Bitrus Klodt, mai wallafawa: ilimin lissafi da ayyukan

Kwararren mai fasaha mai suna Klodt Petr Karlovich tun daga lokacin yaro zai zama soja. Kuma ya zaɓa mai ladabi. Kuma ya fara koya ba tare da masu jagoranci ba. Kuma, bisa ga irin halin da ake ciki, ya zama babban sahun farko. Shi ne wanda ya ba da sha'awa ga ci gaban wannan fasaha.

Har ila yau, ya sanya kayan aikin gida da wadataccen horo ...

Iyalin dangin iyali

Pyotr Karlovich Klodt, wanda aka ba da labarinsa ga mai karatu a cikin labarin, an haifi shi a St. Petersburg a cikin 1805. Mahalarta Klodt sun hada da manyan sojoji. Wannan sunan yana da matukar talauci, amma wanda aka haifa. Don haka, kakan kakanan ya fara shiga Arewacin Arewa kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin shahararren wadannan batutuwa. Paparoma Peter ma wani soja ne. Ya yi yaƙi da rundunar sojojin Bonaparte a lokacin Daular Patriotic na 1812 kuma ya kasance babban janar soja. Har yanzu hotunansa yana cikin gallery na Hermitage.

Lokacin da aka haifi Bitrus, mahaifinsa ya karbi sabon matsayi kuma ya hau hedkwatar Siberian Corps. Saboda haka, an yi amfani da hotunan yara da matasan sa ido a gaba a Omsk.

Ya kasance a cikin wannan Siberian birnin da ya ci gaba da sha'awar yin zane, gyare-gyare da sassaƙa. Lokacin da ya kasance sha biyu, ya riga ya yanke daga dawakai na bishiyoyi. A cikin waɗannan dabbobi ya ga wani fara'a maras kyau.

Yawancin wannan sha'awar ya wuce ga saurayi Bitrus daga mahaifinsa. Ya aiko shi daga rundunar takalman takarda, wanda aka yanke daga katunan wasanni. Bayan haka, a wani ɗan gajeren zarafi, mai daukar hoto na gaba yana ƙoƙari ya zana kuma ya yanke waɗannan dabbobi.

A 1822, shugaban iyalin ya mutu, kuma danginsa sun yanke shawarar sake komawa babban birnin arewa.

Sabis na soja

Tun da kakanni na matasa Klodt sun kasance soja, goma sha bakwai Bitrus ya yanke shawarar shiga makarantar bindigogi. Muraran, wannan lokaci a cikin rayuwar na sculptor da aka sani sosai kadan. Yana da shekaru goma sha bakwai lokacin da ya zama dan takara. Bayan haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ci gaba da yin aiki da shi.

A lokaci guda kuma, lokacin da yake da lokaci kyauta, ya koyi dawakai - kallon halin su, halayensa, hagu ... A takaice dai, ya fahimci waɗannan dabbobi a matsayin masu zane-zanen fasaha. Ba shi da wani malami, banda yanayi. Har ila yau ya ci gaba da biyan bukatunsa - zane ko zane-zane.

A shekara ta 1827, Klodt, wanda ya riga ya zama magaji, saboda dalilan rashin lafiya, ya bar aikinsa. Daga wannan lokacin ya mayar da hankali ga aikinsa kawai.

Daliban makarantar

Shekaru biyu, tsohon jami'in ya shiga aikin hoton da kansa. Ya, kamar yadda dā, ya yi aiki tare da yanayi, kwafe al'adun gargajiya da na zamani. Da zarar wani daga cikin kambi ya gabatar da babban sarakuna Nicholas I tare da siffar mahayin itace. Tun da autocrat yayi sha'awar irin wannan "wasan kwaikwayo", ya yi umurni don samun marubuci mai kyauta. A sakamakon haka, Peter Klodt ya kasance a cikin fadar sararin samaniya kuma bayan da masu sauraro tare da sarki ya zama mai saurare na Academy of Arts. Har ila yau, ya fara samun ribar tsabar kudi. Ya kasance 1829th.

Tun daga wancan lokaci mai daukar hoton ya ba da kansa fasaha. Ya fara sauraron laccoci, ya fahimci sababbin mutane masu kirki, daftarin zane-zane a cikin manyan gidajen tarihi da gidajen tarihi kuma ya ci gaba da zana siffofin dawakai da hussars. A hanyar, a cikin shekaru 30, waɗannan "wasan kwaikwayo" sun kasance a cikin babban bukata. An san cewa an ba da kayan ado irin na katako na Klodt a lokaci ɗaya ta wurin teburin ginin kanta. A cikin kalma, basira da kwarewa na mai zane-zane ba zai iya kawo 'ya'yan itatuwa na ainihi ba. Kuma ko da a baya fiye da yaro mai kirki da kansa ya sa ran.

Amma ga malaman makarantar, sun yarda da aikinsa, a kowane hanyar da za ta taimaka masa ya yi nasara. Amma jagorantar mai sauraron sauraron sauraro shi ne mai kula da ma'aikata. Martos. Shi ne wanda ya gabatar da shi zuwa gidansa ...

Aure a kan Rikicin Rector

A gaskiya ma, Peter Klodt, wanda tarihinsa ya cike da abubuwan ban sha'awa, ya zama baƙi a gidan Martos. Bayan ɗan lokaci ma ya so ya auri 'yar rector. Amma wannan bai faru ba. Amma ya fara yabon 'yarsa. Juliana Spiridonova - ita ce sunanta. Daga bisani, ta zama mace mai ƙauna mai aminci da uwargidan gidan. An yi bikin aure a 1832.

Bayan shekaru uku, iyalin Klodt sun sami magada - Michael. Bayan shekarun da suka gabata, ya zama masanin shahararrun mashaidi kuma yayi aiki a wasu kasashen waje.

Dokar farko na gwamnati

Bayan bikin aure, Peter Klodt (sculptor) ya karbi umarnin farko na gwamnati. Tambaya ne game da zane-zane na ƙofar Narva, wanda yake a babban birnin arewa. Kamfanin ya kunshi mutane masu ƙwarewa, irin su V. Demut-Malinovsky da S. Pimenov. Kodayake cewa matasan ba su da kwarewa a ayyukan da suke da shi, sai ya fito ya fito tare da mai nasara. Lokacin da a kan tudu na baka ya riga ya shigar dawakansa shida da ke ɗauke da karusar karfin al'ajabi, Klodt (mai fasahar, mai kirkirar wannan mashahuri) ya karbi ba kawai tallafin dan Rasha ba, amma har ma a fadin duniya.

Bugu da ƙari, bayan irin wannan nasara, mai shekaru 28 da haihuwa ya zama malamin kimiyya na Jami'ar Arts. Ya kuma zama farfesa a fannin tarihi, kuma ba tare da albashi ba, sai ya fara karɓar fansa na shekara-shekara. Kuma an ba shi babban ɗaki da kuma wani bita ...

Daga Admiralteysky Boulevard zuwa Anichkov Bridge

Lokacin da Klodt yi aiki a kan zane na da Narva Gate, ya samu wani tsari daga gwamnati. Dole ne ya kirkiro ƙungiyoyi biyu na rufi. A cewar shirin, za su yi ado da dutsen Admiralty boulevard. Sunansa "The Taming of Horse".

Bitrus Klodt ya iya samar da samfurori don wannan aikin kuma ya ba da su zuwa makarantar don tattaunawa. Masu ilimin kimiyya sun fi gamsu da aikin mai fasaha, kuma an yanke shawarar cika wannan tsari a cikakke.

Amma kamar yadda Klodt ya ci gaba da aiki a kan abin da ke ƙunshe da ƙofar Narva, dole ne in jimre a dakatar da aiki a kan "tamers." Bayan dan lokaci, lokacin da aka kammala aikin farko, mai daukar hoto ya koma abin da ya gabata.

Duk da haka, a yanzu ya ba da shawarar da za a sanya hotunan ba a kan Admiralteysky Boulevard ba, amma a kan Anichkov Bridge.

Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan tsari shine tushen ƙetare na katako, sa'an nan dutse ɗaya. Gidan gada yana da tabbaci, amma yana da matsala sosai ga babban babban birnin. Nicholas Ni kaina na fahimci cewa an buƙatar sake ginawa. Kuma a wannan yanayin, "Tamers na dawakai" na Clodt zai kasance a nan har zuwa aya. A cikin kalma, irin waɗannan ayyukan zai ba da gada wani abu na zamani. A sakamakon haka, sake gina ginin ya fara a 1840-m.

Amma tun kafin hakan, ƙungiyar farko ta "tamers" ta riga ta shirya, kuma masu saran suna jira ga tawagar su jefa kayan aikin tagulla. Amma shugaban sintiri na Academy V. Ekimov ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, ba tare da ya bar ba, rashin alheri, magajinsa ...

Caster

Ba tare da irin wannan ƙwararren kwararren likita bashi yiwuwa ba. Amma domin ya fahimci wannan, Klodt ya yanke shawara ya umurci aiwatar da wadannan ayyukan. Musamman mabarun da aka samu, an horar da shi lokacin da yake karatu a makarantar soja da Jami'ar.

A wannan lokacin an dauke shi ne kawai masanin fasaha wanda ya kware da fasaha. Saboda haka, ya karbi tayin don ya jagoranci dukan masu bincike. Hakika, bai ƙi ba. Don haka a karo na farko a cikin tarihin fasaha, wani mai fasahar wanda ba shi da ilimi nagari ya fara yin irin wannan bita.

A shekara ta 1841, Klodt ya riga ya samar da kayan tagulla guda biyu kuma ya fara shirye-shiryen yin gyare-gyare na biyu.

Amma a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar an bude Anichkov Bridge bayan gyarawa. Ƙungiyoyin tagulla sun ƙare sun kasance a kan ginshiƙai na dama na Kogin Fontanka, da kuma takardun filastar hagu ...

Tarihi tare da kyautai

A 1842, an yi gyaran kaya na biyu na biyu. Duk da haka, ba su isa Anichkov Bridge ba. Gaskiyar ita ce, Nicholas na kira shi mai zane-zane. Ya ce yana son ya ɗaukaka halittun Klodt. Kuma saboda haka sai ya yanke shawara ya ba da rigar tagulla tagulla ga Sarkin Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV.

A sakamakon haka, Klodt ya tafi Berlin. An ba da kyautar tagulla ga sarki na Prussian. Bayan haka, an sanya kayan hotunan kusa da babban kofa na fadar sarki. Wilhelm, duk da haka, bai kasance cikin bashi ba. Ya gabatar da Klodt tare da lu'u-lu'u na lu'u-lu'u kuma ya ba shi Babban Dokar Red Eagle.

Lokacin da ya dawo St. Petersburg, ya sake farawa "tamers." Amma a wannan lokacin wannan biyu ba su isa wurin ba, domin a wannan lokacin a Arewacin Palmira, gwamnan na Sicilies Ferdinand na II ya ziyarci. Rukuni na Rasha ya nuna wa Sarkin Sicilian halittun Klodt. A sakamakon haka, Ferdinand ya gamsu da yadda Peter Klodt ya zana shi, kuma ya nemi ya ba da wata ma'aurata. Sai ya faru. Abubucin tagulla na Naples ne, kuma mai kyauta mai kirki ne aka ba shi tsari na gaba.

Gaskiya, irin waɗannan takardun suna cikin Rasha. Misali, a cikin Golitsyn Estate da Petrodvorets.

Babban kan kerawa

Saboda haka, tun daga 1846 zane ya sake zana hoton kuma ya kammala dukkanin abun. Wannan tsari, a gaskiya, ya kasance shekaru hudu. Kuma a 1850, an cire takardun filastin daga gada, kuma an kafa adadin tagulla a wurinsu. Ta haka, Klodt (sculptor) Anichkov Bridge ƙarshe ya kammala zane. Aikin ya kasance shekaru biyu. Kuma dukan jimillar ya kawo wa ubangiji nasara marar nasara.

Tabbas, bayan klodt "tamers" ya halicci wasu ayyuka na sculptural. Duk da haka, a cikin ra'ayi na masu fasahar fasaha, "Anichkov dawakai" su ne ginshiƙan aikin artist.

Tanadadden mita 70

P. Klodt (masanin fasahar) ya ci gaba da yin aiki a kan dokokin da suka fi muhimmanci. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine sake gyarawa na gidan sabis na Marble Palace. Saboda haka, bisa ga aikin an ɗauka cewa dukkan kasan kasa an ba dashi ne, kuma ginin da ya shiga gonar zai zama filin wasa. Saboda haka, don kayan ado an halicce su ta mita 70, wanda ake kira "Horse a sabis na mutum." Marubucin ya Klodt. A cikin wannan aikin, mai zane-zane ya nuna hotunan gidaje na dawakai, hanya da farauta hotuna, dakarun sojan doki ...

Ayyukan da suka fi ruhu

Daga wasu hotunan na mashahurin babban abin tunawa da Ivan Krylov. Ka tuna, shahararren malamin ba a cikin 1844 ba. An kashe mutuwarsa a matsayin baƙin ciki a dukan ƙasar. A shekara ta gaba, ta hanyar lokuta, an sanar da biyan kuɗin da aka ba da kyauta, an haɗa ta da shigarwa da abin tunawa zuwa Krylov. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an tattara yawan kuɗin, kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Arts ta sanar da gasar tsakanin masu hotunan. A sakamakon haka, Klodt ya zama nasara.

Da farko, ya shirya ya cika umurnin a cikin hadisan gargajiya. Amma a ƙarshe ya halicci hoto mai hoto daidai.

A 1855 tagulla abin tunawa ga Krylov da aka kafa a cikin Summer Aljanna. Ana nuna alamar littafi mai suna kewaye da shi da dukan abin da ke cikin tarihinsa. Yin aiki a kan wadannan hotunan ya taimaki masanin kimiyya A. Agin, wanda a wani lokaci ya kwatanta waƙar "Dead Souls" by Gogol.

Bugu da ƙari, wannan abin tunawa ya zama mafi girma da kuma babban aikin Klodt.

Alamar kula da Mai tsaron

Bayan dan lokaci, Klodt mai fasahar (ayyukansa sun san fiye da Rasha) ya kai ga ƙarshe na ayyukansa. Muna magana ne game da abin tunawa ga Nicholas I.

Yawanci, duk rayuwar rayuwar mai zane ta wuce ta autocrat, karkashin jagorancinsa. To, wane ne zai iya tunawa da shi a tagulla? Klodt kawai.

A sakamakon haka, mai sanannun masani na Alexandria Column Montferrand yana da alhakin gina. Amma don yada siffar mutum, kawai Klodt zai iya zuba shi.

A farkon shekarun 1857, an kafa abin tunawa, a shekara mai zuwa sai maigidan ya fara zana siffar tagulla na tsar. Abin takaici, ƙuƙwalwa ya fito a cikin tsarin gyare-gyare, kuma sakamakon haka, yawancin sassa na adadi ba su cika ba.

A shekara ta 1859, an yi kyamara na biyu. A wannan lokacin duk abin ya fi nasara.

Duk da haka, don ya fitar da mutum daga cikin bitar zuwa wurin shigarwa, dole ne a karya daya daga cikin ganuwar. Babu matsaloli da yawa.

To, a watan Yuni na wannan shekarar an bude bikin ga sarki. Wannan aikin ya zama ba kawai ado na gaskiya na tarihin Ishaku ba, amma har ma da kyan gani na fasaha na duniya.

Anatomy

Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan gudanar da kai tsaye, Klodt Petr Karlovich, wanda aka san shi a duk faɗin duniya, ya inganta kayan koyarwa ga matasa matasa na Cibiyar. Saboda haka, a cikin shekaru talatin ya jefa wani sanannen "jikin mutum" daga tagulla. A wasu kalmomi, shi ne yanayin mutum wanda aka halicce shi tare da haɗin ɗayan malaman jikin mutum. Bayan ɗan lokaci, maigidan ya halicci kuma "Anatomy na doki."

Mutuwar mutuwar maigidan

Wani malami mai mahimmanci bai kasance a cikin kaka na 1867 ba. Da mutuwar mutuwa ta kama shi a kansa dacha a Finland. Sun ce cewa a lokutan karshe na rayuwarsa mai kwarewa Klodt (aikinsa ana gane shi ne mashahuri), kamar kullum, siffofin siffofi.

Sun binne Klodt a cikin cocin Katolika na Lutheran, wanda yake a babban birnin arewa. Kuma a shekara ta 1936 an cire toka na maigidan zuwa yankin Necropolis na masarauta. Sa'an nan kuma suka sanya sabon kabarin.

Kusan duk dangi na mai daukar hoto, ciki har da matarsa, ya kasance a cikin hurumin Lutheran. Abin takaici, dukkanin kaburburan Klodts sun hallaka ...