BlackBerry: kiwo, namo. cututtuka blackberry

Blackberry ne mai branched Dwarf shrubs tare da dogon mikewa ko kafa tushe na Rosaceae iyali, girma a fadin Arewa Hemisphere. Wannan al'ada da wani karfi tushen tsarin da za su iya shiga da zurfi cikin ƙasa, don haka ba ya daskare ko a mai tsanani winters. Har ila yau, saboda daga cikin jimlar kwanciya tsakiyar tushen shuka iya tsayayya takaice dai fari. Kuma yanzu da yawa shi samun ban sha'awa - yadda za a yi girma blackberries?

kula

Al'adu quite wuya ga damu, tun m kula da tsire-tsire ba zai iya kawai worsen ta bayyanar, amma har muhimmanci sauke da ake samu. Blackberry ke dauke heat- da haske-m al'adu. Ya likes ƙasa da tsaka tsaki da kuma weakly acid dauki. A ƙasa ga wurin zama na shi kada ta kasance m, da kuma tsakanin layuka ya zama rabu da mu weeds. A lokacin yawa flowering yana da muhimmanci cewa ƙasa ya m, amma kada a ba ruwa zuwa stagnate. A shuka ba jure Scotland da kuma ambaliyar ruwa yankunan, da kuma kula da blackberries ne yafi rikitarwa.

Bayan ruwan sama ko watering kasar gona ake bukata don yankan zuwa zurfin 8 cm, yayin da kokarin kada su karya da kadan asalinsu. Hanya bukatar ciyawa da girma gudanar da mahadi. Idan blackberry tsiro a kan rigar, talauci drained kasa, da shafi da aka ba da shawarar.

watering al'ada

An yi imani da cewa shuka ne fari-resistant, amma shi ya fi son danshi. A ra'ayi na bukatar kauce wa bushewa fita ƙasa, musamman da tsufa da 'ya'yan itace. By tsawo fari shan wahala aboveground ɓangare na al'ada: matasa sprouts ba su da lokacin da za a zo up yadda ya kamata, to a fara fada kashe riga aza kodan, da kuma data kasance berries bushe da marmashe.

Bugu da kari wani barga ƙasa danshi, kula blackberries bukatar wasu iska da kuma danshi. A wannan batun, a lokacin da dogon lokaci fari, ya kamata a yamma zuwa feshi da sarƙaƙƙiya.

Sun bushes a cikin shekarar farko bayan da wurin zama na bukatar m watering, kiyayye ƙasa m. Watering daukan wuri kawai ta kare dumi wasu ruwa drip Hanyar. A karshen lokacin rani ban ruwa an rage zuwa m, kuma a cikin marigayi kaka karkashin kowane daji ya kamata a zuba 30 lita na ruwa zuwa cikin shuka ba daskarewa a cikin hunturu.

top-miya

Kamar dukan sauran horticultural amfanin gona, blackberries bukatar a daidaita cin abincin nasu. Ingantaccen sha na gina jiki da dama a kan aiki mataki na samuwar, girma da kuma flowering. Wannan shi ne wajen daga watan Mayu zuwa watan Yuli, lokacin da blooms blackberry. Sake bugun ma da dama a wannan lokaci. A wannan lokacin, da bushes ana ciyar da fiye da takin. Amma bai kamata mu zaune al'ada domin zai iya mugun shafar amfanin ƙasa, kuma yanayin da sarƙaƙƙiya.

A mataki blooming shuka yana bukatar potassium, Saboda haka ake bukata don ƙara wani potash taki ko zuba daji ash cakuda (200 grams na ash lita 10 na ruwa). A kakar 'ya'yan cika aka kwashe foliar taki hadaddun kwayoyin ma'adinai, fesa bar tare da Bugu da kari na potassium, nitrogen da phosphorus. Duk wani miya da aka sanya a cikin ƙasa kawai bayan wetting.

ƙara kwayoyin

Blackberries, da watsuwar abin da Muka bã, shi ke tsiro a wuri guda domin game 10-15 shekaru, da kuma bayan wurin zama na 3-4-th shekara da ake bukata a kowace shekara don yin takin gargajiya (peat, takin, rotted taki), kazalika da samar da wani tsarma taki kaza taki a lokacin blossoming.

A organics suna yawanci kara a kaka digging, wanda aisles sassauta kuma ɗora Kwatancen uwa 1 square. m. to 5 kilogiram na taki, hadawa da shi tare da 40 g na potassium sulphate da kuma 30 g superphosphate. A cikin spring, da zaran na farko nucleate ovaries, hadu shuka na wani nitric miya (urea ko ammonium nitrate). Amma a karshen lokacin rani kada a ba taki - shi zai iya kai ga m ci gaba na al'adu, da kuma daji ba iya ayi kasafi shirya domin hunturu.

pruning blackberries

A cikin bazara da shuka ko kafin haihuwar koda an yanke, kuma karya kashe bayan da bushe hunturu twigs da makale by sanyi kafin na farko germs na saman lafiya ovaries. Bushes, da farko samuwar na biyu rage hõre :. A May don bunkasa ci gaban da gefen mai tushe trimmed sama na harbe na 5-7 cm, kuma a watan Yuli 8-10 cm an yanke a kan fi na waɗanda rassan da suka girma a cikin wani tsawon mafi girma daga 50 cm daga gare su riƙe kawai 6-8 karfi harbe, wasu suna kawai cire.

Yadda amfanin gona balagagge shrubs

A cikin balagaggu bushes, yanyanke kuma podmerzshie stalks, spring harbe pruned duk sako-sako da, da barin daji 5-10 lafiya harbe. A gefen reshe ne a yanka a cikin irin wannan hanyar abin da suka kasance 8-12 ovaries. Pruning blackberries ne ya sa ta da cewa a lokacin da girma lokaci da za a cire kafa a kan rani tushen seedlings, ajiye kawai wadanda da toho daga spring (kawai za su ba da 'ya'ya a cikin shekara ta gaba).

Spring rassan ya kamata a taqaitaccen a cikin kaka a wata tsawo na 1.8-2 m. Bugu da kari, da bukatar a yanka da mai tushe na dukan marasa lafiya, yana da muhimmanci a yanka a tushen duk matakai na shekara ta biyu bayan da suka kammala su fruiting.

BlackBerry: haifuwa

Dandana lambu amfani da hanyoyin da dama na shuka kiwo.

1. Apical layering. Wannan hanya ita ce manufa domin kiwo na iri shimfidawa. Tsakanin watan Yuli da Agusta kusa da asali bushes yin waƙa na 30 cm zurfin da kuma yada su neodrevesnevshie shoot tips. Bayan haka, cika su da gona. Kafin hunturu sprouts tafii da tushe, amma ba ya zo up. Tare da isowa daga spring harbe za a iya cire ta daga uwar al'ada da kuma dasa zuwa m wuri.
2. Tushen cuttings. Tun karshen watan Satumba zuwa tsakiyar watan Oktoba, kana bukatar ka tono sama da shrub gaba daya da kuma cire duk da rassan da kuma tushen yanka a cikin cuttings na blackberry (Up to 1 cm lokacin farin ciki da 7 cm a tsawon). Girbe albarkatun kasa adana a yashi, peat a wani sanyi wuri. A springtime, da zaran cikin ƙasa warms sama, shi zai zama wajibi in yi sako daga sama zuwa 15 cm a cikin zurfin da kuma tura wani tushen kashi kowane 20 cm. Sa'an nan cika da dasa kayan na damp ƙasa da kyau shayar. A lokacin bazara shi ne aka gudanar m hoeing, watering da kuma weeding. A farkon kaka, akwai kamata zama lafiya seedlings. Tare da wani balagagge uwar daji saya har zuwa 300 sabon shuke-shuke.
3. Suckers. Duk wani blackberry daji iya kawo a kowace shekara zuwa 20 matasa harbe daga tushen. Tsakanin watan Mayu da Yuni, a lokacin da rassan isa har zuwa 15 cm a tsawon, ya kamata a zabi karfi mai tushe, a hankali ware su daga babban daji sa'an nan nan da nan kasa m wurin. Irin wannan taron za a iya yi da kuma a cikin kaka, amma shrubs ba zai iya jure hunturu, kuma ba su girma blackberries.
4. Sake bugun ta rarraba daji. Wannan hanya da aka yi amfani da kawai idan al'ada ba zai ba da damar harbe. Shrub haƙa kuma ya kasu kashi 5-6 sassa, kowanne daga abin da riƙe 2-3 lafiya matasa rassan. A sakamakon albarkatun kasa sa a akai yankin.
5. Tsaba. Mafi yawa daga cikin iri a iri kiwo ne iya ƙunsar da masu juna biyu cika ga iyakar. Tsaba yawanci tattara a mataki na isa mafi ƙarfinsa domin hunturu suna sanya a cikin wani sanyi wuri domin stratification. A watan Maris, dauki fitar da tsaba, sharkaf ga dama, kwanaki a wani ci gaban stimulator ko narkar da ruwa, sa'an nan dasa a cikin kwantena daga sama zuwa 8 mm a cikin zurfin. Tsaba ci gaba da zuba da kuma adana a zazzabi na 20 digiri. Shuka shuke-shuke a bude ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu bayan samuwar 4 ganye. Nurtured hanya blackberry (haifuwa an bayyana a sama) ta fara girbi kawai 4th shekara.

cututtuka al'ada

Don a bayyana tare da na yau da kullum m fruiting, bukatar ka saka idanu da jihar na kiwon lafiya na bushes, don kauce wa gaban weeds tsakanin layuka, shafe tsawon stagnation na ruwa ko fari. Main cututtuka na blackberries:

• Anthracnose - karin berries, za a iya samu a karshen spring, haddasa m da kuma jinkirin cin 'ya'yan itacen.
• Rust - wata cuta da cewa halakar da matasa ganye da kuma mai tushe. Outwardly shi kama da launin ruwan kasa spots, rage yawan amfanin ƙasa zuwa 60%.