Catherine 2 Board

Catherine Period 2 mulki a Rasha (1762 - 1796 gg.) - a lokacin babban canje-canje da kuma gagarumin events a cikin rayuwar mutane.

A nan gaba Empress na Rasha, haife Sofia Augusta Frederika na Anhalt-Zerbst farko zo zuwa Rasha a 1745 bisa gayyatar da Alisabatu. A wannan shekara ta aure cikin Grand Duke Peter Fedorovich (Bitrus 3). Dislike mijinta ta rashin lafiya da kuma Elizabeth sun haifar da wani halin da ake ciki inda akwai wata barazana ga ta fitar daga Rasha. Bisa dogaro da Guards rajimanti, a 1762 ta sanya a zubar da jini ba juyin mulki, kuma ya kasance Empress. A irin wannan yanayi da hukumar 2 Catherine fara.

A Empress ya kasance mai aiki garambawul kokari, kuma sunã nẽman ta karfafa ya sirri iko. A 1767 ya gudanar da rubuta sabon Code Hukumar. Majalisar wakilan majalisu, duk da haka, ya juya ga zama nin zuwa Catherine da aka wargaza rundunar

A 1763, don inganta gudanar da tsarin, shi gudanar da mazabar garambawul. A majalisar dattijai, shi ne shida sashen, ya kuma rasa na da hakkin ya gudanar a jihar na'ura, zama cikin mafi girman shari'a da administrative iko. Yana da aka mayar da Berg-Collegium, Cif Majistare da kuma ƙera Collegium. Karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma bureaucratization na kasar ikon gudu a layi daya zuwa wani kwari taki. Domin warware kudi matsaloli v1763- 1764 Catherine ciyarwa da secularization na coci ƙasashe (su translation cikin zaman jama'a da dukiya), wanda ya sa don bunkasa cikin aljihun da kuma neutralize malamai kamar yadda wani iko na siyasa da karfi.

Catherine 2 mulki ya ba da taushi. A lokacin ta sarautar yana da Pugachev tawaye. Baƙauye War 1773-1775 ya nuna cewa wannan kashi na jama'a ba ya goyon bayan ta. Kuma Catherine yanke shawarar da ya karfafa absolutist jihar, dogaro a kan nobility.

"The Yarjejeniya" nobility da garuruwan (1785) jerin tsarin da jama'a, tsananin denoting cikin rufaffiyar kadarori: nobility, limaman, Kasuwanci, tausayin bourgeoisie da serfs. A karshen dogara ne kullum karuwa ne, da samar da yanayi na farko na "daraja zinariya shekaru."

A zamanin mulkin Catherine 2 mulkin gargajiya tsarin a Rasha ya kai ta koli. A Empress bai nemi canza tushe na rayuwar zamantakewa. Bisa ga aiki na serfs daular kursiyin aminci a kan gaskiya nobility, kuma mai hikima Empress, wanda ya yi mulki a kan dukan - don haka duba rai na kasa a wannan lokaci. Cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin da za'ayi kawai a cikin bukatun da wani Karkasa jihar. Mallaka m ya peculiar dangane da larduna (Little Rasha, Livonia da kuma Finland), kazalika da fadada da kuma yada wa Crimea, da Yaren mutanen Poland Kingdom, da Arewa Caucasus, wanda ya riga ya fara ƙara kasa matsaloli. A 1764 Hetman da aka soke a Ukraine, ta sarautar aka nada shi gwamnan-janar da kuma shugaban kwamitin Malorosskoy.

A 1775 aka farkon management garambawul. Maimakon 23 larduna halitta 50 sababbi. A breech jam'iyya bada kwatance masana'antu Order - jama'a cibiyoyin (asibitoci da makarantu), kotuna rabu da gwamnati. shugabanci tsarin zama uniform, da ƙarƙashin gwamnonin tsakiyar kolejoji, gwamnoni da karshe da Empress.

An sani cewa zamanin Catherine 2 - shi ne ma da tsawo na gatanci. Amma idan Elizabeth ne sabon abu ri cuta zuwa jihar shi ba su kawo, yanzu fadi da rarraba jama'a da ƙasashe serfs fit Empress manya fara sa fushi.

Haskaka absolutism na Catherine - shi ne lokacin da na ideas na zamantakewa da siyasa theories na 18th karni, a cikin abin da cigaban al'umma kamata je a wani juyin hanya a karkashin shiryarwar samu haskaka monarch da ƙaunataccen da mutane, wanda mataimakansa ne da masana falsafa.

A sakamakon sarautar Catherine da 2 ne sosai muhimmanci ga Rasha tarihi. Jihar ƙasa ya girma muhimmanci, kasafin kudin kudaden shiga sun karu har sau hudu, yayin da yawan jama'ar ya karu da 75%. Duk da haka, haskaka absolutism don warware dukkan matsaloli na gaggawa da kuma iya ba.