Byzantine mosaics na Ravenna

A wani lardin gari, located a kan gaba na Adriatic Sea, sau da yawa yana canza masu mulki, kuma kowane daga cikinsu kokarin ado Ravenna sabon manyan gidãje kuma haikalin, tare da sakamakon cewa Italian jauhari da ake zama wata babbar cibiyar da gine-gine da art na kasar. Dake tsakanin Gabas da Yamma, shi ne wata taska trove na musamman wuraren tarihi, takwas daga waxanda suke karkashin kariyar UNESCO.

Duk da haka, babban janye daga albarka Ravenna an dauki mafi muhimmanci da mosaics, wanda aka lura a zahiri a ko'ina. Ingancin ta yi surprises da fascinates duk wanda ya taɓa al'adu na birnin tare da wani mai arziki baya.

The Art of Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine mosaic samar aka sa a rafi, da kuma duk haikali da sarakunan da aka yi wa ado da zane-zane na launin gilashi. Hakika, wannan ba quite daidai sunan, kamar yadda shi ne art - ba art. Halittawa daga cikin mafi girma da ayyuka rubuta ba su fenti, kuma aka dauka daga smalt guda.

A flowering na mosaic art dama a kan V-VI karni, da ake kira da zinariya shekaru. Mafi shahara a duniya gane kamar yadda Masterpieces na Ravenna mosaics kuma images of Hagia Sophia (Konstantinoful). Tarihi coci a Istanbul da kuma wannan rana ya rike da ikon da ɗaukaka da wanda ya sa aka baiwa ta halittawa - halittawa na zamanin d Rum. Beautiful ayyukan da muhimmanci warai a duniya al'adu, an kiyaye su a cikin mai kyau yanayin.

Haikali da mosaics na Ravenna: inconspicuous da alatu

Farkon Kirista majami'u, dating daga V-VII ƙarni, a lokacin da Ravenna shi ne babban birnin kasar na Yammacin Roman Empire, babu wanda ya yi mamaki gine-gine da mafita da kuma musamman kyakkyawa. Guests na tsohon birnin shigar da cewa zahiri shi bai sa wani ra'ayi: featureless titi, inconspicuous yankin, da rashin wata dama yanayi da kuma musamman launi. Duk da haka, a kan m facades na haikalin da kuma m tubali ganuwar boyewa da mosaic al'adunmu na gari. Original ayyukan art boye daga prying idanu, da kuma nemo su, za su yi don samun taswira na kauye, located a arewa-maso-gabas na Italiya.

Mosaics na Ravenna haka da kyau a san duniya cewa wasu al'adu abubuwa kasance undetected da yawon bude ido. M taska cewa yana da wani daidai a cikin wani birni a duniya, boye a baya faceless facades na tarihi gine-gine. Kafin mu yi magana game da babban girman kai na Ravenna, kana bukatar ka kula da siffofin da wadannan zane-zane.

Mosaic na smalt

Mosaic - a fi so ado na Kirista majami'u a wanda mafi cikakken embodies da ado akida na addini duniya. Wannan zanen da aka ci gaba da Rumawa, Ya halitta na musamman da fasaha na samar da glazes. A sauki handling gilashin suna kara da cewa da dama karafa (zinariya, Mercury, jan, da sauransu) to ba inuwõyinta suna kusa launi daban-daban. Babban kashi na mosaic zane-zane sun m, a size da kuma neatly aza tubalin.

Byzantine mosaics a Ravenna ya zama wata babbar bangaren a cikin kayan ado na makabarta, a ɗakin, basilicas, inda foreground gani ayyuka. Babban batu na alfarma da zane-zane ya zama Kirista tarihi da kuma Littafi Mai Tsarki da labaru. Technology kwanciya glazes kowace shekara inganta, da kuma marubuta daga m qagaggun ci gaba sabon formulations, da launukanku.

Features na fasahar

Abin da ke bambanta da Byzantine mosaic daga Roman? Babban siffa daga cikin yin amfani da zinariya zama bango a kan abin da aka aza tubalan da unpolished surface, an bambanta da matsayinsu dangi zuwa sauran abubuwa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Masters amfani da m contours lokacin da hoto iyakoki na jikin ko abubuwa, wanda ya ba da abun da ke ciki da annuri bango tsabta. Kamar wancan ne aka halicci guda masana'anta, da kyau shimmering a cikin haske na kyandirori da na halitta lighting. M wasan launuka da kuma tunani don ƙirƙirar sakamakon tashin hotuna, zaune rayuwarsu.

Artists Ravenna mosaic art makarantu, Yãna halitta, a cikin tsawon V na VII shekaru, aiki tare da wani palette, glazes kunsha na asali launuka kuma iri-iri daban-daban tabarau. Mafi sau da yawa, da cubes sun rectangular, square siffar, ko da yake wasu hotuna za ka iya ganin zagaye da kuma m abubuwa na manyan masu girma dabam - daga 7 zuwa 15 mm.

Heritage da kuma wayewar

Mosaics na Ravenna, wanda ya zama babban birnin na Yammacin Roman Empire, babu hanyar baya zuwa ban mamaki ayyukan Konstantinoful. City, waɗanda suke ɗauke da take da kyau art da al'adu, da yana da wani arziki al'adunmu, wanda ya zama tushen wahayi zuwa ga shahararrun marubuta da kuma artists. A zamani birni bai manta da zamanin da fasaha: a daya daga cikin kwalejojin ne rabuwa mosaic, wanda aka ziyarci ta biyu Italiyanci da kuma kasashen waje dalibai. Yana bakuncin taron bita da taro, kawo tare da kwararru daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Ravenna bukaci talanti yi maido aiki, haifar da ban mamaki kofe daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan da za a iya saya a cikin art galleries birnin. Hukumomi suna sane da mosaic na babban birnin kasar, cewa babban aiki - shi ne ba kawai don adana kasa taskõkin, amma kuma Mu sanya su jama'a.

Kabarin na Galla Placidia

Cikin tsofaffin gine-gine abin tunawa ne kabarin na Galla Placidia a Ravenna. Mosaic kafa a V karni Byzantine Masters halitta, wanda ya kawo daga Istanbul Theodosius Great yar. A gaskiya, kamar yadda masu bincike samu, ba real kabarin, tun Gallus aka binne shi a Roma, kuma wannan gini, neman quite mai sha'awar, shi ne wani karamin ɗakin sujada sadaukar da St. Lawrence - ya zama majiɓinci saint na iyali daular.

Ingrown a lokacin da dama ƙarni wata taska a ɓõye, a cikin ƙasar da tubali da tsarin, da irin wadda ake gaske kowane baƙo. Ta ƙunƙuntar windows, aza yasfa faranti, iya shiga haskoki na rana, kuma a cikin rage haske shimmering mosaic cubes Ravenna, kamar lu'ulu'ai. Wannan mu'ujiza ne da bayani - don haka wasa smalt yada daban-daban tabarau na launi. Tsarki haske faru a kan roughened surface da aka nuna a kusurwoyi mabambanta, kuma vaults da ganuwar da kabarin da jũna a soke a gaban farin baƙi.

supernal sha'awa

Mosaics na Ravenna, photos na wanda haifar da tashin hankali ko da a tsakanin mutanen da nisa cire daga art, nan da nan ya bayyana. The Dome na kabarin da UNESCO-kare ne a blue taurarin sama a cikin hedkwatarsu da haskakawa a zinariya giciye, directed zuwa gabas, da kuma hudu baka ado da alamu na masu bishara Rumawa - bijimin, zaki, mikiya, da mala'ika. Nan za ka iya ganin fita tsoho duniya, da kuma maye zai nuna zane-zane a wani mabanbanta kyakkyawa - allahntaka.

symbolism

Sun Iisus Hristos ne wanda aka nuna a matsayin Good Shepherd kewaye da wani garken tumaki. Yana da na kowa for farkon Kirista image Mai Cetonmu, kawai shunayya, da zinariya tufafi da nuna wanda shi ne a gaban mu a zahiri. Yana bayyana Figures tsarkaka a kan wani blue bango, tunatarwata na zamanin d haruffa a Roman togas, da kuma inabi - a arna bacchanalia.

Duk da haka, da artists wanda ya yi mosaic, bai wa m ma'anar kowane image: sauraron Almasihu tumaki - garken, shan daga bayyananne rafi tattabarai, da barewa - Kiristoci, mamaye sabon koyaswa, da kuma wani gungu na inabõbi - Gonar Adnin, a cikin abin da mũminai fada.

Mosaics na Basilica na San Vitale

Kusa da kabarin ne sanannen coci na San Vitale a Ravenna. Mosaics na Basilica, sanya ta Byzantine sana'a ne babban arziki na ascetic-neman gine-gine abin tunawa, inda sauran kaya daga cikin majiɓinci, saint na albarka birni - St. MUHIMMIN. Kirista da suka mamaki game da kyau na ruhaniya, ba na waje, ba ado da haikalin, ta ke a alatu for ciki da ado. Sanya a cikin VI karni Byzantine mosaics na San Vitale a Ravenna, wanda aka dauke mafi kyau a waje na Konstantinoful, adorns bagaden part, da apse da tadawa da bagaden. Mahalli daga Tsohon Alkawali, Yesu 'image da tsarkaka, Sarkin sarakuna Justinian da matarsa ne sosai daban-daban daga cikin zane-zane a cikin kabarin.

Babban bango a zane-zane tsaye a launi zinariya, da kuma Figures kama su sun rasa littattafai. Sai suka juya cikin lebur silhouette da ze disembodied. Ko da yake da nauyi drapes tufa a karkashin su folds kada ka ji jiki a jikinsu. Mesmerizing ganinsu na babbar idanu a da mutanen da suka sallame su.

ruhaniya ainihi

A cikin canvases nuna da baiwa master ba yanzu-yanzu, da kuma kira ga madawwami, da nuna wani abu harsashi, da Allahntakar, da kuma motsi na canji zo daskararre images da tafarki a zahiri maimakon girma. Akwai wani tabarau na santsi a mulki, da kuma mosaics na San Vitale a Ravenna ne babban launi aibobi.

Byzantine m mawallafa taba gani da Sarkin sarakuna da matarsa kokarin kai ne ba a hoto kama da kuma ruhaniya ainihi, don gane da ra'ayoyi da kyakkyawa. Mijinta, babban monarch, Zagayawar a lokacin da Church watsa zinariya tukunya a matsayin kyauta. Justinian ta kai, ba kai da wani muhimmanci yanke shawara ba tare da mace, qawata da Halo. Ba shi yiwuwa a ga ambato na hali: duk naman da na yanzu-yanzu hagu waje Haikalin, da kuma sarki a cikin na biyu rabin wanda aka nuna a matsayin manufa m.

Basic launi bangarori cewa ya jaddada festive yanayi Basilica - fari, blue, da zinariya, da kuma kore. Guda na glazes suna aza a kusurwoyi mabambanta, kuma su jefarwa haske bada alama na mai ban mamaki yanayi Ribar da dumi sunshine. Shi ba a san, abin da ya sãme mafi: da tunani-fita abun da ke ciki, finely yi aiki da cikakken bayani, ko cikakken launi iri daya.

Yadudduka Baptistry na Neon

A V karni, akwai wani gine-gine abu, gane a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Monuments a duniya - da birnin Baptistery. Ravenna Mosaic, cikakken da marmara inlays da moldings, kamar yadda idan rubũtacce a cikin tsarin da Dome, akayi nufi don baftisma da kuma wanda yake guda shekaru a matsayin kabarin na Galla Placidia.

Masters amfani da wani farɗan mai dabara: duk guda da kuma raba su abubuwa - a irin iyaka, da kuma tsakiyar faifai yawo zinariya haskoki. A cikin domed panel za a iya gani da baftisma Almasihu da Yahaya Maibaftisma scene, kurciya, NUNA da Ruhu Mai Tsarki, da manzanni 12, qazanta da kambi na shahadar. Figures manzannin Allah, aka nuna a duhu blue bango aka nuna a cikin motsi, da kuma surface a kan abin da suka matse, ya dubi m. Almajiran Yesu dasu mamaye biyu launuka - zinariya da fari, embodying ibada. Fuskoki a cikin manzanni, da karfi da hali, kauri.

Batutuwa na Urushalima ta Sama

Dalibai Almasihu nuna yadda haske dako Kirista ilimi. Ceto an yi masa baftisma, yana kuma zuwa ta wurin alherin da Manzanni daukar kwayar cutar zuwa ga Ikilisiyar a duniya, wanda aka nuna alamar bagadan. Kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa a kan Dome na Baptistery ake dangantawa da Kirista ruhu, fitar kyawawan' ya'ya. Irin wannan arziki ado na addini Tsarin jaddada musamman muhimmancin ga muminai baftisma, kuma dukan abun da ke ciki ne da alaka da sauran batu na New Urushalima - cikin birnin, ya aiko Yesu domin ya Duniya-lashe.

Daya iya kawai sha'awan da musamman kyauta Nameless talanti, wanda alfahari zamani Ravenna. Mosaics kuma frescos Baptistery, liyi da kananan duwatsu arziki launi palette, tare da nuna lokacin daidaito da aka yi da na gida da kuma ba Byzantine Masters. Suka halitta mai m abun da ke ciki, tsanin haske launuka.

m ayyukansu

Ancient Ravenna, ya juya daga babban birnin kasar, a wani lardi gari, shi ne wuce yarda rare tare da yawon bude ido. Shekaru da yawa sun wuce, shi ya canza, amma ko da yaushe ya kasance ta m Masterpieces cewa tsira da halittawa da kyau-tsare. Amazing mosaics na Ravenna, daga abin da shi ne da wuya su tsaga ra'ayoyi ne ban sha'awa domin duk yawon bude ido suka yaba kyau abubuwa.