Bill - shi ne mika wuyansu IOU

Bill - wani daftarin aiki amincewa da takalifi na issuer biya wani ajali Jimlar kudi a shi a saboda lokaci. Wannan irin Securities ne, a ainihi, wani m kudi wajibi, sanya daga tsananin a cikin wajabta form. Irin takardun ne babu makawa kuma indisputable IOUs.

Takardar kudi na Exchange dokar kusan dukkan kasashen dogara ne a kan takardar yarjejeniyar sanya hannu a Geneva a 1930.

By yanayin da fatauci, wanda ya shafi wani lissafin, sun kasu kashi da wadannan iri. Commercial takarda - wani daftarin aiki da cewa taso a ma'amaloli saye da kuma sayar da kayayyaki, da arziki na ayyuka da kuma yi kwangila aiki a kan bashi. Yana yana tare da goyon bayan takardun gaskatãwa ta kayayyaki hali. Financial - bayar da ma'aikatar kudi da bankunan tada ƙarin kudi.

Akwai biyu main iri wadannan Securities. Promissory rubutu - shi ne wani mika wuyansu da wajibi na issuer biya adadin kayyade a cikin daftarin aiki da mariƙin a request na ko dai kayyade lokaci. Lokacin da samun dama da daftarin aiki da asali mahalarta - da aljihun tebur da kuma Mai karɓar - kuma iya shiga da sauransu: endorsers da kuma taimako.

A lissafin - wani daftarin aiki tare da oda na aljihun tebur zuwa bãshin biya adadin rajista a shi payee (da mutum ga wanda a wani lissafin shige da hakkin ya sami kudi). Aljihun tebur - aljihun tebur, da drawee - payer. Wannan doka tana da ikon hadin gwiwa wajibi: kowace m mariƙin zama alhakin biyan bashin, tare da bashi. Yarda amincewa da canja wurin da cewa dama zuwa wani mutum, da ake kira mai yarda.

Bisa ga ka'idar samun riba, takardar kudi ya kasu kashi sha'awa (biya maras muhimmanci darajar da amfani) da kuma rangwame (biya kawai maras muhimmanci darajar, suka nema a rangwame ga maras muhimmanci darajar).

Class rubutu ne sosai bambancin. A kan tushen da issuer daga wadannan Securities zo a cikin biyu iri. Baitul takardar kudi - wani gajere bashi, wanda aka bayar da gwamnatin ko da Central Bank da balaga da 90, ko kuma kwanaki 180. Rikon kwarya takardar kudi ne wajen tilasta cikin wajibai a karkashin ma'amala. Suna amfani da su samar da rance, idan akwai rashin tabbas game da takalifi zuwa ga borrower.

A zaman doka da aka bayar kudi kungiyoyin, da hukumomi, bankunan. Irin wannan takarda sabis cinikayya da kuma kudi ma'amaloli. Su yi tunani da ra'ayi na aro tare da amfani. Tare da su taimako, shi ne mika rance, rasit na kasafin kudi, canja wurin haraji, albashinsu, musayar kudin kasashen waje. Wannan doka na da wani iri-iri. Friendly doka - bayar da mutum daya zuwa wani, ba tare da ana tare da niyyar sa payout ga shi, amma kawai don dalili na sa-kashe a banki. Sun yi musayar tsakanin mutane da aka gudanar a dogara (m) dangantakar, baya ga ba da belin zuwa banki da kuma samun kudi da shi, ko su biya kayan. Bronze ( "inflated") lissafin - wannan takarda, domin abin da akwai real ciniki da kudi yanayi, da kuma a kalla daya daga cikin mutane da hannu a cikin irin wannan aiki, shi ne almara. A cewar wannan takarda, za ka iya samun kudi a cikin banki ko amfani da shi biya kashe basusuka ga kayayyaki ma'amaloli, ko wasu kudi wajibobi. Wadannan promissory bayanin kula ana amfani da wani wuya kudi halin da ake ciki na bãshin ko fraudulent ma'amaloli. Irin takardun ne karya ne tsabar kudi kwarara.

Harkar Kuɗi takardar kudi a wurare dabam dabam kai ga mummunan aukuwa a cikin tattalin arziki da kuma shagaltar da albarkatun daga cinikayya, abu zuwa depreciation na kudi. A wannan connection, akwai manufar "doka na kumbura."