Alluvial kasa: faye hali da kuma rarrabuwa

Mene ne alluvial ƙasa? Halaye da kuma rarrabuwa daga wadannan kasa, za a ba da mu a cikin wannan labarin. Sunan kasa samu daga Latin kalma alluvio, wanda ke nufin "alluvium", "Yanã". Wannan bayyana etymology da kuma asalin kasa. Aka halitta su inwash koguna, da aka hada da barbashi kankara cewa kõguna kai daga babba ya kai ga ƙananan kuma bar ta bankuna a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa. Irin wannan abu ne ya kira alluvium. Shi ne sosai m saboda kogin sa ba kawai ma'adanai, amma kuma da nazarin halittu ragowar shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Nau'in m alluvial kasa. Bayan duk, kõguna suna da hydrological tsarin mulki. Daga cewa, da suka faru kamar yadda sau da yawa na kwalba da kuma kama wasu dalilai, shi ya dogara da abin da ƙasa sun samar a wasu yankunan. Bari mu dubi wadannan iri kasa a nuna.

Mene ne wani floodplain da kuma baranda

Kowane waterway kan ƙarni sannu a hankali amma steadily ya musanya masa a topography na dab ƙasar. Kuma da karin kogi, da mafi tsanani shi ne wannan tsari. Ta jarabce Coast. Daga wannan tashar zama fadi. Amma ban da bakin teku yashewa, kuma akwai wata mai zurfi tsari. A kogin cuts a cikin duhun gadonsa. Wannan tsari za a iya kwatanta ta da aikace-aikace na incision raunuka. A zurfi da wuka cizon, da girma da rashin daidaito na fata gefuna. Amma wannan kwatanta shi ne sosai matukar. Idan ka duba a cikin kõgi, kuma ta bankuna a kwance sashe, za ka iya zaɓar tasha, floodplain da kuma baranda. Tare da farko duk sarari - wannan shi ne wani wuri inda ruwa gudana. Akwai, a kasa na tara silt da sauran sediments. Floodplain - wani sashe na kogin kwarin, wanda ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin high ruwa. Kuma kowane lokaci da ya kwarara bar adibas a kan shi. Saboda wannan jari aiwatar samar alluvial gona. A baranda aka sau daya ma hankalta. Amma da kogin wanke tafi bakin tekun, kuma suka tarwatsa ta samar da wata m gangara. Baranda da kuma ambaliyar ruwa filayen ne ba a duk koguna. Alal misali, a canyons ruwa kõguna na gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu tsakanin wuya dutse kuma ba zai iya blur su.

Halaye na alluvial kasa

Wannan irin gona daukan kawai uku bisa dari na ƙasar. Amma ya ke dauke da mafi m. Bayan alluvial ƙasa - shi ne, a gaskiya, da kogin laka, arziki a cikin ma'adanai. Saboda haka, wadannan kasa suna mai daraja a fannin aikin gona. Ka tuna cewa duk na farko mutum wayewar da aka haife da kuma ci gaba a cikin koguna: Nilu, Yan Tszy da Yellow River, da Tigris da Euphrates. Wadannan waterways ba mutane da tati a kan wanda ya girma da arziki da amfanin gona ko da tare da wani m matakin na namo. Ko da a cikin zamani Misira duk kasar noma da aka mayar da hankali kawai a kan bankunan Kogin Nilu. A cikin floodplain alluvial kasa dake fadamun, wanda su ne mafi kyau makiyaya da kuma natsuwa bayarwa kiwon shanu domin hunturu. A kogin baranda ɓullo da viticulture. Da taimakon reclamation a cikin gandun daji yankunan da al'adar girma shinkafa. Floodplains suna da muhimmanci a cikin sana'ar kamun kifaye. Lalle ne, a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a can wuce spawn da asali matasa.

Nau'in alluvial kasa

A halayyar alama na wadannan kasa shi ne cewa su da sauri girma. Musamman shi shafi cikin yankunan da ambaliyar ruwa filayen. Wasu koguna da ambaliyar ruwa na faruwa a farkon bazara a lõkacin da snow narke, wasu - a cikin hunturu (Rum sauyin yanayi), da uku - a lokacin rani, lokacin da damina. Amma da hydrological gwamnatin azurta shekara-shekara mafi girma da kuma mafi ƙasƙanci (low ruwa) da kwarara rates. Ina da kogin a lokacin high ruwa ya fita da adibas, shi ne karfi accumulative tsari. Amma da alluvial floodplain kasa ne da iri-irin a cikin abun da ke ciki. Lokacin da Ruwan Tsufana ya zo, da kogi da kwarara ne sosai sauri kusa da gado. Saboda haka, a cikin jihar bakin teku na girma barbashi an ajiye - tsakuwa, yashi. Lokacin da ruwa ya fita, a wannan lokaci kafa rairayin bakin teku da kuma shafts. A kadan kara daga cikin kogin lokacin hankali. Akwai ake ajiye lafiya barbashi - yl, lãka. Akwai wurare na floodplain wanda suna cike a kowace shekara, amma kawai a cikin tsanani ambaliyar ruwa. Irin wannan mai lebur gona. A karshe, a kan baranda akwai Turf, gandun daji da kuma makiyaya kasa an hada da Bugu da kari alluvium.

rarrabuwa Dobrowolski

Mashahuri Academician Highlights da wadannan main iri gona, kafa da waɗansu kõguna ayyukan. GV Dobrovolsky bambanta kogin kasa, alluvium da suya tun daga tushensa. A bit m daga kogi ba, a cikin tsakiyar floodplain, wanda a kwaruruka kõguna iya isa dama kilomita a fadin, located makiyaya kasa. A alluvial kasa na fadama, located a gindin ƙananan terrace, da yawa daga humus da gleya. Amma da rarrabuwa na ilimi Dobrowolski ne m kawai ga Rasha kõguna sunã gudãna daga cikin baki daga cikin filayen da temperate nahiyar sauyin yanayi. A sauran halitta yankunan ba zai iya shiga ta hanyar aiwatar da waterlogging na terrace yankunan.

A tasiri na sauyin yanayi da kuma ruwan karkashin kasa

A kogin taka wata rawa da muhimman hakkokin a cikin samuwar alluvial kasa. Yana ta sediments shirya a kan bankunan da ruwan tsufana a fili. Amma kuma a kan alluvial gona yana da wani yanayi tasiri, musamman ruwan sama. A gumi yankunan da acidic kasa. Tare da rage a cikin adadin ruwan sama da ƙasa zama mafi tsaka tsaki. Alkaline kasa suna kafa a cikin m yankunan. Ruwan karkashin kasa kuma suna da wani tasiri a kan ƙasa. Duk da haka, impermanent. A cikin tsawon low ruwa da kuma fari ruwan karkashin kasa je zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Amma a damana da kuma ambaliyar ruwa, suna da wani sakamako. A aquifer iya kai wa ga waterlogging na gona, ba su da wani musamman mineralization. Musamman tsanani shi ne aka nuna a cikin tsakiyar da kuma terrace ɓangare na floodplain.

Kasa daga kafofin zuwa bakin kogin

Kullum kõguna suna haife shi a duwatsu. Kananan rafi har yanzu ba shi da ikon don wanke kau da bankuna. Kuma ya ci gaba da gudana tsakanin masu wuya dutse. Amma ruwan yana blurs salts Bears silica da kwayoyin abubuwa, da oxides na manganese da baƙin ƙarfe, gypsum da alli, chloride da sodium sulfate. A cikin manya kai na dutse kõguna alluvium m, gina na pebbles da m yashi. Ruwa gudana lebur na Rasha da daban-daban hydrography. Suna haife shi a swamps. Kuma saboda floodplain alluvial kasa, ko da a cikin sama kai na kõguna gudanar da wani mahimmin juzu'in humus. A tsakiyar kai na kwaruruka kõguna meander kuma sau da yawa canza su gado. Rage gudun da kogin, yin ruwa a shi ya zama m, mineralized, kuma a cikin wani gumi sauyin yanayi da aka ma oxidized. Wannan shi ne mafi tasiri kai tsaye a kan samuwar alluvial kasa. Delta a irin ruwa-ruwa Refayawa kamar yadda Volga Yenissei, Don, shi ne branched zuwa fada cikin hannun riga. A cikin ƙananan kai na da alluvial tsari ne mafi tsanani. Akwai ake ajiye humus, da yumɓun, ₃ SaS0 salts, potassium fili, sodium, manganese, da baƙin ƙarfe.

Alluvial sod kasa

Wadannan kasa suna located in nan da nan kusanci na kogin, ta gangaren gaba. Suna halin a sosai kananan adadin humus a cikin abun da ke ciki. Ko da yake wadannan wuraren flooded kowace shekara floodplain, da kogin sa akwai kawai wani m alluvium - m yashi, shingle. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwa kafa ridges, wanda aka sa'an nan wanke tafi da hazo. A alluvial kasa na sod kadan gleying, su inji tsarin. Top Layer - a kananan kauri friable sod. Kasa ya ta'allaka bakin ciki humus sararin sama. Its nisa, dangane da gabar teku da ciyayi iya isa uku zuwa ashirin da santimita. Ko kasan mai shirya haske irin zane. Saboda haka matalauta a humus kasa ba ban sha'awa domin aikin noma.

Mene ne hanyõyi alluvial ƙasa

A bit m daga cikin kogin gado, da bakin teku shafts, suna yankunan da ake flooded kowace shekara, amma kawai a cikin karfi komowar ruwa (a Rasha - bayan wani musamman ake yin dusar ƙanƙara winters). Saboda haka, shaida na mai ruwa-ruwa rafi na haske irin zane (duwatsu, yashi) ne alternated da yadudduka na humus, wanda aka generated daga narkewa daga makiyaya ciyayi. Lebur alluvial gona, da bambanci ga Turf ƙasa, mafi ban sha'awa ga aikin noma. A wadannan lebur yankunan ambaliya waje kiwo shanu manoman ko yin amfani da su a karkashin hay. A profile mai lebur alluvial gona Layer na humus da talatin zuwa arba'in da santimita lokacin farin ciki. Wannan ba ka damar girma lush makiyaya ciyayi da kuma shrubs. Sod ne ma ba a profile, amma wannan bakin ciki Layer - game da biyar santimita. Kasa da aka gleyed hanyõyi alluvium. Inji abun da ke ciki na kasar gona a cikin mutum.

Alluvial-makiyaya kasa

Sun zauna da yafi tsakiya filayen da floodplains. Wadannan kasa an hada da loamy ko yashi loam slabosloistymi River sediments. M ruwan karkashin kasa har ma a lokutan fari feed ciyawa lush ciyayi. Saboda haka, a cikin wani profile kafa iko topsheet lafiya grained humus nailivaniya. Aquifer a zurfin yawanci kasa da mita, capillary ciyarwa makiyaya ciyayi. A kasa na kasar gona profile an kiyaye gleying. Humus alluvial-makiyaya kasa na uku da kashi fiye da a mai lebur. Idan ruwan karkashin kasa ne ma mineralized, a kan irin wannan wuraren ne masu tasowa floodplain solodized subtypes ko m kasa. Babba da tasiri a kan ƙasa samuwar yana da ciyayi. Bishiyoyi da shrubs kafa podzolized subtype alluvial makiyaya gona.

fadama kasa

A magudanun depressions, wanda yawanci lura a nearterrace yankin na kogin kwarin, da gumi sauyin yanayi a can ne stagnation na aiwatar ruwa. Bayan aquifer zo daga gangara zuwa ambaliya surface. Dukkan wadannan dalilai (ƙasa ruwa, gumi sauyin yanayi, ciki taimako) kai ga cewa irin wannan wuraren ne masu tasowa alluvial fadama kasa. Suna halin nauyi irin zane, arziki a peat, gleying. A wannan hasashe raya fadama ciyayi, wani lokacin Willows. ogleevaniya matakai faruwa tare da alluvial adibas. Bugu da kari, kasar gona qara saboda da jari na humus. Domin irin wannan nau'in dauki primers iya zama ko dai acidic ko weakly alkaline.

ƙasa baranda

Kada mu manta cewa, babban bankunan na koguna, ma, folded alluvial adibas. Kawai suka - girmi mafi daga cikin floodplain kasa. A cikin ƙarni, kuma ko da millennia a kan baranda kafa wani lokacin farin ciki Layer sauran filaye - gandun daji podzolic, makiyaya, black duniya. Amma a karkashin wannan samuwar karya duk wannan alluvial gona.