Brick: size. Girman silicate fari tubali

Fiye da tarihi, da cin gaban wani tubali ya halartar da yawa canje-canje. Amma har yanzu, wannan yanki wucin gadi abu ya rage mafi yadu amfani dutse don low-Yunƙurin yi.

A shekaru iyaka na tubalin, ko Shin shi lokaci zuwa ja da baya?

Na mutane da yawa kayan gini da bulo gasar a yin amfani da tarihi zai iya sa kawai itace ko dutse. A farko ambaci ta yin amfani da ake samu a da yawa da aka rubuta shaidarsu Asia. Found tubalin da tono a zamanin d Mesafotamiya da kasar Sin. Wayewa na Misira, Girka, Roma, Rum, kuma daga baya yadu amfani da wannan abu a yi. Saboda haka cewa ta fi} iyasta da shekaru lãka tubali ne akalla 5-10 shekara dubu.

Tarihi Girma lãka fale-falen, kuma tubali plinths

Hakika, da samfurin na lokaci haifa kadan kama zuwa zamani. Kafin sabuwar dabara na lãka harbe-harben fasahar shi ya nisa, da kuma mikakke girma na yumbu tubali ne na daban daga yanzu. Amma zamanin d Girkanci kumar kasko duwatsu, wanda aka yi amfani da don gina, bushe a cikin wuta. Kiln cewa gina kusa da abu na, sun dõgẽwa da dismantled bayan shirye-shiryen da kayayyakin. Tare da marmara, tubali, wanda girma da aka bambanta yayin daga 600 × 300 to 600 × 30 × 300 × 90 mm, ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan kayan gini a Girka. A Byzantine art na masonry ya samu wani sabon impetus zuwa cin gaban. Masters na lokacin amfani da hanyoyin na hada da wasu kayan gini da kuma tiles da damar don kafa m yumbu Tsarin.

A zamanin gushewa da kuma tashin matattu

A tsakiyar zamanai da yawa na zamanin d fasahar sun sunk a lokacin rani, tun da erection na gine-gine a Turai amfani da mafi kyau samuwa albarkatun kasa - halitta dutse, da na itace da kuma Adobe wani lokacin. Amma a cikin Eastern Roman Empire, wanda na dogon lokaci kasance mafi tasiri jihar a yankin, kwanciya ma'adanin na yumbu tubalan don adana da kuma ci gaba. Byzantine hadayu tubalin wanda girma ne daban-daban (daga 290 x 115 x 31 mm 350 x 350 x 51 mm) dogon zauna cikin rare gini abu farkon na da. A cikin XV karni Konstantinoful fadi, amma da fasaha na ta sana'a ba a rasa. Gudun hijira mazaunan daular, cewa rũgũguwar fita zuwa Turai, sun fi mayar da gudummawar da ci gaban birnin-jihohin Italiya kuma mafi iko jihohi a yankin na zamani Faransa, Jamus da sauransu.

Juyin Halitta tubali halaye: nauyi, size, raw kayan

Daga bisani fasahar tubali samar kullum samo asali. Don gane da halaye na abu da kuma kula da m sharudda domin ta samar da kayan hatimi. Tartsatsi da aka kirkiro a cikin Netherlands da kuma ta subspecies - clinker. A rarrabe fasali na da samar da wani m harbe-harben zafin jiki ne ya karu zuwa 1100-1500 ^{° C,} da kuma yin amfani da matsayin albarkatun kasa tonkoizmelchonnyh fusible clays. Al'ada yumbu tubalin Dutch masu girma dabam jeri daga 150 x 70 x 35 mm (abin da ake kira midget) da kuma har zuwa 280 x 130 x 80 mm (Convent size). Akwai kuma wata manyan-format duba shi - 280 x 130 x 70 mm, mai suna a cikin girmamawa St. Martin. Yana da aka yi amfani da don gina addini gine-gine da kuma hasumiyarki. Sunan clinker fito godiya ga rarrabe sauti na Klink. Yana tashi a lokacin da fita ba a kan ingantaccen yi na samfur. A sautin da shi bayãni "ringing" tubali samu Masters m manufa daga cikin kayan. Duwatsu tare da impeccable sauti da kuma bayyanar da aka yi amfani da don gina load-hali Tsarin ko cladding. Sauran kayan, wanda da dama a karkashin culling, amfani a yi fences, bayar da damar gudanar tituna a cikin sauran, kasa m yankunan. A sakamakon haka, clinker, wanda shi ne resistant zuwa inji danniya da kuma withstands fiye da 300 hawan keke na "daskare-narke" ya zama saman cikakken bodied kumar kasko. A karkashi kafa wata makaranta da gine gine-gine a yammacin Turai, wanda ba ya mika su a matsayinsu har yanzu.

Optimizing girman yumbu bango kayan a Rasha da kuma Turai

A farko yunkurin su ne na daidai da girman da wani tubali kafe a hoary tsufa. A Rasha, wadannan matakai ne mafi Peter I. Lokacin da shi tubali wanda size ya 280 × 140 × 70 mm, shi ne mafi fĩfĩta. Control sa'an nan da za'ayi tare da taimakon musamman yardsticks da suke tare da kowane master. Yana kai wani daidaituwa. Yana stigma lokacin da daure su cikin manufacturer deduced bungler tsaftace ruwa. Bayan duk yunkurin su ne na daidai da lokaci ya gana da 'yan adawa daga shayarwa da cewa sayar da kayayyakin akayi daban-daban da kuma nemi rage su size don kare kayan. A Trend zuwa ingantawa yumbu dutse masu girma dabam za a iya gano a ko'ina XVII-XX ƙarni, ba kawai a Rasha, amma kuma a kasashen Turai. Wannan shi ne saboda saukaka aiki tare da na al'ada kayayyakin cewa ba wahalad da stacking miniaturization ko kiba. A lokaci guda samun shahararsa amfani da daban-daban size yumbu dutse a Turai, ba da gini mai fara'a da kuma asali. Kuma wannan shi ne saboda da fadi da kewayon abu, wanda aka gabatar a kasa.

The iri da kuma masu girma dabam na yumbu kayayyakin a daban-daban jihohi

Mafi mashahuri a baya da kuma yanzu da tubali, da girma da wanda ake nuna a cikin millimeters bisa ga kasa da kasa da tsarin na matakan.

Dutch:

• midget (150 x 70 x 35).
• Convent (280 x 130 x 80).
• sadarwa. Martin (280 x 130 x 70 mm).
• Convent kananan (285 x 135 x 85).
• Convent manyan (285 x 135 x 85).

Belgium:

• "Arrows" (180 x 85 x 50).
• "Brussels" (200 x 95 x 60).
• "VA" (210 x 100 x 70).
• "Roman" (220 x 105 x 40).
• "Module 50" (190 x 90 x 50).
• Roman fi girma (240 x 105 x 40).

Jamus:

• 8-inch "Goldstein" (190 x 90 x 40).
• 8-inch (195 x 92 x 50).
• OF (220 x 105 x 52).
• WF (210 x 100 x 50).
• WF thickened (210 x 100 x 65).
• Roman (240 x 115 x 40).
• Convent (330 x 250 x 69).

Danish:

• misali format (DNF) (228 x 108 x 55).
• Convent (290 x 140 x 90).

Turai:

• EF (240 x 100 x 71).
• bakin ciki tubali (DF) (240 x 115 x 52).
• 2 DF (240 x 115 x 113).
• 3 DF (240 x 175 x 113).
• 4 DF (240 x 115 x 238).
• 8 DF (240 x 240 x 238).
• 10 DF (240 x 300 x 238).

Breakfast:

• misali (250 x 120 x 62).

Rasha:

• sesquihydrate (250 x 120 x 88).
• Single tubalin - size 250h120h65 mm;
• Dual (250 x 120 x 138).

Norwegian:

• misali (230 x 110 x 65).

Austria:

• misali (250 x 120 x 62).

Prussia:

• Convent "Marienburg" (320 x 150 x 90).

Babila (310 x 180 x 70).

Stone Byzantine (290 x 115 x 31).

Rasha tubali da kuma ta size yau

Its zamani siffar Rasha yanki daga lãka kayan samu kawai a 1927. Da ɗan baya a normative takardu bayyana girman guda yumbu tubali da kuma dabi'u-a-rabi da kuma biyu form. A karshe, wadannan bayanai za a amince da gabatarwar a cikin yin amfani na al'ada da naúrar na ji na tsarin abubuwa na gine-gine da kuma kayan, wanda bisa ga latest version of Gost 28984-91 aka mai suna "module". Mene ne ban sha'awa, da kalmar daya da rabi tubali da aka ba ta hanyar lissafi, tun da tsawo a kwatanta da guda ne 88: 65 ≈ 1,35. Irin wannan definition of shi a cikin jargon na ginin dokokin. Mafi sau da yawa lokaci yakan haifar da ƙuduri silicate fari tubali cewa shi ne 250 × 120 × 88 mm. Yi na kayayyakin daga yashi, kuma lemun tsami da aka samuwa ne kawai a cikin XX karni, bayan wani ingantaccen tsalle a cikin masana'antu samar da sunadarai kayan gini. By ta amfani da bushe latsa dabaru da kuma kira autoclaved alli silicate tubalin size, farashin da kuma karfin halaye ne ba m, dauka alkuki tsarin kayayyakin da aiki a waje da danshi da kuma high yanayin zafi. Bayan duk, da kudin 1 m ³ na wannan kayayyakin fara a $ 180, don haka su ne a bukatar.

A karshe, a cikin hali na tubali ko duk abin da aka kawai fara ...

A tarihin ci gaban da yumbu tubalan kuma su masu girma dabam sake tabbatar da cewa ci gaba da canje-canje a cikin yin amfani da yanki dukiya ne ba da nĩsa ba. Bayan juyin halittar yi masana'antu ne ba tsaye cik.