Crimea ta Accession zuwa Rasha a karkashin Catherine 2: Tarihi

A 1475 dukan jihar bakin teku da kuma duwatsu na Crimea aka annexed da Ottoman Empire. Ganin cewa sauran sassan yankin mallakar Crimean Khanate, wanda ya zama shekara uku na ta talakansa, suna da-kafa tarihi ambaci Black Sea a matsayin "Turkish ciki lake", wanda shi ne, a ainihi, shi ne domin na gaba da karnuka uku. A wannan batun, Crimea ta Accession zuwa Rasha a karkashin Catherine 2 hadu da mafi gaggawa da bukatun na Rasha kasashen waje da manufofin na zamani.

Larura shibtarsu da rai

Bayan fall na Golden taro a kasar Rasha da musamman acuteness aiki ya mayar damar yin amfani da Black Sea, wanda ya wanzu a lokacin da Kievan Rus da kuma rufe su da shi tare da kafa na Tatar-Mongol karkiya. Make shi ya wajaba farko na duk a cikin tattalin arziki da bukatun, kamar yadda ta hanyar Black Sea suna da muhimmanci, cinikayya hanyoyi a cikin Rum kasashe.

Bugu da kari, ya zama dole don halakar da Krymskoe Hanstvo, wanda ƙasa ga dama ƙarni hare-hare da nufin ya kama bayi, kuma su kara sayarwa a Konstantinoful. Bisa ga lissafin kimiyya, da masana fiye da 300 shekaru kafin Accession daga cikin Crimea zuwa Rasha a karkashin Catherine 2, a bawa kasuwanni na Turkey aika a kalla miliyan 3 mutane.

A farko yunkurin warware matsaloli daga cikin Crimean

Kokarin Mastering Crimea sanya akai-akai. Isar da shi a lõkacin da yaƙin neman zaɓe na Bitrus I a 1696-1698 biennium. ko da yake lamarin da ya kama daga cikin sansanin soja na Azov, amma ya yanke shawarar a cikin dukan Black Sea al'amurran da suka shafi. A zamanin mulkin Anny Ioannovny sojojin Rasha sau biyu victoriously shiga sashin: a 1735, a karkashin umurnin B. H. Miniha, da kuma shekaru hudu daga baya ─ Field Marshal P. P. Lassi. Duk da haka, duka biyu sau da aka tilasta koma baya saboda rashin wadata da annoba ya barke a cikin sahu na sojojin.

A real damar gudanar da kãmun Crimea bayyana ne kawai sau daya a cikin biyu da rabi na XVIII karni, da New Rasha da aka kafa, da suka hada da manyan yankunan da Arewa Black Sea, annexed zuwa Rasha a lokacin da Rasha-Turkish yaƙe-yaƙe. An yi imani da cewa daga cewa ya fara da tarihin annexation na Crimea zuwa Rasha ta Catherine 2. Amfani da New Rasha a matsayin springboard domin kara ci gaba, da janar-in-Chief Army VM Dolgoruky a 1771, ya gudanar ya karya da juriya na kare Crimea da kuma ƙarfafa cikin iyakokinta.

Independent Krymskoe Hanstvo

Duk da haka, da annexation na Crimea zuwa Rasha a karkashin Catherine 2, a takaice bayyana a kasa, an riga da wani muhimmanci sosai mataki, wanda aka shibtarsu da bukatar lamba na siyasa da kuma soja yanayi na lokaci. Sakamako na nasarar Rasha makamai a yaki da Turkey da aka sa hannu a 1772 Karasubazarskogo kwangila, ta sanar da cewa wani m Khanate na Crimea, shi ne a karkashin taimaka na Rasha.

Kammala a cikin shekaru biyu Rasha-Turkish yaki alama karshen mulkin Ottoman a cikin sashin da ya bude ga Rasha da dogon-jiran samun da tekun Black Sea. Duk da haka, nasarori sun kawai a rabin-mũdu da ba za a dauke a matsayin karshe shawarar da Crimea batun.

The siyasa da kuma soja rikici da Turkey

Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga follow-Catherine 2, tun samu 'yancin kai daga Crimean Khanate Ottoman Empire, ta bai bar tunanin ya Accession to dukiyarsa. Wannan ya gana da bukatun na Rasha, saboda sashin ya muhimmanci tattalin arziki da kuma soja da siyasa muhimmancin da dukan ƙasar. Duk da haka, Turkey da aka musamman sha'awar a maido da su mamayar a cikin Crimea. Dukansu takaddama jam'iyyun sun yi ta kokarin cimma da ake so a raga, kuma domin wannan dalilin wannan gwagwarmaya tsakanin Ottoman Empire da kuma Rasha a wancan lokacin bai yi rauni.

A watan Nuwamba 1776 na jiki na leftana-janar A. A. Prozorovskogo shigar da Crimea, ya dauki up tsaron gida matsayi a Perekop. Don ga taimako daga Moscow gaggauta isa Division karkashin umurnin A. V. Suvorova. Kokari da suka gudanar ya karya da juriya da dakarun na Crimean Khan Giray Davlet da kuma tilasta shi ya fake a cikin Bakhchisarai, sa'an nan ku gudu zuwa ga Konstantinoful. A wurin da aka zabe a matsayin sabon shugaban Shahin Giray, wanda ya zama na karshe a cikin tarihin na Crimean Khan.

Tatar khan, tunanin a Turai

A zaben na wannan mutumin yuwuwa da annexation na Crimea zuwa Rasha sun fi mayar da Catherine 2. Ba kamar magabata, ya kasance mai yawan sosai Turai hanyar tunani. Bayan horo a Venice da Thessaloniki, Shahin Giray da dama kasashen waje harsuna, da dokoki an ba a tsare a cikin Tatar kwastan.

Duk da haka, ƙoƙarin canza soja, administrative da kuma tsarin tattalin arziki na Khanate a Turai hanya kai ga rashin biyan bukata daga cikin gida da kuma yawan bude fitina, wanda ya iya kashe kawai tare da taimakon Rasha bayonets. A muhimmiyar rawa a warware rikici taka leda saduwa da post na shugaban dukan sojojin Crimean A. V. Suvorova.

Crimean baƙi

Rarraba kasarta da sashin 4 yankin gundumomi da kuma sanya shi a cikin kama birãnensu babba ƙungiyoyin sojoji, ya aka kwace na biyu da Turks da kuma magoya bayan su daga gida nobility na karshe damar zuwa tasiri ciki rai na Crimea. Shi ne mai muhimmanci mataki wajen annexation na Crimea zuwa Rasha a karkashin Catherine 2.

A farko daga cikin mazaunan sashin karkashin sandan na Empress na Rasha ya koma ya kaura zuwa sabon wurare daga cikin wakilan na Kirista yawan ─ Georgians, Armenia da al'ummai duka. Suna bayar da ta ƙasar a bakin Danube, kuma a kan tekun na Azov Sea. A lokacin bazara da kuma bazara 1778 daga Crimea tafi 31 dubu. Man, wanda ya sa wani mai tsanani buga wa khan ta taskar, saboda wadannan mutane su ne mafi tattalin arziki aiki na da yawan jama'a.

Rahoton zuwa Prince G. A. Potomkina

A 1781, da Turks suka tsokani wani yunkuri na gida yawan, m umarni, ya gabatar Shahin Giray, da kuma sake yi pacify 'yan tawayen da Rasha sojoji, wannan lokaci a karkashin umurnin da serene Martaba Prince G. A. Potomkina.

A cikin rahoton wa sarki, ya rubuta cewa, bisa ga lura, da mafi yawan mazauna yankin nufin da musamman maƙiya Shahin Giray kuma fi son su zama a karkashin Rasha protectorate. Lalle, wannan ra'ayi da Potemkin ya taka rawa a cikin annexation na Crimea zuwa Rasha a karkashin Catherine 2.

A yarjejeniyar, ya yanke shawarar da rabo daga Crimea

Da yake ina da nisa sosai-gani siyasa, G. A. Potomkin gane da bukatar hada da Crimea da Rasha Empire, kamar yadda in ba haka ba da karkararta iya zama m springboard for nan gaba aggressions a kan wani ɓangare na Ottoman Empire. Shi ne ma quite shakka darajar tattalin arziki na m ƙasashe na Crimean tattalin arzikin for duk Arewa Black Sea. Kuma a karshe, shi zai yi kammala fadada daga Rasha ta kudu zuwa cikin halitta iyakoki. Ya serene Martaba Prince view kayyade a daki-daki, a cikin yarjejeniyar aika zuwa gare su, a watan Disamba watan Julin 1782 zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna.

Bayan bita da takardun samu, da Empress a amsa ba ta fi so m iko da su aiwatar da juna biyu na da amince ta aikin. Saboda haka, annexation na Crimea zuwa Rasha a karkashin Catherine 2 (shekara 1783), da muhimmiyar rawa nasa ne Prince Grigoriyu Aleksandrovichu Potomkinu, wanda ya sa aka ba da title na Tauride (Tavriya ─ tsohon suna ne na Crimea).

Shiri na abubuwan tarihin da

A ranar da annexation na Crimea zuwa Rasha ta Catherine 2 kamata a yi la'akari a matsayin 8 (19) a watan Afrilu 1783, a lokacin da autocrat m manifesto da aka sanya hannu. Duk da haka, a wannan lokaci, ta umurce su da su ɓõye shi muddin miƙa mulki na sashin da dukan da yawan karkashin Rasha sandan ba zai zama mai real taron.

A wannan lokaci a cikin rayuwar siyasa na Crimean Khanate canza muhimmanci. Saboda haka ƙi da mutane Sahin Giray aka tilasta murabus daga m m, da kuma wurin da aka wõfintattu. Wannan ya taimaka Potemkin ta hanyar da jamiái lallashe da hukuncin Elite na Khanate daga cikin amfanin da miƙa mulki karkashin protectorate na Rasha.

Bayan wannan, gaggawa matakan a kan tsari a kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na sashin harbor an sanya su saukar gaba jiragen ruwa Black Sea jiragen ruwa. A shekara daga baya, akwai wani sansanin soja da birnin da aka gina, da ake kira a umurnin da Empress Sevastopol.

Bai'a ga Rasha

A karshe, a kan Yuni 28 (Yuli 9), 1783, mafi girma manifesto da aka sanya jama'a. Sabõda haka, domin a karo na farko (tare da Catherine 2) Crimea ta Accession zuwa Rasha ya mai fait accompli. Abubuwan da suka faru na yanzu lokaci, a lokacin da wannan yanki vvtorichno wuce zuwa Rasha Federation, da aka sani zuwa ga mutane da yawa, don haka ya zauna a kan su, za mu ba. Amma lokacin, a kan rana serene Martaba Prince Potemkin, a tsaye a saman wani dutse Ak-Kaya, ya dauki rantsuwa daga sabon batutuwa na Her na mallaka girman. A farko rantse da tip na gida al'umma da kuma wadanda daga cikin limaman Kirista, da kuma bayan su riga - duk commoners. Har zuwa yanzu shi ya kasance mai tarihi daftarin aiki ─ manifesto a kan Accession na Crimea zuwa Rasha a karkashin Catherine da 2 hotuna wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin.