American jaridu. American jaridar "The Times". American jaridu da mujallu

A American al'umma - a gwada matasa. Yana da aka kafa a cikin marigayi karni na sha takwas, da kuma muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan tsari da aka buga ta latsa. Farashin siyasa ambata gangan understated, sakamakon American jaridu aka daraja duk dinari ko biyu. Saboda haka, latsa ya daina zama dukiya daga cikin manya azuzuwan na al'umma, da kuma tabbatar da shi jama'a. Editions basira amfani. Su ba kawai kawo sabon bayani, amma kuma haifar da musamman ra'ayi, a gaskiya, sabawa da jama'a sani. A sakamakon haka, Amurka, latsa ya zama na farko a duniya a cikin abin da ake kira "hudu ikon".

labarin

Wasu American jaridu watakila mafi m US statehood. Alal misali, "New Hampshire Gazette" da aka kafa a 1756, "Hartford Courant" - a cikin 1764, da kuma "Augusta Chronicle" - a 1785. A haihuwa-Ms. akwai daga mafi mashahuri wallafe. Alal misali, "New York Post" - daya daga cikin manyan jaridu, wanda wurare dabam dabam ne game da ɗari shida da ashirin da dubu biyar kofe, da aka kafa a 1801. Mutane da yawa da gudummawar da popularization na periodicals a kasar kere farashin. A 1850, jimlar wurare dabam dabam na duk dailies ya biyu da rabi miliyan kofe, da kuma weeklies - hudu sau da yawa -. Ten miliyan Gaskiya, yayin da fasaha na aikin jarida ɓullo da farko a New York, yayin da wasu jaridu da aka iyakance zuwa sauki reprint articles, kuma ru labarai na gida. Na dodanni na biyu da rabi na karni na sha tara, yana da daraja na musamman ambaci "Herald": jaridar a 1860, da gaba cikin sharuddan wurare dabam dabam daga cikin shahararrun London "Times"! Kuma cewa Amurka da girmamawa ga haihuwar wannan nau'o'i a matsayin "rawaya latsa" da kuma aikin jaridar da bincike.

Juyawa zuwa hudu ikon

Saboda reprint a kafafen yada labarai, da m American jaridar New York da yawa fiye da masu karatu fiye da ya su dabam dabam. Karuwan da kuma yankin na rarraba su buga kayan. Alal misali, a version na "New York Tribune" da'awar cewa su karanta game da mutane miliyan, ko da yake buga gudu ya kadan fiye da dubu ɗari uku kofe. A kan tabbacin "Herald", wasu jaridu mallakar samun kudin shiga mafi girma daga jihar kasafin kudin. Kuma saboda su gyara ba don magudi da 'yan siyasa. Sun shafe su. Bazawa zai kai ga nasara a zaben na musamman jam'iyyar ko juya duk wani jama'a adadi a siyasa gawar. "Herald" mai suna kafofin watsa labarai canji tsari a cikin daya daga cikin rassan ikon a kasar (ta huɗu, bayan da majalisu, zartarwa da kuma na shari'a) ilimi ci gaba.

New aikin jarida: rawaya latsa

Wannan salo zai iya sun taso ne kawai a Amurka da kuma babu inda kuma. "The American Dream", bisa ga abin da sauki shoemaker iya zama miliyoniya, ya sa ban sha'awa daga cikin mafi girman taro na yawan zuwa sirri rai na Elite. Articles ba kawai kawo bayanai, ko da wani aiki, suka yi niyya tada karfi da motsin zuciyarmu (ko da yake a gaskiya, dalilin shi ne, ba shi daraja). Asali, wannan salo aka kira «adam-sha'awa labaru» (watau, labarai cewa gaya game da mutane da kuma su kasawan). A labarin da maida hankali ne akan laifi labarai, scandals a high jama'a, da kuma jima'i. Majagaba na wannan salo ya zama George. Pulitzer, gangarawa a lokacin (da eighties karni na sha tara), "New York DUNIYA," kuma William Hurst na "New York Journal". Platform for rigima articles ne irin American jaridu na Big Apple kamar yadda The New York Tribune, «Herald" da kuma "The New York Sun" (Lahadi kari ga "Times").

investigative aikin jarida

Figures na abin kunya, a hankali boye daga jama'a samu na manema labarai da ake kira "muckrakers". Yan jarida da suka gudanar da wani zaman kanta bincike, yana da, kamar paparazzi ga tabloids, to shiga bayan shinge na masu zaman kansu Villas kuma haɗi zuwa da ayyukan da wannan ɗan leƙen asiri kayan aiki. Amma da hatsari abu ya daraja shi: da jama'a albashi da sakamakon da bincike kona sha'awa, kuma, saboda haka, kudi. Duk da haka, irin wannan m labarai da kuma masana tarihi. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na binciken aikin jarida "clambered fita" Watergate al'amarinsu. Wannan ya kawo marar lalacewa laurels labaru Carl Benstaynu. A zamaninmu, sai ya ɗauki kan baton na Maykl Mur, wanda gudanar da bincike kansa da kuma bayar da kinoreportazh "Fahrenheit 9/11." Har ila yau a cikin wannan salo sabon aikin jarida tabbatar da Bob Vudvort da Tomas Vulf. American jaridu, wanda aka buga sakamakon wannan bincike, positioned kanta a matsayin mai littafin, tsara don ci-gaba (yayin da ya ce "elitist") karatu, "The New Yorker", "Esquire", "ze Atlantic Monthly" da kuma kama.

Idon a Amurka

Hakika, da siyasa scandals ba bukatar da iko. Kuma a cikin Amurka, kamar yadda a wasu kasashe, da kamfanoni, da hukumomi, jam'iyyun da yan siyasa mutum kokarin hana aikin 'yan jarida. American jaridu da mujallu samu lawsuits a kan zargin da defamation, ko siyasa ba daidai ba. Amma babban makiyin latsa - ne Pentagon. Known kungiyar "Reporters Without Borders" a dubu biyu da na uku shekarar da ake zargi da ma'aikatar tsaron cewa shi chinilo shãmaki 'yan jarida rufe events a Iraki. Wani tsohon ma'aikacin na "CNN En" Christina Borzhesson ce cewa Pentagon yana kokarin sarrafa duk bayanai game da aikin soja. Duk da haka, matakin da 'yancin magana da kariya ga' yan jaridan a Amurka ne da ya fi yadda a wasu kasashe, da kuma musamman a Rasha.

A Amirka, latsa kuma tattalin arziki na duniya rikicin

Amma kuwa ba lafiya. Gaskiyar cewa ba zan iya yi katsalandan Ya sanya duniya rikicin. Hakika, da yawa hukumomin fara nuna labarai a rumfa format, amma duk da haka jihar na lokaci-lokaci masana'antu ne a halin yanzu ba a cikin mafi kyau siffar. A farkon 2008, akwai game da goma sha biyar da ɗari kullum jaridu da kuma fiye da dubu shida mako-mako. Shi ne kawai a kan gaba watanni goma sha biyu da aka aza kashe 16 dubu da 'yan jarida, a rufe 388 mujallu da jaridu 120. Rocky Mountain News, wanda aka buga ci gaba for ɗari da hamsin shekaru, ya daina wanzuwa. Ayyana fatarar rike The Times kafofin watsa labarai kamfanin Tribune Company. A musamman American jarida a Turanci «The Kirista Science Monitor» tsaya wallafa a kan takarda da kuma juya a cikin wani online hanya. A fili yake cewa a irin wannan yanayi wallafa wuya a kula da Editorial 'yancin kai.

American jaridu a Rasha

A Amurka, gida da yawa daban-daban kasashe, don haka a cikin jaridar masana'antu a kasar kabilanci latsa ne ba na karshe. Baƙi daga tsohon Tarayyar Soviet da damar ka koyi da latest news a Rasha. Wannan, ba shakka, ba tsarin sautinsu. Mafi yawa daga cikin Rasha-harshen bugu kawai zo daga zarar wata daya ko a mako. "Rasha House" (a Atlanta), New York "New World" da kuma «A Dallas tangarahu» daga cikin mafi shahara a cikin Soviet sassan duniya ne. Abin baƙin ciki, American jaridu a Rasha ba su kunshe a saman goma mafi m wallafe. Wannan shi ne saboda da rashin sana'a da 'yan jarida da kuma masu gyara. Amma da Rasha-magana sassan duniya girma ya ba da bege da cewa halin da ake ciki zai canza zuwa ga alheri.

A mafi m US bazawa

Kuna hukunta daga shahararsa na wurare dabam dabam girma, da fari ne USA Today ( «USA Today»). Daga cikin kasuwanci jagora a cikin littafin na The Wall Street Journal (shi ne don haka ya kira girmama na New York tituna Walt Street, inda da flurry na Brokerage da banki). Sauran sananne American jaridu ne, yafi tushen a cikin manyan birane da jihohi manya. Wannan ne "Los Angeles Times", "A Chicago Tribune", "Washington Post", "Denver Post", "Dallas Morning News", "Houston Chronicle," "Philadelphia Inkvayer". Saboda hadisin da uncrowned babban birnin kasar na jaridar masana'antu zauna New York. Akwai zo wadannan "diehards" tare da babbar circulations, kamar New York Daily News da kuma New York Post.

American jaridar "New York Times"

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin Birtaniya jaridar ne The Times ( «Lokaci»). Ba sai an fada ba tare da katsewa tun 1785. Wane ne wannan ɗaba'ar nasa ne Rupert Murdoch ta kafofin watsa labarai rike News Corporation. A lahadi, da aikace-aikace da ke "Dubi A Lahadi Times". Don ingratiate kansa m dama a farkon, da yawa jaridu sun aro wannan sonorous sunan. A Amirka, jaridar The Times da aka kafa Satumba 18, 1851. Daga ranar da ta je fita ba tare da katsewa. Yana da aka kafa a matsayin wani yanki batun, amma saboda hukuma take da shi sauti The New York Times (New York Times). A cikin ranking na shahararsa tsakanin Amirka Danna jarida ya mamaye cikin uku wuri (bayan USA Today, kuma The Wall Street Journal). Its 'yan jarida ɗari da goma sha biyu sau bayar da lambar yabo ta Pulitzer, kuma ya zo wa milyan talatin, wata-wata da masu karatu a kan ta website. Da zuwan na Internet version of taken na jaridar canza. A baya can, ya kara kamar, "Muna da dukkan labarai cewa kawai za ka iya buga." Yanzu taken ne kadan daban-daban. Yana sauti: "Muna da dukkan labarai, wanda za ka iya kawai danna". Wajibi ne a bayyana cewa, a karkashin lakabi da "The Times" a Amurka zo daga mako-mako labarai mujallar. Its hedkwatar ne ma located in New York. Yana da aka kafa a shekarar 1923 kuma tun sa'an nan ya lashe farko wuri a cikin ranking na shahararsa tsakanin Amirka mujallu. Its wurare dabam dabam a 2007 uku da rabi miliyan kofe.