Bayani dako:-daban da kuma misalan

Wayewar dan adam a lokacin ta zama ta sami da yawa hanyoyi zuwa rikodin bayanai. A kowace shekara, su kundin suna girma a geometrical ci gaban. Domin wannan dalilin, da kuma canza kafofin watsa labarai. Wannan abin da wannan juyin da za a tattauna a kasa.

vestiges na baya

Ancient Monuments na mutum aiki za a iya daukarsa a matsayin dutse sassaka, wanda zana dabbobi da aka nemi dalilai. A farko ri kafofin watsa labarai sun na halitta asali.

The real nasara ne zai yiwu a yi la'akari da bayyanar da rubuce-rubuce daga Sumerians, wanda ya rayu a ba-rana Iraki da kuma yin amfani da shi ne ba da wani dutse, da kuma lãka Allunan, wanda aka kora bayan rubutu. Saboda haka, su aminci ne da muhimmanci karu. Duk da haka, da kudi a da rubuce ilimi ya ragu.

Zaka kuma iya lura da Masar Papyrus, kakin zuma, konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, wanda da farko ya fara rubuta a cikin Persian. A Asia, shi yi amfani da bamboo da siliki. Ancient Indiyawan da nodular musamman rubutu. A Rasha, da gudu ya Elm, wanda archaeologists ne a yau.

takarda

Takarda kafofin watsa labarai kawo, sikelin da abin da yake da wuya ga overestimate. Duk da cewa da farko analogues na cellulosic abu da aka samu ta hanyar da Sin a cikin II karni, shi ya zama samuwa ga jama'a ne kawai a cikin XIX karni.

Tare da fitowan na takarda da related littattafai. A cikin 1450s da Jamusanci kirkiro Johann Gutenberg ƙirƙira hannun-bugu inji ta wajen wanda bayar biyu kofen Littafi Mai Tsarki. Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru aiki a matsayin wani masomin wani sabon zamanin taro bugu. Yana da aka yi masa godiya da cewa ilmi ya daina zama yawa na bakin ciki Layer na bil'adama, sabili da haka samuwa ga duk wanda yake so ya.

Yau takarda ne newsprint, biya diyya, mai rufi, da sauransu. D. Its zabi ya dogara a kan musamman manufa. Kuma ko da yake da farin zane ne a bukatar fiye da taba, ta m wuri shi ya riga ya bada.

Punch cards da takarda tef

Next tura a cikin ci gaban da bayanai kafofin watsa labarai samu a farkon na XIX karni, a lokacin da na farko paperboard cards. A wasu wuraren da halshen takware ta hanyar abin da data aka karanta. Da farko, da fasahar amfani da iko da looms.

Interest a cikin sabon samfurin ya karu bayan shi ya fara da za a yi amfani da Amurka don ƙarin dace da sauri count sakamakon yawan ƙidaya a 1890. Production na cards aikata a nan gaba, IBM ya zama majagaba na kwamfuta fasaha. A heyday na fasahar da ke cikin tsakiyar XX karni. A sa'an nan da ya fara yada da binary tsarin, don tsara da kuma tara da dama data.

A farko kwamfuta kafofin watsa labarai da aka ma ƙulli tef. Suka yi da takarda da amfani a telegraphy. Saboda ta tef format damar sauki shigar da fitarwa. Wannan ya sanya su ba makawa sai bayyanar Magnetic fafatawa a gasa.

Magnetic tef

Duk yadda mai kyau da suka gabata waje data dako, ba za su iya haifa abin da aka gyarawa. Wannan matsalar da aka warware tare da zuwan Magnetic tef. Yana da wani m substrate rufi da dama yadudduka, a kan wanda bayanai da aka rubuta. Kamar yadda aiki m amsa daban-daban sinadaran abubuwa da baƙin ƙarfe, cobalt, chromium.

Alatun ajiya na maganaɗisu sun sanya wani nasara a rikodin sauti. An wannan bidi'a ya yarda sabuwar fasahar da sauri kwanta a Jamus a 30s. Previous na'urorin (phonograph rikodin 'yan wasa, rikodin' yan wasa) daban-daban inji halitta kuma ba su kasance m. Akwai tartsatsi tef nada da kuma cassette irin.

A cikin 50s akwai lokatan yunkurin yin amfani da wadannan aukuwa a matsayin kwamfuta ajiya kafofin watsa labarai. Magnetic kaset da aka gabatar a cikin sirri kwamfutar a cikin 80s. Su shahararsa shi ne sun fi mayar saboda wadannan abũbuwan amfãni. a matsayin manyan iya aiki, da zumunta cheapness na samar da low ikon amfani.

A hasara na kaset za a iya dauke da ranar karewa. Tun da aka demagnetized kan lokaci. A cikin mafi kyau idan, da data adana a kan 40 - 50 years. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana format zama mashahuri a duniya. Ya kamata mu ma ambaci faifan bidiyo, wanda ta wadãta a karshen XX karni. Magnetic data dako sun zama kafuwar jiki da kuma wani sabon irin watsa shirye-shirye.

wuya tafiyarwa

A halin yanzu, masana'antu cin ci gaba. Bayani dako bukatar babban adadin zamani. A farko wuya tafiyarwa ko wuya tafiyarwa da aka kafa a 1956, IBM sojojin. Duk da haka, sun kasance impractical. Su ne ya fi girma fiye da wani akwatin, da kuma nauyin kusan daidai ton. A girma daga data adana bai wuce 3.5 megabytes. Daga baya, duk da haka, da misali da aka ɓullo da, da kuma ta 1995 aka shawo kan madauri 10 gigabytes. Kuma bayan shekaru 10, ya tafi sayarwa Hitachi model girma na 500 gigabytes.

Ba kamar m analogues wuya tafiyarwa dauke da aluminum faranti. A data sake bugawa da karanta kawunansu. Ba su taba faifai, da kuma aiki a nesa da dama nanometers daga gare ta. Duk da haka dai manufa na aiki ne kama da halaye na HDD, marubũta. Babban bambancin da yake a cikin jiki kayayyakin amfani zuwa tsirar da na'urorin. Wuya tafiyarwa sun zama tushen sirri kwakwalwa. A tsawon lokaci, wadannan model aka samar a hade tare da tafiyarwa, actuators da lantarki.

Baya daga cikin babban memory ake bukata domin data abun ciki, wuya tafiyarwa da wasu buffer ake bukata don santsi da gudu karanta daga na'urar.

3.5-inch floppy faifai

A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne za su matsa gaba a kananan tsare-tsaren. Ilimi na Magnetic Properties amfani a samar da diskettes, data wanda ake karanta ta musamman drive. A farko wannan analogue aka gabatar da IBM a 1971. Yawa rikodi irin wannan bayanai yan dako ya zuwa 3 megabytes. Dalili na diskette wani floppy faifai, ya rufe tare da wani Layer na ferromagnetic kayan.

Babban nasara - rage jiki girma na kafofin watsa labarai - ya sanya wannan format yafi a cikin kasuwar domin a kwata karni. Kawai a Amurka a cikin 80s na samar da har zuwa miliyan 300 sabon diskettes.

Duk da yawa abũbuwan amfãni, da sabon abu da drawbacks - ji na ƙwarai to Magnetic tsangwama da kuma low damar idan aka kwatanta da duk da kara bukatun talakawa kwamfuta mai amfani.

CDs

A ƙarni na farko na Tantancewar kafofin watsa labarai fara CDs. Su samfur da aka har yanzu records. Duk da haka, sabon waje data dako sanya na polycarbonate. A Disc wannan abu ya kasance da thinnest shafi na karfe (zinariya, da azurfa, aluminum). Don kare data, shi an rufe ta da musamman varnish.

Sananne CD da aka ɓullo da Sony sojojin da kuma sa a cikin taro samar a shekarar 1982. A farko format samu m shahararsa saboda sauki rikodi. A girma daga dama da ɗari megabytes yarda ka kau da farko turntables da kuma tef rubũtãwa, kuma bayan. Idan na farko na baya a bayanai girma, da karshen sãɓã wa jũna muni sauti quality. Har ila yau, sabon format aika zuwa baya diskettes, wanda ba kawai housed kasa data, amma sun kasance ba ma m.

Karamin fayafai sa wani juyin juya halin da a filin daga na sirri kwakwalwa. A kan lokaci, da masana'antu Refayawa (misali, Apple) sun sauya zuwa samar da inji mai kwakwalwa tare da tafiyarwa cewa goyi bayan CD format.

DVD da Blue-Ray

Tantancewar data dako na ƙarni na farko sun gudanar a kan wani ajiya ƙara dogon. A shekarar 1996, akwai DVD, wanda cikin sharuddan girma ce mafi girma daga kakansa sau shida. A sabon misali sa ka ka yi rikodin bidiyo na ƙara duration. Karkashin shi da sauri daidaita zuwa fim. DVD fina-finai sun zama a bainar jama'a samuwa a duk duniya. Ka'idar aiki da kuma coding bayanai fiye da CDs zauna guda.

A karshe, a shekara ta 2006, shi kaddamar da wani sabon, to date, na karshe na gani kafofin watsa labarai format. The girma ya zama a cikin daruruwan gigabytes. Wannan na tabbatar da mafi kyau rikodin sauti da bidiyo quality.

yaki-tsaren

A kan 'yan shekarun nan, m rikice-rikice tsakanin m data ajiya Formats. External tafiyarwa daga daban-daban masana'antun kan gaba mataki na ci gaba da masana'antu gasa da juna domin kenkenewa a cikin format.

Daya daga cikin na farko da irin wannan misalai sun hada da wani rikici tsakanin phonograph Edison gramophone Berliner 10-ies XX karni. A kara irin rigingimu tashi tsakanin CD-fayafayan da kuma 8-track audio fayafayan. VHS da Betamax. MP3 da kuma AAC, da sauransu. D. A karshe cikin wannan jerin shi ne "yaki" tsakanin HD DVD da Blue-Ray, wanda ya ƙare a nasara ga karshen.

Flash Drives

Misalai na ajiya kafofin watsa labarai ba zai iya yi ba tare da ambata da kebul-flash tafiyarwa. A farko Universal Serial Bus da aka ɓullo da a cikin tsakiyar 90s. Don kwanan wata, akwai riga tsara ta uku na wannan data ke dubawa. Bas damar dangane da wani PC na gefe. Ko da yake wannan matsala ta wanzu da da ewa kafin zuwan USB, an yanke shawarar ne kawai a cikin wannan ƙarnin.

Yau, kowane kwamfuta na da recognizable Ramin, ta hanyar abin da za ka iya haɗi zuwa kwamfutarka wayar hannu, player, kwamfutar hannu, da sauransu. D. Fast watsa bayanai a wani format sanya USB a gaske duniya kayan aiki.

A mafi girma shahararsa da aka samu flash tafiyarwa ko flash tafiyarwa a cikin vernacular dangane da wannan dubawa. Irin wannan na'urar yana da kebul-connector, a microcontroller guntu, wani ma'adini resonator da wani LED. Duk wadannan bayanai sun sanya shi yiwuwa a ci gaba a cikin aljihu na gigabytes na bayanai. A size kebul na flash drive ba ko floppy woje, mallakan damar 3 megabytes. A sau da shi ya karu girma na'urorin, a cikinsa bayanai ajiya da aka yi. Media, da bambanci, ayan jiki raguwa.

connector versatility damar tafiyarwa aiki ba kawai tare da sirri kwamfutar, amma kuma tare da talabijin, DVD-yan wasa da kuma sauran na'urori tare da kebul na fasaha. A babban amfani idan aka kwatanta da na gani takwarorinsu zama kasa mai saukin kamuwa zuwa waje tsoma. Flash drive ba ji tsoron scratches da ƙura da suke mutum barazana ga CD.

mai rumfa gaskiya

A cikin 'yan shekaru, kwamfuta ajiya kafofin watsa labarai na baya matsayi na rumfa madadin. Tun a yau shi ne sauki gama a PC to a duniya cibiyar sadarwa, da bayanai da aka adana a kan shared sabobin. Facilities ne undeniable. Yanzu, don samun isa ga su fayiloli, mai amfani ba ya bukatar wani jiki matsakaici. Don hulɗa tare da data a yankin isasshe a cikin ɗaukar hoto na mara waya ta Wi-Fi dangane da t. D.

Bugu da kari, wannan sabon abu taimaka wajen kauce wa rikice ba tare da kasawa daga cikin jiki tafiyarwa da cewa su ne m to lalacewa. M uwar garken dangane da cewa goyon bayan da alama ba za a shafa, kamar yadda a cikin hali na unforeseen yanayi inda akwai m data ajiya.

ƙarshe

A tarihi - daga kogon zane-zane don rumfa ragowa - mutumin nẽman bayanai dako bulkier, mafi abin dogara da kuma araha. Wannan bege ne suka kai ga cewa a yau muna rayuwa a cikin wani zamanin da cewa shi ne ba tare da dalili da ake kira karni na bayanai al'umma. Ci gaba zo zuwa ga abin da shi ne a yanzu da mutane a cikin su a rayuwarsu ta kullum kawai shaƙa a data rafi. Zai yiwu bayanai dako, wanda kowane irin riɓaɓɓanya, canza cika fuska, bisa ga bukatun sovremenennogo mutum.