Coke tanda, batura: da na'ura, da aiki da ka'ida, da nada. Coke Production Technology

Metallurgical masana'antu kawai zai yiwu ba ba tare da yin amfani da coke, wanda samar da makamashi domin dab da baƙin ƙarfe-dauke da tama a cikin shaft da harin gagarumar wuta. Duk da haka, tsari ga samar da coke wajen laborious da kuma dogon. musamman masana'antu raka'a kira "coke tanda, batura" an gina don ƙirƙirar shi. A kan su na'urar, alƙawari kuma halaye da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

definition

Coke tanda, batura - a metallurgical hadaddun, wanda babban dalili ne zuwa tsirar a so adadin coke don m sufuri zuwa yankin management. Wadannan wurare bambanta cikin sharuddan size tsakanin kansu, amma a kowace harka, su size ne quite ban sha'awa.

zane

The na'urar na coke batura wadannan. Babban abubuwa na wadannan Tanderu waɗanda ake kira carbonization jam'iyya. A cikinsu akwai da albarkatun kasa stacking tsari. Coking ɗakuna a makera, akwai fiye da dozin. Har ila yau, m baturi Kwayoyin za a iya karanta da kuma dumama lokaci a wadda makãmashinta konewa faruwa. Kiyasta mikakke girma na coking jam'iyya ne kamar haka:

• Tsawon - daga 12 zuwa 16 mita.
• Height - 4-5 mita.
• Nisa - 400-450 mm.

A general, hadaddun, inda da coke baturi iya aiki ci gaba na dogon lokaci, qunshi wadannan aka gyara:

• Karbar hopper, wanda ya karbi danyen kwal.
• Branch hadawa da kuma, kawar da kwal.
• Rarraba hasumiya.
• Trolley handling.
• coking jam'iyya.
• Ejector coke.
• quenching mota.
• quenching hasumiya.
• A dandamali a kan abin da baki ostuzhennoy gama samfurin.

The sosai guda makera coke samarwa a general aka hada da:

• Kamara don saukewa da kwal cajin.
• Dumama bangare tare da dumama tsarin na canals.
• A gas rarraba tsarin da iska wadata.
• A regenerator domin dumama iska da kuma wani fitarwa flue gas.
• Bawuloli da sunadaran.

rarrabuwa

Coke tanda, batura, dangane da yanayin da aiki ne na lokaci-lokaci da kuma ci gaba da aikin. Wadannan batura za a iya kona:

• Exceptionally tsãwa makera gas.
• Kawai coke tanda gas.
• A cakuda tsãwa makera gas da kuma coke.

baturi dumama kewaye iya sun hada da:

• Changeover tashar, ta hanyar abin da gas da wata damar fada tsakanin Piers.
• Guda biyu tashar for recirculation.

Dumama gas ga baturi kawota a cikinta a cikin iri biyu:

• Side lokacin da coke tanda gas ne a kornyuru (gas rarraba tashar), da kuma cikin iska da kuma fashewar makera gas - a kan hearth tashoshi regenerator.
• Kasa na musamman iska rarraba cibiyar sadarwa.

A 'yan kalmomi game da regenerator

Wannan musamman zafi canja wuri na'urar sa zafi canja wuri matsakaici cikin lamba tare fili alama saman na coke tanda. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa zafi zafi m heats sanyi bango da kuma bututun ƙarfe, da kuma bayan cewa su bi da bi canja wurin zafi da sanyi da zafi m riga.

Akwai sauran iri zafi exchangers, wanda ake kira "recuperators". A cikin wadannan zafi da sanyi zafi canja wuri ruwaye, musayar makamashi tare da juna ta hanyar wani musamman gina garun therebetween. A wannan na farko sauka kasa da zafi gas kwarara, sa'an nan akwai wani aiki changeover bawuloli, inda ya isa kasa up fara tashin riga sanyi airflow.

Hanyar man fetur tattalin arzikin a samar da coke

Coking aiwatar da kanta ne quite makamashi-m, wanda aka sa ta amfani da manya-manyan yawa na man fetur. Saboda haka, da wadannan hanyoyin da ake amfani da su rage kudi na ta amfani:

• Amfani da coke bushe quenching fasaha. Godiya ga samfurin thermal makamashi da ake amfani da su zafi tururi ko ruwa. A musamman, tare da daya ton na gama coke da aka samu game da 1 GJ zafi a cikin nau'i na tururi.
• Zamani regenerators amfani ga iyakar zafi dawo daga konewa kayayyakin. Alal misali, yana yiwuwa ya kara dumama yankin a cikin bututun ƙarfe.
• Lissafi na da mafi kyau duka lokaci tazara tsakanin sauya sheka bawuloli. Bukatarsa ce, cewa mafi sau da yawa sun canja, sa'an nan ƙarshe shi zai ba da damar rage adadin regenerators da zafi asarar a gare su. Duk da haka, ya kamata ka shakka a lura cewa ma m bawul aiki zai babu makawa kai ga su m lalacewar da kuma ƙarin nauyi a kan dukkan alaka da gyara da kuma kayayyakin gyara.
• Da dumama da cajin da coke bushe quenching ne da za'ayi a lokaci guda.

aiwatar

Coke samar da matukar wuya. Saboda haka, mu fahimci yadda yake aiki a cikin real duniya, wajibi ne a san fasaha sake zagayowar, kamar yadda bayani kamar yadda zai yiwu.

samar da coke shagon ko da yaushe yana farawa da kwal hasumiya. Shi da ke shiga da shi raw. A kasa na hasumiyar, akwai na musamman bawuloli. Ta hanyar su, da kwal da aka hawa zuwa samun hopper uglezagruzochnoy na'ura. Don ware wani ci rataya a ciki hasumiyar tare da dukan tsawo summed matsa iska wanda aka ciyar da discontinuous hatsaisai da kuma tabbatar caving manne ga ganuwar da tsari hasumiya. Tower za ta cika da ba kasa da kashi biyu bisa uku na ta girma.

Uglezagruzochnaya inji cika ko dai ta ƙarar ko da nauyi. Kan aiwatar da ta cika ba a kula da kaya masu nauyi. Coal an ciyar da gagarumar wuta nan da nan bayan da bayar da ƙãre coke. Lokacin da wannan ya auku cikin cajin ciyar ta hanyar saman. A lokacin loading da coke tanda alhakin mutum - ƙyanƙyashe - ya hada da sosai makera gas tara da activates allura. A duka loading aiwatar daukan daga uku zuwa shida da minti.

Tandã sa'an nan a hankali shãfe haske, kuma yana farawa da tsari dumama tsari. coke a coke batirin fasahar samar da wadannan zazzabi matakai:

• A 100-110 ° C wuce ci bushewa.
• A cikin kewayon 110 ° C - 200 ° C da kuma kasaftawa gigrosokpicheskaya colloidally daure danshi occluded gas.
• A 200 ° C - 300 ° C gudana thermal shiri, wanda yana tare da samuwar gaseous kayayyakin na thermal ƙasƙanci da tsakiyan nonon da oxygen-dauke da thermally labile kungiyoyin.
• 300-500 ° C - da yawan zafin jiki fuska a cikinsa akwai wata roba jihar. Maida saki gas da tururi, da ruwa lokaci ne kafa.
• 550-800 ° C - na matsakaici coking. Kira tsananta.
• 900-1100 ° C - High zafin jiki carbonization.

Kaya na coke dafuwa

Coke tanda, baturi, da manufa na wanda aka bayyana, a wannan labarin na bukatar wani horo na musamman kafin bayarwa ƙãre samfurin fita daga shi. Babu kasa da minti ashirin kafin a bayar da tanda a kan wani m-akai yanke daga plenum da kuma bayar da rahoton da shi zuwa ga yanayi da bude murfi da na riser.

Bayan nan, cikin tanda, kofa kau da ejection aka yi a cikin masallãci kwakwa quencher wagon da musamman mashaya. A wannan yanayin, idan har bisa wani dalili akwai wani bata lokaci ba na shirya coke fiye da minti goma, da ƙofar dole ne a kafa da baya a wuri. Shi ne wanda bai kai ga bude murfin na risers ne tsananin haramta, kamar yadda wannan na iya haifar da wani tsanani auka daga cikin rufi a ciki da baturi. Bugu da ƙari, kofofin Tanderu dole ne dole a barrantar na graphite kuma guduro kafin da kuma bayan aiwatar da bayarwa da ƙãre samfurin. Coke quenching a wani musamman mota - a m hanya, saboda ba tare da wannan aiki gama coke iya sake Ignite.

coke batura lissafi tanadi cewa makera ya kamata da aiki da kiyaye lokaci. Lokacin aiki zagayowar ne da za'ayi coke turawa, da kuma lokacin da tabbatarwa - za'ayi kiyaye duk shuka da kuma kayan aiki, tsaftacewa da sauransu.

jigon

A can farko na coking kwal da aka bushewa, duk adsorbed gas suna cire daga shi kuma bazuwar farawa. A lokacin da kwal a cikin roba jihar sauyin zai fara sintering - wani tsari da shi ne hukunci ga dukan coking sake zagayowar. A cikin uku lokaci shigarsu calcination da kuma Semi-hardening. Yana farashinsa da danko sosai taro juriya inganta gas a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa gas plenum, game da shi, ya kafa wani matsin lamba coking, wanda a yi an cika ta shrinkage na riga ya kafa coke.

kiyayewa

"Me zai hana ka dakatar da coke batura?" - cewa irin wannan tambaya na iya ji sau da yawa daga wani mutum, da nisa daga intricacies kuma nuances na coke samar. The abu ne cewa wadannan raka'a aka tsara don aiki a karkashin wani yanayi (high zazzabi, abrasion da sauransu. D.) Kuma a cikin hali na wani unscheduled tasha, ba tare da ta dace horo, wadannan dafuwa ne iya rasa your ciki masonry, wanda aka kawai hallaka. Duk da haka, a yi wani lokacin da a ka dakatar da aiki na coke tanda, baturi kuma yi opredlenii kiyayewa matakan. Yadda yake aiki - bayyana tsayi da yawa, muna bukatar kawai nuna cewa akwai wani da ake kira "sanyi" da "zafi" kiyayewa. Wanne version of su zabi - shi solves kanta Manager, dangane da halin da ake ciki da kuma dalilai domin dakatar da aiki na naúra.