Count Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev: biography

Tun zamanin da, daga cikin mafi girman Rasha aristocracy sun philanthropists, da gudummawar da ci gaban kasa art. Su aikin sanya shi yiwuwa a bude har zuwa mutane da yawa da basirar, da gudummawar da tashi daga wani sabon matakin na rai na ruhaniya na kasar. Daga cikin su ya Count Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev, wanda biography ya ba da dalilin rubuta wannan labarin.

magaji Croesus

Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev aka haife Yuli 9, 1751. Fate hukunta cewa shi magaji zuwa daya daga cikin mafi arziki da kuma fi misalta aristocratic iyalai a Rasha. Mahaifinsa - Bitrus Ivanov, shugaban Sheremetev - ya zama ma'abũcin daya daga cikin manyan jihohi a kasar nan, shi ne m auri 'yar wani shahararren dattaku, kansila na Rasha - Prince A. M. Cherkasskogo.

A lokacin da aka yadu da aka sani a matsayin mai shuni da kuma zama majiɓinci daga cikin zane-zane. A Petru Borisovichu mallakar manyan gidãje daga St. Petersburg da kuma Moscow kiyaye mafi muhimmanci da tarin na zane-zane, ain da kuma kayan ado. Duk da haka, sai ya shahara shi ne babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo da gabatar da ba su yi shakka ziyarci wani lokacin ma mambobi ne na mulki House.

Girma a cikin iyali inda yin zane-zane da aka gani a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi girma bayyananen ruhaniya, ɗansa, Nicholas daga farkon shekarun da kuma ƙaunar da scene yana da shekaru 14 da shekaru riga ya yi wasansa na farko, ya rera waka da rawa da bata da wannan fatar Allah. Tare da shi a mahaifinsa wasan kwaikwayo productions dauki bangare da abokinsa - magajin sarautar Tsarevich Pavel.

Harkokin waje na tafiya daga cikin matasa Count

A 1769, Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev ya matsa zuwa Turai, inda, a matsayin wakilin arziki da kuma daraja Rasha iyali, aka gabatar a kotuna na Faransa, Prussia da kuma Ingila. Ya kammala tafiya a cikin Netherlands, inda ya shiga cikin daya daga cikin mafi babbar makarantu na cewa lokaci - Jami'ar Leiden.

Amma ba guda ilimi tarbiyya ya sadaukar da lokaci da matasa count. Juyawa a cikin mafi girman da'ira na Turai al'umma, ya aka kaina Masana da yawa m mutane na wancan zamanin, daga gare su, sanannen mawaki Handel da Mozart. Bugu da kari, shan amfani da wannan damar, Nikolai sosai karatu wasan kwaikwayo da kuma rawa, kazalika da inganta piano, cello da goge - kida, mallaka daga abin da aka horar da daga yara.

Tashi zuwa Moscow

Bayan ya dawo zuwa Rasha Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev ya aka nada darektan na Moscow banki da kuma ya canza gaban Saint-Petersburg a kan wani m da patriarchal Moscow. An sani cewa Empress Catherine II, tsoron da yiwuwar wani juyin mulki karkashin inuwar aka cire daga manya na duk abokai da kuma zai yiwu raka ɗansa, Tsesarevicha Pavla. Kamar yadda magaji a kan karaga Sheremeteva dogon-tsaye aminci, ya kuma buga da yawan maras so mutane a kotu.

Kama a cikin wannan "m gudun hijira", Nikolai Petrovich bai la'akari da kansu hana kaddara, da kuma shan amfani da wannan damar, Na fara gina wani sabon ginin na wasan kwaikwayo a kewayen birni iyali Estate Kuskovo. Tun daga nan, da serf wasan kwaikwayo Sheremetev fara ba gabatarwa a matakai biyu - a baya gina tsawo gidansu a Nikolskaya Street da kuma sabuwar gina gini a Kuskovo (karshe photo a nan kasa).

Count Sheremetev serf gidan wasan kwaikwayo

A cewar Sahaban, tare da wasanni matakan Sheremetev nagartattu iya ba gasa wasanni babu Rasha serf wasan kwaikwayo a wadannan shekaru. Tare da ilimi, an samu kasashen waje, Nikolai Petrovich ya iya samar da mafi ado ra'ayoyi, da kuma haifar da wata sana'a ƙungiyar makaɗa. Musamman da hankali da aka biya don abun da ke ciki na nagartattu, ya] auki daga serfs mallakar shi.

Bayan samun Entertainers daga cikin mafi hazaka na manoma, Earl kare wani kokarin da kudi don horar da su dramatics. Kamar yadda malamai da aka sallami sana'a 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na mallaka Petrovsky Theater. Bugu da kari, sabuwar minted 'yan wasan kwaikwayo count Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev aika zuwa karatu a nasu kudi, ba kawai a Moscow amma kuma a St. Petersburg, inda su ne, ban da babban tarbiyya da hannu a kasashen waje harsuna, adabi da kuma shayari.

A sakamakon haka, wasanni Kuskovsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya bude a 1787, don motsawa daga dukan aristocratic Moscow da kuma babban birnin baƙi, ciki har da 'yan mulki iyali. A shahararsa na kamfanin ya haka mai girma cewa masu wasu masu zaman kansu sinimomi na Moscow magajin gari ta koka game da gaskiyar cewa saboda su fun jadawali - mutane riga fabulously arziki - ya hana su, kuma deprives masu kallo na samun kudin shiga. A halin yanzu Nikolai Petrovich for Melpomene sabis ya ba ta kasance fun. Yanzu da wasan kwaikwayo ya zama babban kasuwanci ransa.

The gine-gine da al'adunmu na Count

Wani so na Count Sheremetev ya gine. Tare da isasshen kudi, domin biyu shekarun da suka gabata, ya gina da yawa wurare, an yarda a matsayin gaskiya Masterpieces na Rasha gine. Daga cikin su Theatrical fadar gidaje a Ostankino da Kuskovo, gidaje Gatchina da Pavlovsk, Hospice a Moscow (photo sama), Fountain House a St. Petersburg da kuma da dama sauran wurare, ciki har da da dama Orthodox majami'u.

Period sarauta ni'imar

A kaifi nuna a cikin jadawali na rayuwa zo a cikin 1796, lokacin da bayan mutuwar Catherine II dauki kursiyin danta Paul. Feeling zuwa Sheremetev, a matsayin aboki na da yara, m so, ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko dokoki ba shi da daraja na Chief Marshal na kotun da kuma shigar da shi, don haka daya daga cikin mafi tasiri jami'an gwamnati.

Daga yanzu domin, rank, gata, endowments da sauran sarauta kadarori alherin fadi a kan shi daya bayan daya. Tun 1799, ya - da darektan da na mallaka Gidajen Silima, kuma ko da bayan wani lokaci - Shugaban kungiyar soja na Pages. Duk da haka, a cikin shekaru na quite wani na kokarin samun da Sarkin sarakuna Sheremetev, kuma kawai game tafi kara labarin.

Son na serf actress

Gaskiyar cewa su shekaru 45 na Count Sheremetev Nikolay Petrovich aka ba aure. Tare da gagarumin yanayin da ke sa shi ya aukaka fiye da sarki da kansa, da kuma kyau kwarai bayyanar, count shi ne mafi m da takardun shaidar a Rasha, game da aure da wanda mutane da yawa masu bakin mayafi mafarki na sama strata al'umma.

Duk da haka, da zuciya da Count da tabbaci shagaltar da sansanin soja da ya gidan wasan kwaikwayo actress Praskovya Zhemchugov. Yana da ban mamaki halitta kyakkyawa da kuma ban mamaki murya, ta duk da haka ya zauna a cikin jama'a ido kawai serf wench - 'yar kauye maƙeri.

Lokacin da ya ke yaro Earl lura da babbar murya-bayyana kadan yarinya da ba ta dace upbringing, sanya farko-aji actress, wanda iyawa tirelessly yaba da tafi mafi wuya sauraro. Ta real name - Kovalev, Zhemchugovoy kamar yadda ya yi da Count kansa, gano irin wannan mataki sunan mafi sonorous.

Tarnaki ga aure

Duk da haka, akwai wani hadisin ba su damar yin tabbatar da kyawon da dangantaka. Daga cikin ra'ayi na aristocracy, shi ne abu daya - dadin singing serf actress, da kuma quite wani - don ba da damar shigar da shi a cikin wani mafi girma da haske, ba su gane shi smoothly. An muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da yawa zanga-zangar ta zumunta na Count wanda gan Praskovya contender gādo. Shi ne m zuwa lura cewa a wancan lokacin mutane aiki sana'a kullum da low matsayi saboda su aka ko haramta a binne shi a cikin hurumi.

Hakika, a irin wannan yanayi, da aure ba zai yiwu ba. A kadai hanyar fita daga wannan halin da ake ciki zai bayar da mafi izni, tambayar da Sheremetev jawabi kaina zuwa ga sarki, suna begen cewa Paul zan sanya masa wani banda ga general mulki. Duk da haka, ko da ƙwaƙwalwar na yara aminci ba sa autocrat rushe da oda, zaunar da ƙarni.

Barka da, amma short-rayu aure

Kawai bayan kisan gillar maƙarƙashiya Paul na Earl ya iya aiwatar da shirin, ƙirƙira takardun na da amarya, kawo Praskovja Zhemchugov ya zo nufin wani Yaren mutanen Poland noblewoman Paraskeva Kovalevskaya. Alexander I, wanda ya yi nasara zuwa kursiyin ubansa, ya Sheremetev yarda da aure, amma a cikin wannan hali, da bikin aure da aka asiri ne da aka gudanar a daya daga cikin karami majami'u a Moscow Nuwamba 8, 1801.

A 1803, da iyali Sheremetev ɗa, samu mai tsarki baftisma da sunan Dmitry. Duk da haka, mahaifinsa da farin ciki nan da nan ya juya zuwa ga baƙin ciki: kwana goma sha biyu bayan haihuwar yaro ya mutu matarsa Praskovya, ya ba su gudanar warke bayan haihuwa.

yi hospices

Tun zamanin da, shi ne na kowa a cikin Orthodox Rasha da al'ada da cewa a lokacin da mutuwa ƙaunar daya, a lokacin da natsuwa ransa a ciyar a kan mãsu yin sadaka al'amura. Da son rai ba da gudummawa iya zama daban-daban - duk abin da ya dogara da shi a kan kudi yiwuwa. Sheremet ne a ƙwaƙwalwar marigayin mata Hospice gina a Moscow a cikin dakin wanda a yau ne Research Institute kulawa ta gaggawa. Sklifosofskiy (photo № 4).

Aiki a kan gina sanannun gine-gine Muscovites da aka gudanar a karkashin shiryarwar wani fitaccen m na Italian asalin - Dzhakomo Kvarengi, shi ne wani m fan kuma mai son iyawa, marigayi actress. Halitta na musamman ga matalauta da kuma samun galaba mutane, Hospice da aka lasafta a kan abun ciki a cikin shi na 50 marasa lafiya da suke samu inpatient magani, kazalika da 100 "prizrevaemyh", da cewa shi ne, da matalauta, wanda ba shi arziki. Bugu da kari, akwai aka located a tsari na 25 marayu 'yan mata.

Don tabbatar da] a] e na wannan ma'aikata, Earl sa a banki domin ya account isa babban birnin kasar a lokacin, ya kuma rubuta su da goyon baya da na hospices dama kauyuka da garu ruhohi. Bugu da kari ga kai tsaye halin kaka na wadannan kudi, bisa ga nufin na jadawali kamata taimaka mãsu bukãta da kuma iyalansu a shekara ware wani adadin na sadaqi ga matalauta masu bakin mayafi.

Karshen Rayuwa Count

Nikolai Petrovich mutu Janairu 1, 1809, da makamantansu, kawai shida shekaru matarsa tsira. A karshe shekaru ransa sai ya ciyar a St. Petersburg fada, da aka sani da Fountain House (photos, kammala labarin). Ya toka sauran a Sheremetevsky kabarin Alexander Nevsky Lavra, aka interred a cikin sauki katako, akwatin gawa, saboda duk kudi kasaftawa zuwa jana'iza, Earl umurce su da su rarraba wa gajiyayyu.