Atomic oxygen: amfani Properties. Mene ne atomic oxygen?

Tunanin wani m zanen da aka ɓaci ta a yankunan da wuta. Kyawawan launuka painstakingly amfani a launuka iri-iri, sun bace a karkashin yadudduka na baki toka. Zai ze, irretrievably rasa fitacciyar.

kimiyya sihiri

Amma kada ka yi baƙin. Zanen da aka sanya a cikin wani injin jam'iyya, a cikinsa abu halitta mai iko marar ganuwa, kira atomic oxygen. A cikin 'yan sa'o'i ko kwanaki, sannu a hankali, amma lalle kai hari ganye da kuma launuka fara bayyana a sake. An rufe tare da wani sabo Layer m varnish, da zanen koma zuwa ga tsohon ɗaukaka.

Yana iya ze cewa yana da sihiri, amma shi ne mai kimiyya. A hanya, ci gaba da masana kimiyya a gudanar da bincike cibiyar Glennovskom (Kamfanin GIZ) NASA yana amfani da atomic oxygen domin kiyayewa da kuma maido da ayyukan art, wanda zai in ba haka ba za a irreparably lalace. The abu ne ma iya gaba daya bakara m implants tsara ga jikin mutum, wanda muhimmanci rage hadarin kumburi. Ga marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari, shi zai iya inganta glucose monitoring na'ura, ga wanda kawai wani sashi na jini da ake bukata domin gwaji a baya ake bukata da cewa marasa lafiya za su iya sarrafa su yanayin. The abu za a iya textured polymer surface ga mafi alhẽri mannewa daga kashi Kwayoyin, wanda ya buɗe sama sabon yiwuwa a magani.

Kuma shi ne mai iko abu za a iya samu kai tsaye daga iska.

Atomic da kwayoyin oxygen

Oxygen wanzu a dama daban-daban siffofin. A gas da cewa mu numfasa kira Yã _2, wato, shi kunshi biyu kwayoyin halitta. Akwai atomic oxygen, da dabara na wanda - Ya (zarra). The uku nau'i na sinadari - Ya _3. Wannan lemar sararin samaniya, wanda, misali, a samu a cikin Duniya ta na sama yanayi.

Atomic oxygen a yanayin kasa a Duniya ta surface na dogon lokaci ba zai iya zama. Shi yana da wani musamman high reactivity. Alal misali, atomic oxygen a ruwa suranta hydrogen peroxide. Amma a sarari, inda akwai babban adadin ultraviolet radiation, da Ya ₂ kwayoyin suna more sauƙi karya up samar atomic form. A yanayi a low Duniya madawwama biyu a 96% kunshi atomic oxygen. A alfijir na sarari jigila manufa ta NASA da kasancewar sa matsaloli.

Cutar da kyau

A cewar Bruce Banks, wani babban jami'in kimiyyar lissafi "Alfaporta" tsunduma a gudanar da bincike na sarari yanayi a reshe Glennovskogo cibiyar, bayan na farko da 'yan flights daga cikin sarari jigila kayan da ta yi duba kamar idan sun aka rufe da sanyi (su an hõre mai tsanani yashewa da texturing). Atomic oxygen reacts da kwayoyin kayan cladding kumbon sama jannati hankali tareda žata su.

Kamfanin GIZ, gudanar da bincike da Sanadin lalacewa. A sakamakon haka, masu bincike sun ba kawai kafa hanyoyin kare kumbon sama jannati daga atomic oxygen, suka kuma sami hanyar amfani da m hallakaswa ikon wannan sinadari don inganta rayuwarsa a duniya.

Yashewa a sarari

Lokacin da kumbon sama jannati ne a low duniya madawwama biyu (wanda ake nuna da kuma inda manned motocin tushen ISS), atomic oxygen kafa daga saura yanayi, zai iya amsa tare da surface na kumbon sama jannati, inda suka zama lalace. A ci gaba da tashar, ikon da tsarin sun kasance damuwa da cewa da hasken rana baturi abubuwa sanya daga polymers sha m wulakanci saboda da mataki na wani aiki oxidizer.

m gilashi

NASA ya gano wani bayani. A tawagar masana kimiyya daga Glennovskogo Research Center ya ɓullo da wani bakin ciki-film shafi na hasken rana bangarori da suke gagarar da mataki na m kashi. Silica ko gilashi, an riga an oxidized, don haka ba za a iya lalace ta atomic oxygen. Masu bincike sun halitta a shafi na m silica gilashi, shi ne don haka bakin ciki cewa shi ne m. Wannan m Layer aka daidaita bin da guduro panel da kuma kare shi daga yashewa, ba tare da impairing wani na thermal Properties. Ɗaukar hoto ne har yanzu samu nasarar kare hasken rana bangarori na kasa da kasa Space Station, kuma ya ma an yi amfani da kare photovoltaic tashar "Mir".

A cewar Banks, hasken rana bangarori nasarar wuce fiye da shekaru goma na tsaya a sarari.

Harnessing ikon

Bayan jawabin da daruruwan gwaje-gwaje da cewa kasance wani ɓangare na cin gaban coatings resistant zuwa atomic oxygen, wani rukuni na masana kimiyya daga Research Center Glennovskogo sami kwarewa a fahimtar yadda da sinadaran. Masana sun gan da yiwuwar yin amfani da sauran m abubuwa.

A cewar Banks, da kungiyar zama sane da canji a cikin farfajiya sunadarai na yashewa kwayoyin kayan. Properties na atomic oxygen ne irin wannan cewa shi zai iya cire wani organics, hydrocarbon, wanda aka ba kawai amsa kiran al'ada da magunguna.

Masu bincike sun gano hanyoyi da yawa don amfani da shi. Sun koya cewa atomic oxygen jũya da silicone surface a cikin gilashi, wanda zai iya zama da amfani idan ka ƙirƙiri aka gyara tare da wani hermetic hatimi ba tare da su mai danko da juna. Wannan tsari da aka tsara don sealing kasa da kasa Space Station. Bugu da kari, da masana kimiyya ya gano cewa da atomic oxygen iya mayar da tabbatar da lalace ayyukan art, don inganta kayan da gina jirgin sama, kazalika da amfana mutane kamar yadda za a iya amfani da wani iri-iri na ilimin halittu da aikin likita aikace-aikace.

Kyamarori da kuma šaukuwa na'urar

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na tasiri na atomic oxygen a farfajiya. Da aka fi amfani injin bẽnãye. Su size dabam daga takalma kwalaye kafin shigarwa 1.2 x 1.8 x 0.9 m. By ta amfani da obin na lantarki ko na mitar rediyo radiation ₂ Ya kwayoyin suna karya up jihar atomic oxygen. A jam'iyya da aka sanya a samfurin na polymer yashewa kudi wanda yake nuna taro na aiki abu a ciki da naúrar.

Wani Hanyar da ake ji wani abu ne mai šaukuwa na'urar da damar don shiryar da kunkuntar rafi na oxidant zuwa takamaiman manufa. Iya ƙirƙirar irin kwarara baturi iya rufe wani babban yanki na bi da surface.

Kamar yadda bincike kuma wani girma yawan masana'antun da yake sha'awar a cikin yin amfani da atomic oxygen. NASA ya shirya wani iri-iri na tarayya, hadin gwiwa Ventures da kuma rassa, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta sun zama nasara a daban-daban kasuwanci yankunan.

Atomic oxygen zuwa ga jiki

Research aikace-aikace na sinadari ba a iyakance ga m sarari. Atomic oxygen, da amfani Properties an gano ba, amma su ne mafi da za a bincika, sami dama likita aikace-aikace.

Ana amfani da texturing surface na polymers da kuma sa su iya girma tare da ƙashĩ. A polymers yawanci tare kashi Kwayoyin amma chemically aiki kashi haifar da irin zane-bunkasa mannewa. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani amfani, wanda ya zo da atomic oxygen - magani daga cututtuka na musculoskeletal tsarin.

Wannan oxidizer ƙila za a yi amfani da su cire impurities daga ilimin aiki m implants. Ko da tare da na yanzu yi na sterilizing tabbata daga implants iya zama da wuya a cire duk burbushi na kwayan Kwayoyin, kira endotoxins. Wadannan kwayoyin abubuwa, amma ba da rai, don haka da sterilization ba zai iya cire su. Endotoxins zai iya sa kumburi da post-kafawa, wanda shi ne wata babbar hanyar zafi da m rikitarwa a marasa lafiya tare da kafa implant.

Atomic oxygen, da amfani da kaddarorin wadda sa shi yiwuwa a tsaftace prosthesis da kuma cire duk burbushi na Organic kayan, ƙwarai rage hadarin post-gudanar da kumburi. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani ci gaba a sakamakon yadda ake gudanar da rage zafi a marasa lafiya.

Relief ga masu ciwon sukari

A fasaha An kuma yi amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina na glucose da sauran likita da nazarin halittu zaune a yanki. Su tambaya acrylic Tantancewar zaruruwa, textured atomic oxygen. Wannan magani damar da zaruruwa zuwa tace fitar da ja da maikacin jini, da barin magani mafi tasiri lamba tare da bangaren sinadaran gabansa duba.

A cewar Miller, Sharon, injiniyan kayan lantarki a sashen na sarari yanayi da kuma gwaje-gwajen Glennovskogo NASA bincike cibiyar, shi ya sa da gwajin mafi m, kuma a lokaci guda zuwa ga auna jini sugar gwajin da ake bukata a da yawa karami girma na jini. Za ka iya samun wani harbi kusan ko ina a jiki da kuma samun isasshen adadin jini domin sanin matakin na sukari.

Wata hanyar samun atomic oxygen - hydrogen peroxide. Yana da wani yawa more iko oxidizer fiye da kwayoyin. Wannan shi ne saboda da sauƙi da wanda decomposes peroxide. Atomic oxygen kafa ta wannan, aiki fiye da kuzari kwayoyin. Wannan ne ya sa da m aikace-aikace na hydrogen peroxide: halakar kwayoyin na dyes da kwayoyin.

sabuntawa

Lokacin da wani aiki na gwaninta a hadarin komowar lalacewar cire kwayoyin abin gurɓatawa atomic oxygen a iya amfani, wanda bar kayan m juna. A tsari ta kawar da duk Organic abu kamar carbon ko toka, amma yawanci yana da wani sakamako a kan Paint. Pigments kullum da inorganic asalin da aka riga oxidized, kuma wannan yana nufin cewa su ba za su lalata oxygen. Organic dyes ƙila za a adana a wani m count daukan hotuna lokaci. A zane ne gaba daya lafiya, saboda atomic oxygen ne a lamba kawai tare da surface na zanen.

art ayyuka suna sanya a cikin wani injin jam'iyya a cikin abin da oxidant aka kafa. Dangane da mataki na lalacewar da hoton za ta iya zama a can for 20 zuwa 400 hours. Domin na musamman jiyya na lalace yanki bukatar sabuntawa, shi kuma za a iya amfani da wani rafi da atomic oxygen. Wannan gusar da bukatar sanya kayan zane a wani wuri jam'iyya.

Toka da kuma lipstick - babu matsala

Gidajen tarihi, al'adu da majami'u fara tuntube da Kamfanin GIZ, ajiye da kuma mayar da su ayyukan art. Research Center ya nuna ikon mayar da lalace zanen Jackson Pollock, cire lipstick tare da zane-zane da Endi Uorhola da kuma ajiye lalace ta hanyar hayaki zane coci na St. Stanislaus a Cleveland. Team Glennovskogo Research Center amfani da atomic oxygen mayar da gutsure ne dauke rasa - ƙarni-tsohon Italian kwafin Raphael ta "Madonna da kujera", na zuwa St. Alban ta Episcopal Church a Cleveland ..

A cewar Banks, wannan sinadari ne sosai tasiri. A art maido shi aiki lafiya. Duk da haka, wannan ba wani abu da za ka iya saya a wani kwalban, amma shi ne yafi tasiri.

nan gaba Nazarin

NASA a kan wani reimbursable-akai don aiki tare da wani iri-iri na masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin atomic oxygen. Glennovsky Research Center hidima mutane, wanda m ayyukan art an shafa gida gobara, kazalika da hukumomi, da ya nemi da yiwuwar yin amfani da wannan abu a cikin ilimin halittu da aikin likita aikace-aikace kamar LightPointe Medical Aidan Prairie, Minnesota. Kamfanin ya samu da yawa amfani da atomic oxygen da kuma yake faruwa a sami ko da more.

A cewar Banks, akwai mutane da yawa unexplored yankunan. An gano wani babban yawan aikace-aikace na sarari fasahar, amma tabbas da yawa fiye da ake lurking waje da sarari fasahar.

Space a cikin sabis na mutum

A tawagar masana kimiyya na fatan ci gaba da gano hanyoyin da yin amfani da atomic oxygen, kazalika da waɗanda suka riga suka samu alamar rahama. Mutane da yawa fasahar an jadadda mallaka, kuma da Kamfanin GIZ, tawagar tana fatan cewa kamfanin zai lasisi da kuma sayar da wasu daga gare su, da za su kawo ma fi amfani ga mutãne.

A karkashin wani yanayi, da atomic oxygen iya haifar da lalacewa. Godiya ga NASA masu bincike, wannan abu ne yanzu yin wani m taimako ga nazarin sararin samaniya , da kuma rayuwa a duniya. Ko yana da adana m ayyukan art ko na mutum kiwon lafiya, atomic oxygen ne mai iko kayan aiki. Aiki tare da shi sãka ɗari ɗari, da kuma sakamakon su ne nan da nan bayyane.