B. Fisher, a dara player: biography, photos da kuma aikata

Robert Dzheyms "Bobby" Fischer - dara player daga ko'ina cikin duniya, 11th zakara a cikin wannan horo a duniya. Har ila yau, tsakanin ta abin yabo na ira da Gabatarwa gudanar da aiki da sabon irin na kula da lokaci bisa Bugu da kari bayan kowace bugun jini. Similar dara Agogon ake kira ta kirkiro - "Fischer Agogon". Suka jadadda mallaka da shi a shekarar 1990.

Yara da matasa

Haifi Fisher - Maris 9, 1943. Mahaifinsa wani kabilanci Jamus, kuma uwarsa Swiss da Yahudawa asalinsu. A shekaru na shekaru biyu, Bobby tsira da farko bala'i a rayuwa - mahaifinsa barin iyali. Ya koma zuwa Jamus, da kuma mahaifiyar da yara koma Brooklyn.

A farko gwaninta na wasa dara ya faru a cikin shekaru shida. Mazan da 'yar'uwa wanda ya sanar da Robert kuma James wasa su nan da nan lura aninsa na halitta basira domin dabarun. A shekaru baya ya aka kullum inganta a wasan na chess. Availability na kyau kwarai memory shi damar koyon harsuna da dama (Spanish, Russian, Kuroweshiyancin-Sabiya, Jamus), kuma da irin wannan ilmi na kasashen waje dara adabi karatu Bobby a cikin na asali.

farko gasar

Kamar yadda wani matashi, Fisher halarci da yawa gasa. Amma da farko sakamakon babbar shi ne ya yi nasara a Amurka Junior Championship (1957). A shekara daga baya duk taya Bobby tare da lakabi na zakara na America. Da shi shi ne na farko a tarihin 14-shekara na kasa Zakaran. Amma wannan nasarar da ya yi kawai fara mamaki da magoya. A shekarar 1958, yana da shekaru goma sha biyar, Bobby suka zama manya grandmaster a duniya.

Around lokaci guda goma sha biyar, Fischer, da dara player zuwa kashi, ya fita daga makaranta don su bada fuskarsa ga dara. The title of zakaran duniya - yana da ya fi muhimmanci mafarki. Kuma Bobby dõge a faruwa ga wannan manufa.

Duk da haka, da babbar sha'awa ga wasanni ba a iyakance kawai ga dara. Wannan musamman mutumin da aka ma hannu a tennis, iyo, gudun kan da na tsere kan.

A karo na farko ya karya a cikin duniya gasar na American dara Fischer kokarin a 1959. Ya kasance daya daga cikin mahalarta gasar contenders for duniya take a {asar Yugoslavia. Amma wannan lokaci ya gaza.

farko laifi

A shekarar 1962, gaba 'yan takarar gasar da aka gudanar a Curacao. Wannan shi ne na karshe na gasar kafin Fisher ta hudu-shekara-dogon hutu. Sa'an nan, ya sake ci, gama a karo na hudu wuri. A wannan lissafi ya samu ya dalilai da kuma bayani. Ya yi imani cewa, daga cikin mahalarta taron akwai da yawa 'yan wasa daga Tarayyar Soviet. A irin mãsu bãyar da bãya dade har Bobby ba iya kafofin yada tantance halin da ake ciki. Sa'an nan, ya lura cewa, shi ne ba a fafatawa a gasa, da kuma kasawarsa da fasaha.

A ci gaba da dara aiki

Bayan haka, ya lashe jerin babban nasarori a mafi babbar gasa, ta zama daya daga cikin karfi da 'yan wasan a duniya. A wannan lokacin, Fischer - dara, jam'iyyar da aka gudanar a Amurka, kusan 100% ƙare tare da winnings, kara karfafa da daraja na iya karawa a wannan wasa. A US Open a shekarar 1963, ya lashe tare da cikakken sakamakon binciken. A lokacin daga 1960 zuwa 1970, abu tawagar kasarsa a Duniya Olympics, sai ya ciyar 65 wasanni: 40 daga wanda ya lashe 18 kawo a cikin wani Draw da kuma rasa kawai 7.

A farkon seventies, ya fara nuna rikodin sakamakon. A jam'iyyar da mafi kyau da 'yan wasan a duniya a cikin' yan takarar gasar shekara ta 1971, ya gama karatu a tare da wani mataki sakamakon - 85% na da maki.

Bobby Fischer - da dara player da ƙarya da suke ƙirƙirãwa hali

Wannan mutumin a hade a rare kyauta dara da wani haddi zato da ƙarya da suke ƙirƙirãwa. Ya aka yaushe kuma a ko'ina nemi a saka kansa a sama da sauran fafatawa a gasa, wuya gata. Ya sau da yawa tafi ya zuwa yanzu cewa karya dokokin, yin m demonstrative kai hare-hare a kan shirya gasar da kuma fafatawa a gasa. Alal misali, a matsayin memba na Interzonal a Sousse a 1967, ya tantama ya bayyana cewa, a kan tushen addini, shi ba zai iya rike ashana a ranar Jumma'a da Asabar iya kawai wasa bayan bakwai ƙarfe da yamma. Da shirya ya tafi ya tarye shi, shi da jadawalin na ashana daidai da wadannan bukatun. Duk da haka, a kan wannan da "son zũciyõyin" ba a kan yet. Ya kuma kara da cewa bukaci sauran jam'iyyar a ranar Asabar, kuma, ya fara ne kawai bayan 19.00. Wannan m request, ba shakka, an ƙaryata, bayan da Bobby Fischer, da dara player da ƙarya da suke ƙirƙirãwa hali, da kuma bai "tofa" to duk jin kunya kuma kada ku nuna up for biyu ashana. Kamar yadda dokokin, wadannan jam'iyyun kasa da shi kidaya asarar, a mayar da martani ga ƙi su shiga kara a gasar.

Fisher nuna fice a sakamakon, ta haka ne samun girmamawa tsakanin 'yan wasa. Amma a lokaci guda, shi ya sha nanata Allah wadai ga zama m, almubazzaranci da kuma wuce kima bukatar a kan mutum. A ãdalci ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ya karu da bukatun biyu, zuwa ga yanayi da kuma da girman da kudade, sun ba da gudummawar don kyautata na gasar rayuwa da kuma jindadin 'yan wasa. A musamman, a sakamakon m zargi da Fisher sun karu sau da yawa da kananan size na kyauta pool na duniya gasar. Abokan aiki sau da yawa raha kira shi "mu jam'iyya," sanin yadda ya yi ƙoƙari ya dara mutunta.

zakaran duniya

A cikin gasar wasan a shekara ta 1972, da aka gudanar a Reykjavik, inda Fischer taka leda tare da Boris Spassky, ya lashe da kashi biyu da 12.5: 8.5.

Lashe wasa tare da Spassky shi ne na karshe na aikin wasan buga da Fisher. Lashe title na sabon zakara, ya fara wasa da wuya, sa'an nan kawai walima. Wasanni a manyan gasa ba more. Mutane kewaye da shi lura ma fi girma ƙarin tsanani daga newfound girman kai Zakaran. Kuma matsananci zafi ko tunanin game da yiwuwar kashi ya kai ga cewa Fischer - dara player, wanda zai iya ba tukuna sake su yardar da su magoya wani mai ban mamaki nasara, a gaskiya, ya sauko daga nesa nesa.

Me ya sa ba a wasan da Karpov

Long kafin wasan da Anatoliem Karpovym da mulki Zakaran ya sa a gaba mai babbar yawan bukatun (64) zuwa ga kungiyar da kuma hali. Mafi yawansu sun kasance daga zalla m yanayi, ko da yake da yawa da suka jũna m. Shi ne isa zuwa ga amfani da matsayin misali daya daga cikinsu: Fischer bukaci ƙofar dakin, inda a can ne a wasan, duk da m harbi headgear. Akwai kuma wadanda yanayi, wanda suke a fili a rikicin da sunnar a lokacin, irin wannan gasar. Duk wannan ya nuna cewa, hanya B. Fischer, da dara player, wanda bai da damar ko da tunanin da ya sha kashi, kokarin rushe da wasa tare da wani abokin gaba wanda zai iya zama da karfi fiye da shi.

A halin yanzu zakaran ya kafa da wadannan bukatun ga wasan sharudda: shi ya wuce har zuwa 10 lashe wasanni, ba kirgawa fa, tã. da yawan jam'iyyun a kowace hanya ya kamata ba za a kayyade. idan ci ne 9: 9, muƙamin da ya rage da Fischer.

Lokacin na farko da maki biyu na wasan duration ya gagara hango ko hasashen. Ya iya wuce watanni da dama, wanda zai zama unacceptable. Saboda haka, hukumar kunshi manyan mambobi ne na ainihi yanke shawarar cewa 6 wasanni lashe za su isa. Abin da Bobby "barazana" ta ƙi na dara kambi, da kuma wasan da Karpov. Nan, shirya yi asasshe. Yawan wasanni lashe an tashe shi zuwa 9. ɗaya kawai ake bukata wanda aka gaskiya dauke m da kuma m, ba saduwa. Muna magana ne game da doka. Bayan duk, idan aiki lissafi ne 9: 8 a cikin ni'imar Karpov, sa'an nan da ya lashe a gaba game ya shakka bukatar lashe, cewa shi ne, mai nema yana lashe 2 wasanni fiye da mulki Zakaran.

A mayar da martani, Fischer har yanzu ya ki amincewa da wasa, domin wanda ya rasa ya dara kambi. Anatoly Karpov ayyana zakara, kuma Fisher ta yi na dogon lokaci tattauna a dara yanayi.

reclusion

Bobby Fischer - da dara player (duba ƙasa photo.), Wanne yana da irin wannan eccentric hali, bayan wani gaza wasa tare da Karpov aka ba da hannu a cikin aikin hukuma dara gasa. An sani cewa a 1976-1977, ya bayyana kwadayin rike da wasa tare da mulki Zakaran Karpov kuma ko da gudanar da tattaunawa a kan al'amarin. Amma ba su kasance m, da kuma haɗuwa ba faru. Haka kuma an san cewa irin wannan 'yan wasa kamar Enrike Meking, Svetozar Gligoric, Viktor Korchnoi da Jan Timman, ya kuma sha'awar a Fisher a matsayin m hammayarsu, amma kuma tare da su zuwa wasanni ba a kai.

A cikin marigayi seventies, latsa ruwaito cewa Fischer shiga wani addini darikar "Duniya Church of Mahalicci." Duk da haka, bayan wata kasa karshen duniya, wanda ya annabta ta shugaban, suka fito daga kungiyar.

A karshe shekaru na rayuwa da mutuwa

Har shekara ta 1992, da sunan dara Fischer kusan bai bayyana a cikin latsa. A wannan shekara ya ba zato ba tsammani ya amince da tsari na Yugoslav kasuwanci banki yi wasa da wasa tare da Anatoliem Karpovym. Fischer lashe shi, amma, kamar yadda muka gani da yawa sukar, duka biyu Masters na fasaha, idan aka kwatanta da cewa sun sun nuna a cikin 1970s, ya ki markedly.

Sakamakon nasara da aka bi da wani abin kunya, rikicin da haraji ofishin da kuma Gwamnatin {asar Amirka. Gaskiyar cewa Fisher, ya ɗauki kashi a wasan, keta kasa da kasa takunkumin tattalin arziki, wadda ta ƙunshi a wani kauracewa na {asar Yugoslavia, ya ayyana Amurka. Har ila yau, ya bai biya haraji a kan winnings. Bayan da Bobby ba kawai nuna rashin bambanci yi magana game da gwamnatin Amirka. A sakamakon haka, shi kuwa ya sauko ya ga cewa ya fasfo da aka kwace. Lokacin bayan wani lokaci ya yi kokari don samun zuwa Amirka, da aka kama da kuma yanke masa hukuncin watanni 8 a kurkuku.

Bayan kurkuku, ya rayu a Iceland, a Reykjavik. Mutu Bobby Fischer - da dara player, wanda biography mai cike da irin daban-daban da kuma sabanin events, daga koda gazawar Janairu 17, 2008.