatun kasarsa a Versailles taro. A karshen shekarar 1918 ta tsaya yakin duniya na farko da kuma yanzu ya lashe zaben kasar da ke faruwa ya yanke makomar Turai. Rasha, wanda kafin a Bolsheviks zo ikon gaskiya yin taƙawa zuwa Entente, aka hana wakilci a Versailles a raba zaman lafiya tare da Jamus. Magoya bayan da fari motsi kokarin kama da banner kika aika fita, amma ga wani wadãtar. Alexander kansa amfani duk da albarkatun lallashe waje iko kifar da Bolsheviks, amma kuma ya kasa.

Ƙoƙarin baƙi, kamar yadda ka sani ba, kuma ba su da wata fa'ida. Daga cikin da yawa Grand Duke tafi zuwa Turai, suna begen su dawo gida. Ya kasance da nisa daga kasancewa wani tsohon mutum, kwanan nan tako a kan dokin shekaru hamsin, da kuma sa ido ga makoma mai kyau. Duk da haka, kamar sauran fari baƙi, Alexander da kuma ya kasance har sai da ya rasu a baƙuwar ƙasa. Ya wurin zama sai ya zaɓi Faransa.

The Grand Duke ya memba na da yawa haure kungiyoyi. Ya jagoranci kungiyar Rasha soja matukan jirgin, da kuma dauki bangare a ayyukan kafa Petrom Vrangelem Rasha Soja Union. Romanov taimaka masu yawa yara a zaman gudun hijira a cikin mafi m matsayi.

A karshe shekaru na rayuwar dan uwan na Nicholas II tafi aikin nasu memoirs. A buga fom tunanin na Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich ( "Littafi na Memories") da aka buga a 1933 a wani Paris m. Marubucin mutu nan da nan bayan bayyanar aikinsa a cikin Stores. Ya mutu a kan Fabrairu 26, 1933 a cikin makõma garin Roquebrune a kan Cote d'Azur. Alpes-Maritimes da kuma zama da zama wurin hutãwa da ya rage na matar Grand Duke Xenia Alexandrovna. Ta aka tsira da mijinta na tsawon shekaru 27, ya mutu Afrilu 20, 1960 a Birtaniya Windsor.

Memoirs na Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich yau ne ban sha'awa tunawa a lokacin tarihin kasar. Bayan faduwar kwaminisanci, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na Romanov a gida, kazalika da yawa wasu wakilan daga gidan sarauta, da daular, karshe an mayar. A shekarar 2012, a St. Petersburg shi ne mai tagulla fasa. marubucin da abin tunawa zama sculptor kuma memba na Presidium na Rasha Academy of Arts Albert Charkin.