Cututtuka murtsunguwa. Features na cacti girma a cikin gida

Cacti - mai ban mamaki halittar yanayi da za su iya samar da wani musamman yanayi a cikin gida ko ofis. A iri-iri siffofi, m kyau na su blossoms, da warkar Properties yawa daga gare su, kuma saukin tabbatarwa - duk wannan shi ne mai ban mamaki hanya don fara wani murtsunguwa a cikin gidan.

irin cacti

Gida na cacti ne m yankuna na Afirka, Canada da kuma Amurka. Sun kasu kashi gandun daji da kuma hamada, da kuma a kan taga sills daidai acclimatized da waɗanda da sauransu. Ko da yake akwai wani mutanen yi imani da cewa wadannan tsire ne unpretentious, amma kafin ka sami kanka prickly "aboki", ya kamata ka san cewa za a iya fama da daya cuta ko wani murtsunguwa, yana da makiya a fuskar kwari, da kuma shi bukatar guda da hankali kazalika da sauran wakilan da Flora.

Domin daji nau'in hada da:

• Rhipsalidopsis Gartner - da shuka ne densely blooming kyau manyan furanni na ruwan hoda zuwa tubali-ja launi.
• Fillokaktus Ackerman yana da dogon mai tushe dan kadan wavy a gefuna. Blooms manyan furanni a watan Mayu da Yuni.
• Murtsunguwa Schlumberger Buckley ne mafi alhẽri a san tsakanin lambu kamar yadda "Decembrist". Shi yana da wani arcuate mai lankwasa mai tushe, wanda ya kasu kashi kananan segments. Yana blooms daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu, ruwan hoda, da fari, da shunayya, ko ja furanni.

Wannan shi ne mafi m irin waɗanda aka samu a gidajensu. Wadannan cacti a kan taga duba ban sha'awa, a matsayin sabon abu na wadannan shuke-shuke nau'i mai tushe. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa su girma a cikin wurare masu zafi da gandun daji na bishiya. Su Babban amfani - da kyawawan furanni. Don cimma flowering, ya kamata ka san wasu daga cikin nuances na kula da su, amma a general su ne ba musamman fastidious.

wakilan da hamada

Su bari "uwan" ne fiye da na kowa a kan windowsill, kuma mafi m daga cikinsu akwai:

• Ariocarpus - da low kuma lebur kara, ya rufe tare da fluff. Beautiful fari fure buds.
• Astrophytums da madauwari siffar da rare ribbing. Wani lokaci akwai lokutta, irin wannan a cikin wani nau'i na star.

• Aztekium - wannan irin kawai 2 iri murtsunguwa tare da wani taso siffar da pronounced hakarkarinsa, kuma kusan thornless.
• Gymnocalycium - cikin mafi yawan jinsunan cacti, wanda da na kowa kama: su flower tube shi ne bã tãre da gashi.
• Cleistocactus zo daga zafi mountainous ƙasa. Suna da cylindrical mai tushe densely rufe da kananan spines. Ba m flowering.
• Parody - wani irin dada cacti, halin da manyan yawan buds. Kama kananan Fluffy bukukuwa.
• Echinopsis - mafi m "baƙi" a sayad da windows. Na iya zama duka zagaye da elongated siffar, Bloom ne wuce yarda da kyau manyan furanni.

Yana ba duk jinsunan cacti, kuma yawanci daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana a kan windowsill, kamar yadda ka so ka saya wani daya, amma sauran siffofin, sa'an nan gaba da kuma sauransu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa namo cacti - a hakikanin sha'awa, da ya kawo wani musamman bi a lokacin da, m ga soyayya da kuma kulawa da shuke-shuke hadu da flowering.

Kula da cacti: lighting da shayar da

Kafin nazari a kan girma cacti, kamata ka sani game da siffofin da suke da na kowa zuwa mafi wakilan da irin wannan shuka.

• A gida cacti lokaci girma fara a spring.
• Da farko a watan Maris, da kuma har karshen watan Oktoba, wadannan shuke-shuke da bukatar watering da safe.
• A lokacin bazara, suna bukatar ƙarin abinci, abin da ya kamata a za'ayi sau ɗaya a mako phosphorus-potassium da takin mai magani.
• A cikin hunturu, da tsire-tsire bukatar ka huta, don haka ne shawarar zuwa tsaftace bushe, amma mai sanyaya daki.

Kafin dasa a murtsunguwa, ya kamata ka zabi wani wuri dace da shi, ko haifar da wucin gadi lighting, wanda sun fi mayar dogara a kan alheri daga wannan shuka.

Cacti kamar mai haske wurare, amma kuma bukatar tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire ba sami UV konewa. Wannan Gaskiya ne, matasa dabbobi. Idan murtsunguwa fara canza launi, ya kamata a nan da nan ya sa a cikin inuwa, da kuma fesa da abin ya shafa yankin tare da wani bayani da magnesium sulfate.

Ko da yake jeji jinsunan tsire saba wa da zafi sauyin yanayi, bayan duk, da yawa ya dogara a kan irin murtsunguwa. Domin mafi yawansu ba su da mafi kyau duka yawan zafin jiki a lokacin rani ne 35 digiri, haka kada ku riƙe su a rana.

A cikin hunturu, da furanni ne a bukatar ƙarin lighting, wanda za ka iya amfani da mai kyalli fitilu.

Watering dole ne ma saduwa da bukatun da shuka, dangane da irin ba, amma mafi sau da yawa shi ne mafi m, a lokacin rani da kuma iyakance zuwa 1-2 da watan a cikin hunturu. Cacti fi son taushi shirya, Boiled da tace ruwa.

Watering za a iya yi daga saman da kuma ta hanyar da tire, da kuma a cikin wani musamman zafi kwanaki bada shawarar a bugu da žari feshi da "Pet".

Transplanting prickly "aboki"

Grafting cacti a gida ya kamata a fara da damar zabi, ƙasa shiri da kuma wajibi dubawa na shuka kanta. An yi imani da cewa su za a iya transplanted a kowane lokaci, amma shi ne mafi alhẽri jira har sai da girma kakar, misali, Mayu da Yuni, ko a watan Agusta-Satumba.

Bukatar wannan hanya ya auku idan da damar ne kananan ko bayyana wani rashin lafiya. Murtsunguwa, misali, daina girma, ta epidermis iri na da rasa elasticity, da kuma tushen ayan "tserewa" daga cikin tukunyar, to, lokacin da ya zo. Dangane da iri-iri, shi zai iya faruwa a 2-6 shekaru.

Kafin farkon "aiki" wajibi ne a tuna da ranmu da kuma kare hannuwansu daga needles.

Don yin wannan, shige da m safar hannu, folded a dama yadudduka na takarda ko kamar wata guda na kumfa. Dandana growers amfani da musamman tongs cewa za a iya saya a flower shop.

Muhimmanci ga sani: ba za ka iya ja da murtsunguwa daga cikin tukunyar nan! Rike da shuka iya aiki dole ne inverted kuma a hankali girgiza shi. Idan dole, za ka iya buga a kan wani tukunya.

Hanya don dashi tsire

Grafting murtsunguwa wadannan matakai faruwa a cikin gida:

• Clear shuka Tushen daga ƙasa, kuma cire duk wani da waxannan cututtukan ko matattu rassan.
• Bar shi, a cikin komai jirgin ruwa domin kamar wata kwana ba tare da wani share fage ga rauni saba.
• Don kare da shuka daga yiwu cututtuka na tushen tsarin, yana yiwuwa ya shirya wani zafi wanka. Don yin wannan, yanke daga kwali shimfiɗar jariri, dimbin yawa tank, yin wani rami a shi ga asalinsu. Zuba a cikin ruwan wanka + 50-55 darajõji, kuma m Tushen a cikinsu da threading su a cikin rami da installing murtsunguwa a kan tsayawar. A hanya yana game da minti 20, bayan da shuka ya kamata a bai wa bushe, wanda zai iya daukar kwanaki 2-3.
• Shirye share fage ga murtsunguwa ko nasu dafa abinci (m yashi mix da duniya, da kuma lafiya tsakuwa ƙasa 1: 1: 1) to zuba a cikin tukunyar kan kumbura lãka Layer.
• Hankali sa shuka a wani akwati, yada Tushen kuma rufe shi da ƙasa.

Muhimmanci ga sani: da duniya sa'ad da dasa kasance da compacted ko dai hannuwa ko tapping a kan tukunyar. Idan shuka ne high, har zuwa lokacin da ya da aka kafa ta a cikin wani sabon wuri, shi yana bukatar madadin.

A lokacin transplanting murtsunguwa yara, idan wani, an rabu da kuma dasa a cikin mutum kwantena. Yana da muhimmanci a kauce wa tareda žata matasa asalinsu.

Yadda za a zabi wani akwati ga murtsunguwa

Zabar tukwane na cacti, shi wajibi ne don mayar da hankali ne a kan gaskiyar cewa sabon "gidaje" ya zama 3-4 cm ya fi girma fiye da na baya wadanda. A mafi kyau abu ne dauke su roba saboda ta low cost, manyan selection da launuka da haske nauyi. Ga wadanda suka fi son halitta kayan, saya tukwane, amma roba kwantena ya fi girma selection na siffofin, wanda da matukar muhimmanci ga wannan irin shuka. Dangane da abin da tushen da murtsunguwa, za ka iya saya high kuma kunkuntar tukunyar (ga m tushe) ko wani short, amma m (tare da dogon da kuma bakin ciki spines).

Idan wani murtsunguwa aka ji rauni

Wani lokaci, cutar samun wani murtsunguwa saboda inji rauni. Alal misali, ana iya samu daga daukan hotuna zuwa ultraviolet radiation, idan improperly dasawa ko a lokacin fadowa daga cikin tukunya da shuka uwa da kasa.

A wannan yanayin, game da kiwon lafiya da matsaloli za su nuna irin wannan "bayyanar cututtuka":

• redness cewa faruwa a lokacin da fallasa su hasken rana kai tsaye.
• shuke-shuke wrinkled surface nuna ta supercooling.
• a kan surface bayyana launin ruwan kasa spots, sa'an nan da ƙasa ke tare da cikakken takin domin cacti, ko da ya ke a wani sosai m yanayi.
• toho girma kama ya nuna cewa da shuka shayar sanyi a gare shi.

Idan inji lalacewar isa ya canza yanayi da ake tsare da wani murtsunguwa ko mu bi da shi da rauni da disinfectant bayani.

Cuta karkashin physiological cuta

Cututtuka murtsunguwa iya samun saboda rayuwa cuta. Wadannan munanan sun hada da:

• etiolation - faruwa a lokacin da rashin haske da ya bayyana a matsayin wani discolored epidermis kuma mikewa a tsawo.
• tare da kasawa da Macro - da kuma gano abubuwa cuta bayyana a matsayin:
  • girma hanawa, wanda ya haddasa wani rashin nitrogen.
  • canza launi murtsunguwa dabam tare da sunadarin flourine karanci, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga sha na nitrogen.
  • samuwar m spots Yanã karancin sulfur.
  • tushen Tashoshi girma a lokacin da bai isa ba alli.
  • Idan flowering shuka an jinkirta, to, shi yana bukatar magnesium.
  • wuce kima detkovanie iya lalacewa ta hanyar rashin tutiya.
  • da shuka tsaya a nan ba girma a lokacin da rasa jan karfe, boron, molybdenum, aidin da chlorine.

Wadannan su ne kiwon lafiya matsaloli iya samun murtsunguwa. Cutar da kuma lura da wadannan shuke-shuke sau da yawa ya dogara ne a kan matakin na kula da su, wanda ya hada da dace hadi, da tsayar da zazzabi, lighting da shayar da matsayin, da abun da ke ciki na kasar gona.

fungal cututtuka

Kafin ka shuka a murtsunguwa, shi ne mafi alhẽri calcine ƙasa don kauce wa yiwu cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar fungi, kwayoyin ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan category hada da cututtuka:

• Late burtuntuna - wani fungal cutar da cewa lalace tushen tsarin da shuka da kuma tushe na kara. Rigingimu ga murtsunguwa za a iya isa daga makwabta shuke-shuke, da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace. Jiyya ne da za'ayi ta yin amfani da fungicides da magani kowane 3-4 hours lalace yankunan. Amfani da magani shuka a riƙe "bushe rations". Rashin danshi ba zai ba da damar da naman gwari yada, da kuma lalace yankunan zai bace da kansu.

Yana da muhimmanci a san: A jihar sakaci da cutar take kaiwa zuwa mutuwa da shuka. A wannan yanayin, shi dole ne a hallaka tare da ƙasa, da kuma ganga sosai tsabtace da kuma disinfected.

• Fusarium burtuntuna - wani naman gwari cewa faruwa a lokacin akwai wuce kima watering da shuke-shuke ko kai ne a cikin wani sosai m yanayi. Externally, cutar bayyana kanta a matsayin wrinkling na kara da ta fadowa kashe. Ya farko jũya rawaya, sa'an nan ruwan kasa launi samun a tushen abin wuya, da kuma baki " 'ya'yan itatuwa" suna kafa a Jihar sakaci a cikin jiki na murtsunguwa. Ga masu rigakafin magani za a iya za'ayi fundazol, saka idanu da ingancin ban ruwa da kuma hana ruwa stagnation. Jiyya ne da za'ayi a cikin nau'i na kau na lalace yankunan da kuma lura da raunuka m kore, da launin toka ko gawayi.
• Gray mold - wani naman gwari cewa hari da sidewall na kara ko wurin da allurar rigakafin da aka yi. Kamar wancan ne marasa rabo zama mushy kuma an rufe shi da launin toka Bloom. Kauce wa wuce kima ƙasa danshi, da kuma lalace sassa cire da kuma rauni yayyafa Nystatin ko sulfur.
• Alternaria (black rot) - a fungal cuta aka bayyana a cikin nau'i na baki damp stains da m ruwan kasa ruwa stains a kan shuka jiki. Jiyya kawai ta cire duk lalace yankunan har da lafiya nama, wanda wajibi ne a aiwatar da sulfur.

Yana ba duk fungal cututtuka na cacti, amma mafi sau da yawa a cikin hanyar su aukuwa ne zama mai karfi da ƙasa danshi da iska a cikin dakin inda shuka da daraja. Don kauce wa matsaloli, shi ne mafi kyau daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ya shayar da murtsunguwa fungicide da kuma tabbatar da cewa ƙasar tsakanin waterings gaba daya bushe.

Kwari da parasites

Oddly isa, amma murtsunguwa za a iya shafa da parasites, kazalika da sauran iri houseplants. A sabili da cuta na iya sun hada da:

• Mealybug - bar bayyane fari lumps, kama da ulu. Lokacin da ta bayyana za a iya cire uninvited "bako" tare da hanzaki ko buroshi, sa'an nan mu bi tabbata daga wani flower tafarnuwa giya bayani. Bayan da cewa shuka ya kamata ba za a fallasa da rana ta haskoki watan. Idan rauni ne sosai manyan, za ka bukatar ka yi amfani da fufanona da aktellik.
• Spider mite ne kasa a bayyane, amma ya bayyana a wata murtsunguwa, idan na cikin gida iska ne ma ya bushe. Ya zahiri tsotsa duk ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga shuka, ta kara yayin da rawaya. Za ka iya yaƙi da sabulu bayani.
• Nematode - wani sosai m nau'i na da tsutsa, wanda da wuya a rike. Bayan ganewa na nematodes duk lalace Tushen ya kamata a cire, da kuma shuke-shuke suna transplanted cikin sabon gona da tukwane na cacti.

Waɗannan su ne babban parasites cewa zai iya cutar da prickly Pet. Muhimman lokaci a sami matsalar da kuma gyara har da shuka bai halartar tsanani hadari.