Argon - shi ne na musamman kashi na lokaci-lokaci tsarin

Dukanmu mun san cewa argon da ake amfani da waldi jũna karafa, amma ba kowa da kowa zato, cewa shi ne da sinadaran kashi. Amma duk da haka da tarihi shi ne mai arziki a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. Ambata cewa, argon - ne na kwarai misali na lokaci-lokaci tebur, abin da ba ya analogues. The masanin kimiyyar kansa mamaki a lokacin da yadda ya iya taba samun a nan.

A yanayi ƙunshi game da 0.9% na wannan gas. Kamar nitrogen, shi ne tsaka tsaki da kuma odorless. Don ya raya rai, ba ya shige, amma shi ne kawai irreplaceable a wasu yankunan na mutum aiki.

A kadan tarihi

Yana da aka fara gano wani Banasare da kuma wani likita ta horar G. Cabendish, wanda ya lura da kasancewar a cikin iska na wani sabon abu, wanda yake shi ne resistant zuwa sinadaran hari. Abin baƙin ciki, Cabendish bai gano yanayin da sabon gas. A kadan fiye da shekara ɗari daga baya, shi ne lura da kuma wani masanin kimiyyar - John William Strutt. Ya zo domin ya Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa nitrogen daga cikin iska akwai wasu admixture na gas na unknown asalin, amma shi ne argon ko wani abu dabam, ya iya ba tukuna fahimta.

Lokacin da gas bai amsa tare da daban-daban karafa, chlorine, acid, alkalis. Wannan shi ne, daga wani sinadaran ra'ayi kwashe inert hali. Duk da haka wani mamaki shi ne gano - sabon gas kwayoyin hada da daya kawai zarra. Kuma a wancan lokaci, a irin wannan gas abun da ke ciki shi ne har yanzu ba a sani ba.

Sadarwa da jama'a game da sabon gas ya sa a cikin wani tura zuwa masana kimiyya da dama daga ko'ina cikin duniya - kamar yadda shi yiwuwa a kau da kai da sabon gas a cikin iska domin da yawa bincike da gwaje-gwajen?! Amma gano yi imani ba duk masana kimiyya, ciki har da Mendeleev. Bisa ga atomic taro na sabon gas (39.9), shi ya kamata Range tsakanin potassium (39.1) da alli (40.1), amma matsayin da aka riga sun shagaltar.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, argon - a gas tare da wani arziki da kuma wani jami'in labarin. Ga wasu lokaci an manta, amma sabon gas a hukumance gane bayan gano helium. Aka yanke shawarar janye raba sifili matsayi ga shi, located in tsakanin halogens kuma Alkali karafa.

Properties

Daga cikin sauran inert gas da cewa ana bayar da wuya kungiyar, argon an dauki mafi sauki. Its taro ya wuce da nauyin da iska a 1,38 sau. The ruwa gas Saide a zazzabi na -185,9 ° C, da kuma a -189,4 ° C da kuma al'ada matsa lamba ta taurare.

Na helium da Neon, argon, halin a cewa shi ne iya narke a cikin ruwa - at 20 digiri a wani adadin 3.3 ml da ɗaya da ɗari grams na ruwa. Amma a wani yawan kwayoyin mafita gas dissolves mafi alhẽri. Gurbin lantarki sa shi ya yi haske, saboda haka ya zama da amfani da ko'ina a cikin lighting kayan aiki.

Masana kimiyyar halitta gano wani amfani dukiya, wanda yana da argon. Wannan irin yanayi inda shuka bunƙasa, wanda an tabbatar da gwaje-gwajen. Saboda haka, yayin da a cikin yanayi, dasa da tsaba na shinkafa, masara, kokwamba da hatsin rai ba da sprouts. A wani yanayi inda 98% ne argon da kuma 2% - for oxygen, da kyau sprout irin kayan lambu amfanin gona, irin karas, latas, da kuma albasa.

Mene ne musamman halayyar da abun ciki na wannan gas a duniya ta ɓawon burodi fi yawa da sauran abubuwa a cikin kungiyar. Its m abun ciki - 0,04 g da tonne. Wannan shi ne 14 sau da adadin helium da kuma sau 57 - Neon. Game da sararin samaniya kewaye da mu, shi a can ma fi, musamman a cikin daban-daban taurari da kuma nebulae. A cewar wasu kimomi, a wani argon sarari shimfiɗa ba mafi girma daga chlorine, phosphorus, alli da potassium, wanda suke da cikakken a duniya.

samun gas

A argon cylinders a cikin abin da muka akai-akai saduwa, shi ne wani zama tushen. Haka kuma, a wani hali da ya koma da yanayi saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da yin amfani da su canja a cikin jiki ko kuma sinadaran sharuddan. A togiya iya zama lokuta na amfani da adadi kaɗan na argon isotopes a samar da sabon isotopes da abubuwa a cikin shakka daga makaman nukiliya halayen.

A masana'antu, da gas samar da rabuwa cikin oxygen da kuma nitrogen ne iska. A sakamakon gas da aka haife matsayin byproduct. A saboda wannan dalili musamman masana'antu kayan aiki da biyu biyu gyãrawa ginshikan high da kuma low matsa lamba da kuma wani tsaka-tsaki condenser-evaporator. Bugu da kari, sharar ammonia samarwa za a iya amfani da su samar da argon.

fanni na aikace-aikace

Bigiren argon yana da dama yankunan:

• masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci.
• metallurgy.
• bincike da gwaje-gwajen.
• waldi.
• lantarki.
• masana'antu na mota.

Wannan shi ne tsaka tsaki gas ciki lantarki lapochek cewa slows da danshin da tungsten nada ciki. Saboda wannan dukiya ne yadu amfani dangane da wannan gas waldi na'ura. Argon sa m shiga sassa na aluminum da duralumin.

Tartsatsi samu gas don ƙirƙirar wani m da inert yanayi. Yana da kullum dole ga zafi magani na karafa, da su cikin sauƙi batun hadawan abu da iskar shaka. A lu'ulu'u girma sosai a cikin wani argon yanayi kafin su sami wani semiconductor kashi ko matsananci-m kayan.

Amfani ko rashin amfani da aikace-aikace na argon a waldi

Game da waldi argon ba wasu abũbuwan amfãni. Da farko, da karfe sassa a lokacin waldi ba haka zafi. Wannan zai kawar da nakasawa. Ga wasu abũbuwan amfãni sun hada da:

• dogara da kariya na Weld.
• kudi na argon waldi ne yafi hakan.
• tsari ne mai sauki don sarrafa.
• waldi iya zama mechanized ko cikakken tuba zuwa atomatik yanayin.
• zai yiwu mu hada sassa daban-daban na karafa.

A lokaci guda, argon waldi da ya shafi wani yawan disadvantages:

• waldi auku ultraviolet radiation.
• ga m halin yanzu baka zama dole ingancin sanyaya;
• kalubale aiki a bude iska ko zayyana.

Duk da haka, gaban haka abũbuwan amfãni mãsu yawa yana da wuya a rashin sanin cikakken farashi da darajar argon waldi.

rigakafi

Lokacin amfani argon ya zama m. Ko da yake gas mai guba ne, amma zai iya sa shaƙuwa da ya maye gurbin oxygen ko liquefying shi. Saboda haka muhimmiyar don sarrafa adadin Yã ₂ a iska (a kalla 19%) ta wajen musamman na'urorin, manual ko atomatik.

Aiki tare da ruwa da gas na bukatar matsananci hankali kamar yadda argon low zazzabi za a sa mai tsanani frostbite na fata da kuma lalacewar da ido da harsashi. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da fitattun idanu da kuma overalls. Mutane masu bukatar gudanar da aikin a karkashin wani argon yanayi, bukatar sa masks ko wasu insulating oxygen na'urorin.