Astronomical Pulkovo Observatory

Pulkovo Observatory - wani ma'aikata wanda aka nasaba, da dukan tarihin Rasha ilmin taurari. Da farko an yi amfani da matsayin wuri domin lura, wanda suka zama dole yanayin kasuwanci tsarist daular. Observatory aka halitta kuma su warware matsalolin da m ilmin taurari. Its grand bude da aka gudanar a ranar 08.19.1839, da

Tarihi na halittar kasa observatories

An gabatar da Bitrus da Great don nazarin da yawa daga cikin ainihin sciences da su m aikace-aikace. A daidai wannan lokaci na samu wani goyon baya ga ci gaban ilmin taurari da kuma da inganta nasarar da irin wannan ƙaunataccen Sarkin kewayawa. Tafiya a kusa da Ingila da kuma Denmark, Bitrus I , lalle zã kokarin ziyarci wadannan kasashe sanye take astronomical Observatory.

A 1724 ya kafa Academy of Sciences. Shekara guda daga baya, da bude daga Rasha ta farko astronomical Observatory, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau a Turai. Petr Veliky biya mai girma da hankali ga equipping da ma'aikata. All samuwa a lokacin da kayan aiki nuna a kan manyan sikelin da gudanar da bincike.

Da bude daga cikin Pulkovo Observatory

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve kafa wani sabon makaranta na ilmin taurari. Wannan ya kai ga halittar wannan sabon ma'aikata fuskantarwa. Sun zama Pulkovo Observatory, wanda ginin da aka gina ta shahara m A. P. Bryullova. musamman m wuri da aka zaba don wannan makaman.

Pulkovo Observatory aka gina bisa tudu, da tsawo na 75 mita saman teku matakin. A daya hannun Pulkovo aka kewaye da fadamun. Wannan hujja damar don kauce wa taushẽwarsu da gudanar da bincike na hazo da kura da kuma cimma da ake so nuna gaskiya ga iska lura. Bugu da kari, V. Ya. Struve, wanda ya zama na farko darektan na ma'aikata, da aka tabbatar da cewa nesa daga arewacin babban birnin kasar na goma sha bakwai mil zai zama da amfani a ilmin Taurari, ba tare da ya ba su wata damar da fun.

babban ayyuka

Pulkovo Observatory tun ta bude ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ilmin taurari. A wannan yanayin, shi ne wajaba zama da aka sani da astronomical babban birnin kasar na duniya. Godiya ga kokarin da Observatory V. Ya. Struve ya latest domin na lokaci da kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin aiki. Bugu da kari, ta library asusun kunshi mafi kyau tarin na musamman wallafe-wallafe.

Observatory zana a raga a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. The main manufofin da abin da suke warware bincike ma'aikatan ne kamar haka:

- m, kuma a lokaci guda inganta lura da taimakawa ga ci gaba na ilmin taurari.

- samar da lura, da sakamakon wanda ke da muhimmanci ga Empire, kazalika da ta yanayin da kuma kasuwanci manufa.

- Gudanarwa kyautata m ilmin taurari, ta karbuwa ga kewayawa da labarin kasa.

kayan aiki

Akwai hanyoyi na ƙwarai Observatory kayan aiki da aka samar ta hanyar V. Ya. Struve. A wannan yanayin, Vasily Yakovlevich zo daga kyakkyawar fahimtar abin da bayyana da kimiyya na sama a lokacin, kazalika da tsinkaya daga cikin mafi m iri na ci gaba.

Kafin bincike ma'aikatan V. Ya. Struve ya kafa da aiki don a san yanayin na motsi na taurari, kazalika domin sanin nisa to wadannan basamaniyai. A cikin ci gaban da wani musamman iko kayan aiki tsara don tabbatar da ake bukata daidaito na yadda ake gudanar da shi da aka gina.

kara nazarin

Work at Pulkovo ya zama ya fi girma, kuma da wuya. A sittin daga cikin karni na sha tara ya fara da za a gudanar astrophysical bincike. Su burin ya zuwa samu da na bincike da kuma nazarin canje-canje a kwarjinin gagarumi jikinsu. A karshen karni na karshe fara da za a gudanar a kan aikin na daukar hoto astrometry irin da wani sarari suKe makanikai. Bugu da ƙari kuma, kallo aka sanya na Sun kuma Duniya ta zura sandunan karatu motsi.

An ce, a farkon karni na ashirin da da Pulkovo Observatory har yanzu daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. Duk da haka, da matsayi na astronomical cibiyar na duniya, ta riga rasa. Pulkovo Observatory ne mai girma kula ma'aikata, amma shi bai tsaya a kai na sabuwar trends na kimiyya aiki. Its main burin da aka tattara daban-daban observational data da kuma bayyana wasu cikakkun bayanai.

A Soviet lokaci

A lokacin da shekaru na Soviet ikon da Pulkovo astronomical Observatory sake a kan hanyar m dawo da kuma ci gaban ayyukan. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet bude sabon cibiyoyin kallo na wani sarari suKe jikinsu. Da sauri ya fara bayyana da astronomical images.

Pulkovo Observatory ya samu sabon nagartaccen kayan aiki, wanda ya yarda su warware da yawa kimiyya matsalolin da dabara. Yana bayyana a cikin kafa wani babban hasken rana kafuwa - littrovsky spectrograph. Ta yarda riga a shekarar 1923 zuwa fara nazarin da hasken rana juyawa. A daidai wannan lokaci shi fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa nazari na mamaki da ke faruwa a cikin sama jiki. Wannan tsari ne da yarda da wani sashe a kan spectrographs tridtsatidyuymovom refractor.

Wani sabon kayan aiki sanye take a cikin wannan lokaci Observatory a Pulkovo. Suka zama ƙungiya astrograph. Ya ke yarda ka fara da fadi da kewayon nazarin da galactic duhu al'amarin, kazalika da tsarin na Milky Way. Bugu da kari, cikin Observatory sanye take da mafi muhimmanci da shigarwa da kuma na'urorin da suke da muhimmanci ga zamani astrometric da Astrographic bincike.

A lokacin da danniya da za'ayi a cikin shekaru na Stalin ta mulki, rauni mai tsanani da kuma Pulkovo. Mutane da yawa Masana ilmin da aka zargi da hannu a cikin kungiyoyin ta'adda da hukuncin kisa.

Daga farkon sosai na yaki na 1941-1945, da Observatory aka hõre da Jamus harin bom. A sakamakon duk da gine-gine hallaka, kuma amma mafi yawan kayan aiki da kuma na musamman da library aka ceto.

dawo da

A lokacin yakin, wasu ma'aikata Observatory suka tafi wajen ƙofar, yayin da wasu rayu kuma ya yi aiki a Tashkent Observatory. Bayan da babbar nasara, Masana ilmin ci gaba da aiki, zauna a gabatarwa na Arctic Institute, located a Fontanka, 38.

Tun shekarar 1946, da sabuntawa na Observatory a tsohon wuri. A shekara ta 1954 an sake buɗe. A cikin shakka daga aikin yi a mayar da pre-yaki cibiyoyin aiki. The tsira kayan sa a cikin wani aiki yanayin, da kyautata da kuma fara yin amfani da a gudanar da bincike a sake. Bugu da kari, da kayan aiki da aka supplemented dvadtsatishestidyuymovym refractor kawo nesa kusa, wani daukar hoto iyakacin duniya kawo nesa kusa, gagarumi interferometer, da sauransu. D.

sakamakon aiki

Pulkovo Observatory, wanda tarihi ya shaida ga muhimmancin wannan ma'aikata, to date ci gaba mai yawa da bincike a kan aikin da yawa fronts. A nan ne da hanyar da aka ɓullo da game da astronomical lura, da nufin sanin ainihin matsayin taurari. Bugu da kari, da masana kimiyya na Pulkovo Observatory ƙirƙirar directory, wanda zai iya sanin ko dace motsi na taurari da kuma taurari. Data ga wadannan karshe ya zama na daukar hoto lura. Observatory masana kimiyya karatu da taurari da su planetary tsarin. A sakamakon da aka samu a lokacin da wani dogon lokacin ci gaba da aiki. Har ila yau ka'idar yanayi refraction an ci gaba.

A Pulkovo Observatory gudanar da wani jerin binciken da suke yi fice a astronomical binciken. Daga cikin su akwai wadannan: gudun ganewa, wanda akwai doguwar manyan taurari, tabbatar da gwaje fragmentation zobba na duniya Saturn, hujja da cewa taurari na farkon na azuzuwan juya a high gudun, da kuma sauransu.

rassan

Home Pulkovo astronomical Observatory yana da ofisoshin. Sun kuma gudanar da wani muhimman hakkokin aiki. Saboda haka, Observatory masana Mun halitta Kislovodsk Mountain astronomical Station, kazalika da dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin Blagoveshchensk. Simeiz reshe a shekarar 1945 ya zama wani ɓangare na Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.

gani Pulkovo

Main astronomical Observatory na Rasha - shi ne mai matukar ban sha'awa wuri. Baƙi zai iya taimaka ji cewa sun kasance a cikin wani daban-daban gaskiya.

Pulkovo Observatory shirya balaguro din ba kawai rana amma kuma da dare. Don su akwai wata na farko rikodin. A lokacin na iya zama wani. A duk ya dogara a kan shirye na baƙi.

Balaguro din a cikin Pulkovo Observatory a cikin mako nada kawai idan yanayin ne m. Amma kamar yadda mai mulkin, da kungiyoyin tara a karshen mako. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa ga wadanda fata ziyarci Observatory a ranar Asabar da kuma Lahadi Entry bude a ranar Laraba ko Alhamis.

Pulkovo Observatory yawon shakatawa suna miƙa ga kungiyoyin kafa, da suka hada da kuma makaranta azuzuwan. Masana ilmin da masana kimiyya sanad da baƙi da tarihi na halitta na ma'aikata. Ka faɗa musu game da ban sha'awa mamaki lura a sarari, sa'an nan kuma yarda ka ko da ji dadin samaniya jikinsu, neman a a kawo nesa kusa, dake karkashin wani retractable rufi da kuma kadi zagaye. A irin wannan sau, wani sightseer iya jin kamar real masanin kimiyya. A cikin dare yawon shakatawa baƙi bude ganinsu na duniya na hasken rana tsarin da duhu sama, da kuma star gungu. A lokacin balaguro din miƙa zuwa ziyarci Observatory Museum da kuma duba wani fim a kan sarari abubuwa a 3D.

Fun kuma dauki yawo ta hanyar Pulkovo tudu. A da karkararta za ka iya ganin yawa gine-gine Oddly dimbin yawa da ba a sani ba dalili. Bugu da kari, a cikin wurin shakatawa, wanda ba ya isa ga amo na gari, akwai mutane da yawa gina jiki. Za su iya ciyar da kai tsaye daga hannun. Duration na yawon shakatawa ne da sa'o'i biyu, kuma ta kudin - cikin ɗari biyar rubles.

Ban sha'awa da kuma ban mamaki wuri ne Pulkovo Observatory. Address daga cikin ma'aikata - Pulkovo Babbar Hanya 65.

gidan kayan gargajiya

Tours gudanar domin manya da yara, sanad da baƙi da baya astronomical Rasha kimiyya, kazalika ta ba. Musamman farfado da gidan kayan gargajiya, dake a cikin babban gini na Pulkovo Observatory, - wani sarrafa kwamfuta da kuma aunawa kayan aiki, surveying kida, kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta daga cikin mafi girma nesa na baya ƙarni. Yana kuma sanya hotuna na ilmin Taurari da kuma masana kimiyya da suka gabata.

Museum na Pulkovo Observatory aka located in wani sabon abu wuri. Ta hanyar da cibiyar ta Zagaye Hall wuce da Meridian. Shi ne ake kira da "Pulkovo".

Zama sane da latest binciken da aukuwa a ilmin taurari ne a yanzu ba haka ba wuya. Pulkovo Observatory yana da wani Internet site (http: // www gao SPB ru ...). Ziyartar shi, za ka iya koyi game da latest astronomical adabi, karanta latest news kuma koyi abubuwa da yawa game da baya da kuma yanzu "wani sarari suKe kimiyya."