'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga wannan shuka .... 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - Biology

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - wani m harsashi ga tsaba na shuke-shuke. Suna iya zama daban-daban a cikin launi, siffar, size da kuma iyawa, amma su duka suna da irin wannan tsarin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - cewa kayan lambu da' ya'yan itãce, da kuma berries, kuma Birch catkins da kwayoyi. Zai ze cewa su ne quite daban-daban, amma duk suka yi yawa a kowa.

tsarin

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - mai hade da abubuwa da ake nufi da kare da tsaba daga waje yanayi da kuma ƙara chances na germination. Har ila yau, da ake tsara don yada da tsaba a kan mafi girma zai yiwu nesa. Wannan na iya faruwa da iska, ruwa, da dabbobi. A 'ya'yan itatuwa kunshi sassa uku: cikin endocarp, mesocarp da ekzokarpiya. A farko - shi ne ciki harsashi, shi ne located kai tsaye kusa da iri (ko 'yan). Mesocarp - Tunica, ekzokarpy - waje. Wadannan uku Tsarin ake hada a pericarp ko pericarp. A mafi yawan lokuta, fata ne wakilta ekzokarpy (a cikin 'ya'yan itace), ko harsashi (y goro). Endocarp - shi ne sau da yawa na 'ya'yan itace, wanda aka cinye ta dabbobi da kuma mutum. A mesocarp za a iya gani, misali, kamar yadda wani farin harsashi tsakanin ɓangaren litattafan almara da kwasfa daga orange. Duk da haka, akwai aka ware wa wadannan dokoki. Domin apples, misali, da endocarp da aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na m faranti kusa da tsaba, da kuma nama - shi mesocarp.

A 'ya'yan itatuwa ne daban-daban

Sun kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin, dangane da bayyanar da wasu tsarin fasali. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - a kwayoyi da kuma cherries, da kuma acorns - su duk da irin wannan tsarin, amma a lokaci guda kuma da yawa bambance-bambance.

rarrabuwa

'ya'yan itatuwa da tsire-tsire ya kasu kashi biyu manyan kungiyoyin: bushe da m. Na biyu, sabanin na farko, su ne ɓangaren litattafan almara. Dry fall cikin polyspermous (korobochkovidnye) da kuma seeded (orehovidnye), m - da kuma a kan kostyankovidnye yagodovidnye. Kowace daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyin kawo tare daban-daban na 'ya'yan itace. Akwai da yawa. Saboda haka, domin korobochkovidnym hada da irin 'ya'yan itãce da shuke-shuke, kamar wake kwafsa silicle, jakar, qasidarki akwatin. Orehovidnye gabatar weevil, lionfish, achene, kwaya da kuma goro. By kostyankovidnym shafi kawai m drupe. Yagodovidnye irin 'ya'yan itatuwa suna hade a matsayin Berry, kankana, apple. Bari mu dubi kowane daga cikin wadannan a more daki-daki.

bushe korobochkovidnye

A farko wakilan wannan kungiya - wake. Wannan 'ya'yan da aka samu a duk tsire-tsire na iyali na legumes. Ya kunshi daya carpel yana da biyu seams a kan wanda shi ne mai yiwuwa a bude. Yana unilocular 'ya'yan. Shuke-shuke da legumes: wake, Peas, lupins, da waken soya, mimosa, Clover, wisteria.

A gaba da irin - pods da struchochki. Wannan 'ya'yan kayan lambu cruciferous iyali, wanda ya kasance a cikin kabeji, mustard, latas, kabeji da horseradish, da sauransu. Ya bambanta daga baya daya, wanda shi ne bilocular yana da biyu carpels. Box - kuma korobochkovidny bushe 'ya'yan. A mafi yawa ana sanya manya-manyan yawan kananan tsaba. Irin 'ya'yan kunshi wadannan shuke-shuke: poppy, henbane, albasa, Datura. Da tsarin iya samun daya ko fiye carpels. By hanyar kuranye daga kwalaye kuma iya bambanta. A poppies, misali, da kwalaye da ramuka, daga henbane - iyakoki da maye - leaf, a pinks - cloves.

Bushe 'ya'yan itãcen marmari orehovidnye

Farko daga gare su, ya kamata a yi, ba shakka, kwayoyi.

Its main bambancin - woody m harsashi. Wadannan 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsire-tsire kamar gyada, pterokariya, California, black, Manchurian kwayoyi. Similar 'ya'yan siffofin da kuma Hazel - wannan shi ne kwayoyi, su ne na kananan size, kuma suna da taushi da harsashi. Har ila yau a cikin wannan kungiya shi nasa ne da achene. Wannan 'ya'yan itacen yana da wani leathery husk, wanda ba srastrayutsya tsaba. Kamanninsa slozhnotsvetkovye yawa shuke-shuke, ya fi na kowa, kuma yadu da aka sani na wanda - sunflower. Shi ne kuma aster, daisy, marigold, masu ɗaci, Dandelion, teasel da yawa wasu. Weevil ma nasa ne wannan kungiya ta 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Shi ne na hali na shuke-shuke ciyawa iyali, wanda hadawa amfanin gona, irin hatsin rai, alkama, gero, bluegrass, bamboo, gashin tsuntsu, da sauransu. Wannan irin 'ya'yan itace ne daban-daban leathery pericarp, wanda aka Fused da endocarp.

Next view - lionfish. Shi ne da 'ya'yan itace na Maple itace da ash. Yana yana da wani leathery pericarp membranous reshe-dimbin yawa aiwatar da abin da tsaba za a iya yada da iska a wani dogon nesa daga iyaye itace.

m yagodovidnye

Da farko wadannan sun hada da apples. Suna halin membranous Kwayoyin a cikin abin da tsaba suna located, da kuma ~ angaren litattafan almara kafa a lokacin Fusion na shambura da kuma ovaries flower. Babu wannan amfanin ya ƙunshi ba kawai wani apple itacen, da dukan tsire-tsire na iyali na ruwan hoda pear, dutsen ash, hawthorn, Quince, da sauransu. Har ila yau, wannan kungiyar hada berries, wanda da fleshy succulent pericarp. Bã su da irin shuke-shuke suna: currants, blueberries, cranberries, gooseberries, tumatir, kiwi, eggplant, banana da sauransu. Sabanin ga sanannen imani, ceri kuma rasberi - shi ne ba da berries da drupes. By lzheyagodam hada da strawberries da strawberries da rosehips - wani tarin 'ya'yan - mnogooreshki. Biyu na farko real 'ya'yan itace (kwayoyi) suna located waje tsarin (farin dige), da kuma karshen - a ciki. Saita na kwayoyi da kuma masu Birch catkins. Har ila yau, yana nufin makaranta yagodovidnym kankana. Yana yana da m jiki, amma woody ekzokarpiem. Saboda haka 'ya'yan itacen yana da wani kabewa, kankana (cewa shi ne mai Berry - ma m), kankana, kokwamba.

Kostyankovidnye

Shi ne kuma subgroup na m 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Its kawai wakilin - drupe. An halin a cewa 'ya'yan tsaba irin wannan ne a cikin kashi, a karkashin husk da ciwon wuya m harsashi da aka yi nufi ga ƙarin kariya. Drupe iya ƙunsar daya ko dama ƙasũsuwa. Misalai na irin wannan plum, ceri, kwakwa, peach, apricot, Cranberry. Akwai ma hadaddun 'ya'yan kafa da dama drupes. Yana raspberries, blackberries.

Wannan kare husk?

A karkashin wadannan uku envelopes ne daya ko fiye tsaba. Bari mu dubi su tsari. All flowering shuke-shuke kasu kashi monocots da dicots - ya dogara a kan yadda yawa cotyledons da su tsaba.

Tsaba monocotyledonous shuke-shuke kunshi guda cotyledon, plumule, kara, tushen, daga abin da, a gaskiya, kafa ta wani sabon shuka, endosperm da iri gashi, ne yawanci Fused da pericarp. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da tsaba irin wannan ne, misali, pods da struchechki. shi ne kuma wani lokacin wani akwatin (a Tulip, Lily), akalla - mai Berry.

A tsaba na dicotyledonous shuke-shuke suna bambanta da ciwon biyu cotyledons. Kila ne daban-daban daga baya wadanda a da su da zuriyarsu gashi kusan ba Fused da pericarp. Wadannan tsaba za a iya sanya shi a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da irin matsayin drupe, apple, kwafsa, achene da sauransu.

Hanyar for yaduwa daga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da tsaba

Su za a iya rarraba via wani "tsaka" ko ba tare da shi. Saboda haka, wasu tsire-tsire emit su tsaba daga 'ya'yan bayyana (sau da yawa wake). Har ila yau, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari iya kawai fada saukar a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da m karfi na da nauyi. Amma mafi sau da yawa suna ɗauke da iska, dabbobi ko mutane, kazalika da ruwa. Don yin wannan, 'ya'yan itãcen sau da yawa da ƙarin na'urorin, kamar Dandelion pappus (fluff, girma daga cikin pericarp, da taimakon wanda yake da baza tare da iska).