Byukenen Dzheyms: biography da kuma hoto

Cases a cikin abin da da'irar da nasara, m da kuma sanannun mutane za ka iya saduwa da cikakken namesakes, suna rare. Amma a karkashin sunan Byukenen Dzheyms da aka sani da dama shahararren mutane, daya daga wanda ya yi wani babban taimako ga ci gaban zamani da tattalin arziki. A owner of guda sunan shi ma wani nasara kasuwan Amurka, wanda ya mallaki wani babban taba kasuwanci, da kuma shugaban kasar Amurka. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin tarihin rayuwa da duk fice James Buchanan, kazalika da koyi game da isa yabo saboda abin da suka zama haka ne sanannu.

Daga Nobel da kuma shugaban na Amurka XV da almara, comic littafin gwarzo

Don kwanan wata, akwai da dama Amirkawa, waɗanda sunayensu da irin wannan hade - Dzheyms Byukenen. Waɗannan su ne mutanen da suke ba da alaka da juna sana'a ayyukan. Daya daga cikinsu - da karfi duniya kasuwa da kuma industrialist na XIX karni, wanda tara biliyoyin a taba masana'antu. Na biyu - Nobel Prize-lashe tattalin arziki Dzheyms Byukenen, jama'a zabi ka'idar wanda yanzu amfani da tattalin arziki da kuma siyasa masana kimiyya a duniya.

A wannan sunan kamar yadda baya biyu gwarzo na mu labarin, sa XV na Amurka shugaban kasar. Alas, ba za mu iya ce cewa ya gangara a tarihi saboda wasu musamman abin yabo, amma wannan Buchanan ma wani abu na a dama - da yarjejeniya da Amirka masana tarihi kira shi da mafi mũnin shugaban kasa a duk tsawon tarihin Amurka.

A jerin shahararrun masu wannan sunan za a iya dangana wani gwarzo, ko da yake, wannan daya almara. Sun zama daya daga cikin comic da littafin hali kinovselennoy Marvel - soja mai suna Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky Barnes). Zai ze cewa a cikin XXI karni, viewer iya ganin haka da yawa movie taurari da cewa yana da kõme ba zai iya mamaki. Amma tare da Bucky Barnes duk ya juya daga daban. "Marvel 'magoya an san su addini a gare Comics da kamfanin ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi soyayya ta almara haruffa. Ga kuma Byukenen Dzheyms, wata rana ya zama wani ɓangare na labarin na Comics, kamar farfado, kuma ya kasance mutum ne na kwarai. A halin da ya tafi ya idon basira da cewa a kan internet sadaukar magoya fim kamfanin shirya ya biography, waqe sadaukar da shi da kuma sharhi a kan dukkan on-allon mataki na wannan gwarzo.

A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin taƙaitaccen tarihin rayuwa da duk shahara James Buchanan, da kuma nuna cimma, saboda abin da suka zama tarihi. Ƙirƙira "Marvel," a tarihin rayuwar Bucky Barnes, mu, domin kare kanka da gaskiya, kuma ya m Fans, kamar yadda wani taƙaitaccen look a karshen wannan labarin.

Babban tattalin arziki da kuma Nobel Prize lashe

A farko na Buchanan biography wanda muka yi la'akari da zai zama mutum wanda cikakken sunanshi - Dzheyms Makgill Byukenen Jr ..

An haife shi a shekara ta 1919, a cikin daya daga cikin American jihohi, da ake kira Tennessee. Da farko samuwar wani nan gaba Nobel Prize lashe kasance cikin gida malamin horo. Mafi girma ilimi (digiri), wani saurayi daga Jami'ar Tennessee, nasarar kammala digirinsa na Faculty of tattalin arziki. Bayan da saki da ya kusan nan da nan ya tsara a cikin sojojin. Bayan wucewa da kayan yau da kullum na soja horo a cikin Maritime makaranta, ya yi aiki a Guinea, kazalika a hedkwatar rundunar motoci a Pearl Harbor.

Doctorate tattalin arziki Dzheyms Makgill Byukenen samu bayan da yaki, a 1948, a kan tushen da University of Chicago. Ga wani dogon lokaci ya na da hannu a cikin wata nasara koyarwa aiki, karanta ya laccoci a Jami'ar Virginia, kazalika da mafi babbar jami'o'i na Tennessee da kuma Florida.

A shekarar 1969, ya zama na farko da taba Darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Choice. Shi ma shugaban na yammaci da kuma kudancin tattalin arziki Association, ya gudanar da wani girmamawa mataimakin shugaban Amirka tattalin arziki Association. Kimiyya takardunku rubuta ta Buchanan, dauke da kayan a kan batutuwa na jama'a bashi, da ka'idar juna sabis, sassaucin raayi ka'idar, da aiwatar da zabe da kuma macroeconomics.

The aiki, wanda ya kawo fitarwa a duniya siyasa da tattalin arziki

Dzheyms Byukenen - da tattalin arziki, wanda aikin yi amfani a matsayin tushen zamani kimiyyar siyasa da kuma tattalin arziki. Ya kasance wanda ya kafa Virginia School of siyasa da tattalin arziki. Aikinsa ya zama mai kara kuzari bincike kuma gaskatãwa cewa daban-daban maras tattalin arziki da kuma sojojin sirri bukatun mutum siyasa da tasiri kai tsaye a kan tattalin arziki da manufofin kowace kasa.

A ka'idar jama'a zabi da James Buchanan yarda marubucin zama ta Nobel. Wannan mutumin ya zauna a fairly dogon rai, ya mutu a watan Janairu 2013. Yau sunansa shi ne saba wa kowane kimiyyar siyasa da kuma tattalin arziki, da kuma da dama daga cikin kimiyya ayyuka suna amfani da ko'ina a cikin binciken na ka'idar da yi na yin siyasa da tattalin arziki yanke shawara.

Taba tycoon kuma uba na zamani taba

Cikakken sunan mutum ne wanda a takaice Bio mu duba kara - Dzheyms Byukenen Duke. An haife shi a North Carolina a watan Disamba 1856. An kira shi da uba na zamani taba sigari, kuma domin kyawawan dalilai.

A cikin 1880s ya da ɗan'uwansa zama taba lura da yaƙi, ya kafa ta ubansu - Washington Duke. Da farko, su factory da aka sani kawai kananan alkuki a taba kasuwanci. Amma bayan shekaru biyu, James samu wani sabon hangen zaman gaba. Idan kafin duk sigari nada ma'aikata da hannu, amma a yanzu, tare da zuwan da na'ura na atomatik samar da wutar taba sigari, da tsari za a iya kara sau da yawa. Da kuma matasa Duke ya yi dukan abin yin wannan na'ura ya ci gaba.

Ya samu wani lasisi na duniya na farko na'ura, sarrafa kansa taba masana'antu tsari ƙirƙira by James Bonsakom makaniki. factory samarwa ya kai wani sabon mataki. The inji m juya daya m sigari da kuma wuƙaƙe cewa juya a daidai nisa, yanke shi a cikin da yawa kananan su. Iyakar abin da aka nada ta hanyar hannunka kafin ma'aikata su taba daga bushewa fita, yanzu da wannan manufa da aka impregnated da musamman sunadarai. Har ila yau, don inganta dandano na sabon taba soaking a molasses, glycerol ko sugar.

Number taba samar ya karu da m gudun. Idan kafin James factory ma'aikata da motsi zai iya samar da a kalla 200 taba sigari, a yanzu, da na'ura na canjin da sauƙi ba daga 120 dubu. Units! Kafin James Buchanan Duke, wani sabon matsalar - da sayarwa. Kundin, wanda ya fitar da modernized factory, shi ne 1/5 na abin da America kyafaffen duk lokaci. Kuma Duke tsunduma a m marketing. Ya kasance mai tallafa a daban-daban da suka faru, bada fitar da free taba a da daban-daban gasa, kazalika da fito da su zuba jari a fakitoci Collectible cards. Ya teams up tare da babban Amurka gasa da kuma Halicci kenkenewa - American Taba Company.

Daya kawai a 1889 ya ciyar a kan talla 800 dubu. Dollars. Ya taba son mutane ta cewa ya ya wanda ya sanar da America hayaki Rakumi. Amma babbar samar da kundin ci gaba da neman sabon, babbar kasuwanni.

Rarraba kasuwar for taba kayayyakin

A farkon 1890s ya aka cike take kokarin warware cikin UK kasuwar, amma sun kasance jiran shi gogaggen industrialists, wanda aka ba za su mika wuya. Karkashin barazana mamayewa da Duke a cikin sarari, suka karfafa a cikin guda kamfani, wanda bayan wasu lokaci ta yi kokarin mamaye kasuwar {asar Amirka, James. Ta hanyar tattaunawar a yi jayayya da aka kai da cewa ya ba da dukan jam'iyyun.

A wannan wuya lokaci ga James Buchanan na kasuwanci abokan aka yi aiki a kan shi m lawsuits. Daga bisani, a 1911, kenkenewa na American Taba Company daina wanzuwa. Bisa ga kotu, kamfanin ya kasu kashi da dama kananan kamfanoni, da kuma karkashin kulawa na James shi ne kawai daya daga cikinsu.

James nasarori a fannin makamashi

A farkon karni na ashirin Buchanan Duke kafa wani yawan kananan makamashi kamfanonin, wanda ya zama tushen ga halittar Duke Energy Corporation a nan gaba. Bugu da kari, shi na samar da wutar lantarki ga yadi Mills Duke (wanda shi ma ya yi aiki quite nasarar), da kamfani ya bayar da wutar lantarki haske birane da yawa a Arewa da kuma South Carolina. A cikin ƙasa na karshen a 1928 an halitta a tafki da cewa samar da wutar lantarki ga dukan gundumar. A tsawon lokaci, an mai suna a cikin girmamawa James Buchanan Duke.

Ba wai kawai da shiri na taba daular, amma kuma wani majiɓinci, na Jami'ar

Tarihi ya ambaci wannan mutumin ba kawai a matsayin uba na zamani taba. Tare da biliyoyin daloli a babban birnin kasar, James ya yanke shawarar kafa ta asusu tare da babban birnin kasar na $ 40 miliyan a 1924.

Yawancin wadannan kudi shuni ba Durham University, wanda yanzu aka fi sani da Jami'ar Duke.

Dzheyms Byukenen: biography, domin da babu kunya

Sunan Buchanan ba zai manta ba, domin ya yi mai yawa ga haske memory na shi ya rayu na tsawon karnoni bayan mutuwarsa. Mafi yawa daga cikin gādonsa Duke gãdar da sadaka: goyon baya da kuma ci gaban na Jami'ar Duke, kazalika da makarantu kamar University D. Smith, Davidson College kuma Furman University. Bugu da kari, wasu daga cikin kudi ya gãdar da dama wadanda ba riba asibitoci da kuma yara gidajen dake a Arewa da kuma South Carolina.

Ya shahara a duk duniya, 'yar - Doris Duke - ya gaji duk sauran dukiya, da kuma mahaifinta kudi. A cikin memory, a cikin ƙasa na Duke Farmes ta halitta mai ban mamaki hunturu lambu, inda m tarin sculptures da aka posted. Doris kira duk wannan kyakkyawa gidãjen Aljanna Duke.

Daya daga cikin mafi munin shugabannin a tarihin Amurka

Wani mutum mai suna James Buchanan bar ya alama a tarihin Amurka - XV shugaban Amurka. Its darajar a kai na jiha har yanzu a matsayin mai kawo rigima sosai. Wasu masana tarihi a amince kira shi da mafi mũnin abin da Amurka shugabannin da ake zargi da passivity da cirkaka. Babban hujja a Buchanan ne cewa gwamnatin da aka riga da rabuwar Amurka a Arewa da ta Kudu da kuma m farko na tsanani da yakin basasa.

Wasu yi imani da cewa da ra'ayi daga cikin jirgin cewa shugaban kasa kada ta kasance ta categorical. Kada ka manta da cewa dole ne ya gudu kasar cikin daya daga cikin mafi wuya lokaci. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni XIX, matsalar na bauta a Amurka ya ƙwarai da gaske. Adawa na Kudu da Arewa ba za a iya tsaya, da kuma hanya na tarihi na abubuwan da suka faru ba a canza, don haka ka iya cewa Buchanan ko da a matsayin shugaban kasa, da kuma manyan, ya m.

Haifi XV nan gaba shugaban kasar Amurka a watan Afrilu 1791, a Pennsylvania a wani fairly matalauta iyali da 'ya'ya da yawa. Duk da wannan, saurayin gudanar don samun dokar mataki. Da farko masu sana'a da kwarewa da ya samu yayin da aiki lauya a lokacin Anglo-American yaki.

A 1814-1816 gg. a cikin gidansa Jihar Pennsylvania , ya zama memba na majalisar dokokin kasar. A 1831 aka nada jakada a St. Petersburg gidan. Kuma a can ya quite nasarar sanya hannu na farko cinikayya yarjejeniya tsakanin Amirka da Rasha. Bugu da ari, ya gudanar da matsayi na Sanata da kuma ministan harkokin wajen kasar.

A 1856, da Democratic Party zabi ga shugaban kasar ne da takararsa. A wannan lokacin a Jihar Kansas , a halin da ake ciki wuya - akwai gudana biyu maƙiya gwamnatoci (magoya baya da kuma masu adawa da bauta). A ma'aikatan da aka jiran sabon shugaban kasa da yanke shawara a kan makomar Kansas. Ba na so in tsananta an riga wuya halin da ake ciki, Dzheyms Byukenen yanke shawarar hada da Kansas bawa jihar. Next, akwai wani yunkuri na bayi, wanda gwamnatin Amirka ne quite tauri don sa saukar. Kuma da danniya na tawaye ya sa ma fi girma division da kuma adawa tsakanin Arewa da Kudu.

Siyasa masana kimiyya da kuma masana tarihi sun lura da cewa, zai gaje shi, Abraham Lincoln, shugaban kasar Buchanan bar kasar a cikin wani mummunan jihar, a kan gab da yakin basasa tsakanin biyu irreconcilable sansani. Buchanan mutu a 1868, da ciwon a gabãnin mutuwarsa, rubuta wata} asida barata ta manufofin. Amma musamman da shi shi bai yi aiki ba, saboda a cikin tarihi na shi da ya zauna da mafi mũnin shugaban na Amurka.

A gaba harafin "Marvel" da sunan James

Kuma na karshe a san Byukenen Dzheyms, wanda biography za a tattauna a wannan labarin, da farko duba, bai dace da kamfanin ta gabata heroes. Shĩ ne kawai a almara, hali wanda biography da aka samu nasarar ƙirƙira marubuta "Marvel". Amma shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa an qirqiro don haka nasara da cewa comic magoya a duk faɗin duniya neman biography da gaske sha'awar da cikakken bayani game da rayuwar wannan almara, hali. Wannan hali da masu sauraro farko ga a 2010, a lokacin da babban allon zo "The First azabar ramuwa."

Saboda haka, bisa ga labari "Marvel", Dzheyms Byukenen Barnes (actor, don gane da siffarta a kan allo - Sebastian Stan) aka haife shi a m 1917. Ya nuna sakamako mai kyau a cikin daban-daban wasanni filayen, shi ya kasance wani shugaban a cikin aji. Da zarar James lura da yadda hooligans doke wani rauni yaron, ya miƙe a gare shi. Wannan yaro ya Stiv Rodzhers, wanda daga baya ya zama almara Kyaftin Amurka. Bayan da ya faru, da boys zama abokai ƙwarai. Tare da farko na yakin duniya na II Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky) Barnes da aka tsara a cikin sojojin, aka hunturu sansanin horo McCoy da aka aiko zuwa Italian gaban.

Winter Soja a kan Buchanan surname

Bugu da ari, ya aka kama da wani detachment na "Hydra" da kuma aka kama, wanda ya sha wahala da yawa da zagi, da azabtarwa, da kuma na dogon lokaci ya zauna a cikin kadaici. Wannan zaman talala sami da yara aboki wanda ya riga ya zama a lokacin yaki, Kyaftin Amurka. Ya rushes cece James kuma har yanzu saki da shi daga bauta. Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky) shiga cikin tawagar saki da shi da sauran da kuma su na kowa burin zama wani marmarin shafe da "Hydra" daga fuskar duniya. A lokacin daya daga cikin yãki Dzheyms Byukenen Barnes ta fita daga cikin jirgin kasa, jikinsa da aka taba samu, kuma duk sun amince da cewa ya mutu.

A gaskiya ma, Buchanan ta jiki da aka samu a daya daga cikin raka'a na "Hydra". Ya gaba daya sharewa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kuma na dogon lokaci a kan jikin James gudanar da daban-daban gwaje-gwajen. Domin shekaru da dama, da shi da aka nutsa cikin wani wucin gadi barci, wani lokacin ba a farke a lokacin da shi ya zama dole ya yi hakan da oda na kashe wani m shugaban.

A cewar daya daga cikin littafai na "Hydra", Buchanan ya kashe Kyaftin Amurka, kuma shi ne ba da cikakken ba matsala ga shi, domin memory, cinkin tunanin na yarantaka da abota, ya dade da aka sharewa. A dauke da fitar da wannan aiki, a daidai lokacin da kai tsaye adawa tsakanin Kyaftin Amurka da abokinsa, to James filasha fara komawa da memory, kuma suka tsira. Amma Dzheyms Byukenen, wanda yanzu duk kira Winter Soja, sa'an nan ya bace a sake.