Battle a kan Ice: makirci da komowar ruwa na yaki

Battle a kan Ice - daya daga cikin mafi girma da fadace-fadace a Rasha ta tarihi, a lokacin da Prince of Novgorod Aleksandr Nevsky nuna a kan Lake Peipsi invading Knights na Livonian Order. Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni, masana tarihi tafi shawara game da cikakken bayani game da yaƙi. Wasu abubuwa ba su bayyana a karshen, ciki har da yadda shi ya faru da Ice. Tuki da kuma maimaitawa sassa na wannan yaki zai ba da damar mu bayyana asirin da asirai na tarihi hade da babban kalubalen.

Fage zuwa rikici

Tun 1237, lokacin da Paparoma sanar farkon na gaba jihadi zuwa kasa gabashin Baltic tsakanin Rasha ikoki a hannu daya, da kuma Sweden, Denmark da kuma Jamus Livonian Order - a daya hannun, kula akai ƙarfin lantarki, wanda a sau girma a cikin soja mataki.

Saboda haka, a 1240 da Sweden Knights jagorancin Birger Jarl sauka a bakin Neva, amma Novgorod sojojin karkashin iko da Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo ci su da yaƙi a wani hukunci yaƙi.

A wannan shekara, cikin Livonian Order gudanar m a kan Rasha ƙasar. Da sojojin dauki Izborsk da Pskov. Kimantawa da hatsarin Novgorod veche a 1241 bukaci baya zuwa zamanin Alexander, ko da yake kwanan nan kawai fitar da shi. Prince taru tawagar da motsa gāba da Livonians. A watan Maris 1242 ya ya iya saki Pskov. Alexander koma da sojojin zuwa ga dũkiyõyinku da Order, a cikin shugabanci na bautarsa na Dorpat, inda 'Yan Salibiyya tattara babba ƙarfi. A jam'iyyun yi tattali, ga hukunci yaƙi.

Abokan adawar hadu Afrilu 5, 1242 at Lake Peipus, sa'an nan har yanzu an rufe da kankara. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa daga baya ya samu sunan yaki - Battle na Ice. Lake yayin da daskararre zurfi isa ya jā da dauke da makamai da sojoji.

sojojin na jam'iyyun

Rasha sojojin wajen fragmented tsarin. Amma da zuciyar shi, babu shakka, ya Novgorod tawagar. Bugu da kari, da rundunarsa suka shiga cikin abin da ake kira da "kasa shiryayye" da ya kai boyars. A total number of Rasha mayakan aka kiyasta da masana tarihi a 15-17 dubu mutane.

Sojoji, ma, ya unsuited Livonians. Battle kashin bayan ya Knights aka dauke da makamai Soja oda , karkashin jagorancin Jagora Andreas von Velvenem, wanda, duk da haka, a cikin yaƙin kanta da aka ba da hannu. Har ila yau a cikin Danish sojojin sun masõya, da kuma mayakan sa kai na birnin Dorpat, wanda hada da wani gagarumin yawan Estonians. A total number of Livonia Runduna kiyasta a 10-12 dubu mutane.

komowar ruwa na yaki

Historical kafofin sun bar mana fairly hanzari bayani game da yadda za a tura yaƙi da kanta. Battle a kan Ice ya fara da cewa da maharba na Novgorod sojojin zo a gaba kuma ya rufe da ƙanƙara na kibiyoyi aiki Knights. Amma karshen iya, ta amfani da wani soja gini, kira a matsayin "alade" murkushe 'yan bindigar sun kuma karya tsakiyar Rasha sojojin.

Ganin wannan halin da ake ciki, Alexander Nevsky umarci sojoji zuwa isa Livonians sãshinansu da bãyayyakinsu. Knights aka dauka a cikin wani pincer motsi. Yana fara su tare da la'akari halakar Rasha warriors. Karin sojojin na Order, ganin cewa su main dakarun ci, garzaya zuwa tsira. Novgorod tawagar runtume a guje don fiye da bakwai kilomita. Yaƙin ya gama cikin cikakkiyar nasara ga Rasha sojojin.

Irin wannan shi ne labarin da Battle a kan Ice.

tuki yaƙi

Ba abin mamaki da m litattafan a kan soja da harkokin da ya dauka a cancantar wuri da Ice. A zane a kasa, a fili wani kwamandan kyauta Aleksandra Nevskogo da exemplifies da kyau kwarai fama ayyukan.

A kan taswira, mun gani a sarari na farko nasara Livonian sojojin a cikin sahu na Rasha tawagar. Har ila yau nuna Knights ayarinsa da m jirgin na karin dakarun Order, wanda aka kammala kuma Ice. A makirci ba ka damar gina taron data a guda sarkar, da kuma ƙwarai facilitates maimaitawa ya faru a cikin shakka daga cikin yaƙi events.

sakamakon yakin

Bayan Novgorod sojojin lashe cikakken nasara a kan 'Yan Salibiyya sojojin, abin da mai girma girmansa na Alexander Nevsky, a yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da aka sa hannu a cikin abin da Livonian Order gaba daya ya bari ta kwanan nan ganĩmõmi a cikin ƙasa na Rasha asashe. An kuma yi musayar fursunoni.

A sha kashi, wanda ya sha wahala a cikin Order of Battle na Ice, ya tsanani haka cewa ya shekara goma lasawa su raunuka da kuma ba su ma yi tunani game da wani sabon mamayewa na Rasha ƙasar.

Babu kasa da gagarumin nasarar Aleksandra Nevskogo da janar tarihi mahallin. Bayan duk, shi aka sa'an nan ya yanke shawarar da rabo daga mu asashe da kuma ainihin karshen danniyar Jamus Jihadin Krista a gabashin shugabanci aka sa shi. Hakika, bayan da cewa Order ba kawai kokarin yaga kashe wani yanki na Rasha ƙasar, amma ba da mamayewa bai yi irin wannan babban hali.

Tunani iri iri da kuma stereotypes hade tare da yaƙin

Akwai wani ra'ayi da yake sun fi mayar a cikin Battle of Lake Peipsi Rasha sojojin taimaki kankara, wanda ba ya ɗaukar nauyin dauke da makamai Jamus Knights da fara nutse a karkashin su. A gaskiya, babu tarihi tabbatarwa da wannan hujja ne ba. Haka kuma, bisa ga 'yan bincike, nauyin kayan aiki Jamus Rasha Knights da Knights musharaka a cikin yaƙin, ya kusan daidai.

Jamus Jihadin Krista a cikin view na mutane da yawa, wanda aka farko wahayi zuwa gare ta film, ne dauke da makamai suka cuirassiers kwalkwali, sau da yawa ado da ƙahoni. A gaskiya ma, cikin shatan na Order haramta amfani da kwalkwali-saka kayan ado. Saboda haka ba ƙahonin Livonians, bisa manufa, ba zai iya zama.

sakamakon

Ta haka, mun gano cewa daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da kuma wurin hutawa fadace-fadace a cikin tarihin kasar da aka yakin na Ice. yaƙi makirci yarda mana mu a fili haifa tafarkinsa da kuma sanin da Babban dalilin da shan kashi na Knights - reassess sojojin a lokacin da suka gangan garzaya zuwa hari.