Dan Bitrus I Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov: photo, biography. Yara Alexei Petrovich

Magaji Bitrus I Aleksey Petrovich ne daya daga cikin mafi ban tausayi da kuma enigmatic Figures a cikin tarihi na Romanov daular. Saboda wani rikici da ubansa, sai ya gudu kasashen waje, amma koma kasarsa, aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa ya kuma rasu a karkashin m yanayi a kurkuku.

rashin kauna dan

Alexei Petrovich Romanov aka haife Fabrairu 18, 1690. Tsohuwarsa Evdokia Lopuchin, inda matasa Peter aure kamar wata shekaru kafin bayyanar wani mataimaki. Duk da haka, da jimawa da monarch wani sabon sha'awa - 'yar wani waje master Anna Mons na ya fi so Jamus yarjejeniya, inda Gwamnan ya ciyar a mafi yawansu ya free lokaci. Autocrat karshe raba tare da Evdokiey Lopuhinoy a 1694, lokacin da farinsa dan kadan.

Saboda haka, Alexei Petrovich Romanov taba sani wani iyali idyll. Very da sauri, shi a zahiri ya zama nauyi ga mahaifinsa. A halin da ake ciki da aka dada tabarbare a lokacin da Bitrus I aika Evdokia a Pokrovsky sufi a Suzdal. Duk da yake cikin alkawuransu ƙa'ida maye gurbin saki aikace-aikace. Evdokia farko miji bai haifar wa lallashewa. Ta tambayi ga cẽto na sarki Adrian. The shugaban malamai da gaske kokarin kare gimbiya daga mijinta cewa kawai more fushi Bitrus. A sakamakon haka, Evdokia tafi zuwa ga sufi karkashin tsare. Haka ya faru a 1698, a tsakiyan wani bore musketeers bude a Moscow.

samuwar

M labarin na ga fitar da tsohuwarsa ba zai iya taimaka amma shafi Alexei Petrovich. Bayan da ya faru, yaron ya zauna a kula da ta inna, Princess Natalia Alekseevna. Uba na kadan sha'awa cikin da ɗansa, kamar yadda ya kasance kullum a kan tafi. A dukan rai da Bitrus I aka sadaukar domin al'amura na jihar, A halin yanzu, a matsayin iyali ya ba da lokacin ko da marmarin su ciyar da ita.

Alexei da 'yan malamai. A farko daga cikin wadannan - da Irena Nikifor Vyazemsky - aka sanya a mayar da shekaru shida-Prince. Ya sanar da boys da haruffa, sa'an nan a waje harsuna. A wani matsayi ko da Bitrus ya so ya aika wa ɗansa karatu a Dresden tare da mafi kyau daraja matasa, amma ya yanke shawarar da shi. Maimakon Alexei Preobrazhensky a fādar da aka sallami Jamus - Martin Neugebauer da Heinrich Gyuyssena. Dubawa na monarch da umarnin da ya fi so, da kuma ta hannun dama Aleksandru Menshikovu.

magaji

A tsawon shekaru, da dangantakar da uba da kuma 'ya'yansa ba su kasance warmer. A akasin wannan, sun kasance mafi juna tuhuma. Dan Bitrus 1 Alexei Petrovich aka da ilimi, ya san waje harsuna da kuma kimiyyar. Amma mahaifinsa ya tada cewa ya ba da sha'awar soja al'amura. Wani lokaci monarch dauki magaji yin yawo. A karo na farko shi ya faru a 1704, lokacin da sojojin Rasha kutsa triumphantly Narva.

Sa'an nan, a lokacin da sojojin da Sweden na Charles XII mamaye Rasha, Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich ke da alhakin shirya domin kāriyar Moscow a yanayin abokan gaba da kai hare-hare. A wasika mahaifinsa, a cikin abin da ya suka kwaɓe dansa domin sakaci da sakaci. Bitrus fushi da aka lalacewa ta hanyar sauran al'amura. Jim kadan kafin Alexei asirce tafi zuwa ga sufi wa kõre mahaifiyarsa. A monarch yi dukan abin da iyakance tuntube dansa da kuma farko da matar. Game da ziyarar da Alexei Petrovich, ya koya ta hanyar da ya magewaya denunciation. Dan ya iya neman yardarsu mahaifinsa ta hanyar wata wasika daga ya farka da kuma nan gaba Empress Catherine I.

a Jamus

A 1709, ɗan Bitrus 1 Alexei Petrovich har yanzu je Jamus ya yi karatu. Bugu da kari, mahaifinsa ya so shi ya sami akwai wani waje amarya. Kafin wannan, da Rasha tsars aure Rasha mata kẽɓe, kuma suna iya zama da kaskantar da kai asali. Wannan irin hali ya aure ya hali na XVII karni. Sa'an nan sarki, yin Rasha na Turai, dauke dynastic bikin aure muhimmanci diplomasiyya kayan aiki. A da shawarar wani malamin Alexei Petrovich, ya yanke shawarar shirya auren dansa da Charlotte Lüneburg - 'yar wani Jamus Duke da kuma' yar'uwar da nan gaba Empress na Austria.

Amma kafin ka yi aure, yarima ya kammala karatun su. Yadu da aka sani episode idan ya bayan ya dawo zuwa Rasha, da tsoron jarrabawa mãkircin, harbe kansa a hannu da bindiga. Wannan harka sake fusatar da uba. Peter ba kawai ta doke domin wannan ɗa, amma kuma ya hana shi bayyana a kotu. Bayan wani lokaci, da monarch zauna da ya yi amana da yaro. A irin wannan, sakamakon da fushi ne dukan hali Bitrus. Domin duk da basira da kuma aiki tukuru, ya kasance wani despot, wanda ba zai iya kai fitina. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa duk m Figures autocrat sun ba-kai. Suka ji tsoro su saba wa sarki. Wannan ya bayyana cewa wani musu, wanda shi ne daban-daban Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich. Yana fi mayar ya zama wanda aka azabtar da wani kaifi fushi mahaifinsa.

Bikin aure da kuma yara

Duk da dukan vicissitudes na iyali kowa, sai ya shirya da bikin aure aikata faru. Oktoba 14, 1711 a birnin Torgau aka auri Alexis da Charlotte Lüneburg. A bikin ya samu halartar kansa Peter I. Very nan ya zama a sarari cewa newlyweds Union zai zama da wuya sosai rabo. Charlotte koma St. Petersburg, amma ya zauna a wani baƙo baƙo. Ta kasa samun kusa ko dai tare da mijinta, ko da a-doka.

Kuma ko da yake cikin sirri dangantakar da maza ba aiki, da manyan aiki dynastic gimbiya har yanzu cika. A 1714, matasa biyu 'yar, Natalia, da kuma a shekara daga baya - dogon-jiran dan Bitrus. Duk da haka, bayan haihuwarsa uwarsa ji ciwo. Ta yanayin da aka samun muni, kuma a cikin kwanaki goma bayan haihuwar Princess Natalia (as shi ya zama sananne a Rasha) ya rasu. Dan Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Peter shekaru 12 da daga baya ya zama Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus II.

ci gaba da rikici

Matasa da yara Alexei Petrovich ya ba kadai sabon Bugu da kari ga sarauta iyali. Gwamnan kansa bayan rashin kauna dan samu wani yaro. The yaro da aka mai suna Pyotr Petrovich (uwarsa nan gaba Catherine I). Saboda haka ba zato ba tsammani Alexei daina zama da tafin kafa magaji mahaifinsa (yanzu da cewa shi ne na biyu, ɗan kuma jikan). A halin da ake ciki ya sa shi a wani mizani.

Bugu da kari, da rayuwar da sabon St. Petersburg ne a fili ba shige zuwa cikin irin wannan hali kamar yadda Alexei Petrovich. Photo hotuna na shi nuna wani mutum da wata azãba mai kadan cirkaka. Ya ci gaba da gudanar da jama'a ayyukan da iko uba, ko da yake shi bai yi haka ba tare da ɓacin rai, abin kuma da sake fusatar da autocrat.

Duk da yake har yanzu karatu a kasar Jamus, Alex ya tambayi abokai a Moscow aika da shi wani sabon confessor ga wanda ya iya furta a fili game da duk abin da dami saurayi. The prince ya warai addini, amma a lokaci guda sosai ji tsoro na 'yan leƙen asirin uba. Duk da haka, sabon confessor Yakov Ignatev gaske ya ba daya daga cikin henchmen Bitrus. Da zarar Alex ya ce masa, a cikin zukãtansu cewa an jiran mahaifinsa mutuwa. Ignatyev ce cewa wannan son abokai da yawa na Moscow gãji. Saboda haka, quite kwatsam, Alex samu magoya bayansa hau kan wani hanya da ya kai ga mutuwarsa.

wuya yanke shawara

A 1715, Peter aiko da dan wata wasika a wadda ta sa kafin a zabi - ko dai Alex gyara (ie, zai fara tafiyar da sojojin da kuma daukan mahaifinsa siyasa), ko aika zuwa wani sufi. Waliyyinsa ya baran. Ya ba su son yawa tunanin na Bitrus, har da m soja kamfen da kuma m canje-canje a cikin rayuwar kasar. Wannan jin zuciya da aka raba ta da yawa manya (yafi daga Moscow). Elite bai zama mai gaggãwa kin amincewa da gyare-gyare, amma jama'a zanga-zanga ba daya shiga, saboda hannu a cikin wani adawa zai iya kawo karshen wulakanci, ko mutuwa.

Autocrat, sa wani ultimatum wa ɗansa, ya ba shi wani lokaci fita zuwa yin tunãni a kan ya yanke shawara. Biography of Alexei Petrovich yana da yawa irin wannan shubuha aukuwa, amma halin da ake ciki ya zama m. Bayan tuntubar tare da m (a farko wuri tare da shugaban na St. Petersburg Admiralty Aleksandrom Kikinym), ya yanke shawarar gudu Rasha.

jirgin

A 1716, daga St. Petersburg zuwa Copenhagen, wata tawagar, karkashin jagorancin Alexei Petrovich. Dan Bitrus yana ganin a Denmark da mahaifinsa. Duk da haka, kasancewa a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland Gdansk, yarima ba zato ba tsammani canza hanya kuma a zahiri gudu zuwa Vienna. Akwai, Alex ya fara gudanar da shawarwari ga mafakar siyasa a kasar. Austrians aika shi zuwa ga secluded Naples.

gudun hijira Shirin ya jira mutuwa, sa'an nan bolevshego Rasha Tsar, sa'an nan su koma cikin gida na kasar a kan karaga, idan ya cancanta, tare da dakarun kasashen waje. Alex gaya game da shi daga baya a cikin bincike. Duk da haka, wanda zai iya amince dauki wadannan kalmomi ga gaskiya, saboda kama kawai buga fitar da dole shaida. Bisa ga shaidar da Austrians, yarima a hysterics. Saboda haka, da mafi kusantar da shi za a iya bayar da hujjar cewa, ya tafi zuwa Turai daga fargaba da tsõro, sabõda su nan gaba.

a Austria

Peter sauri koya inda dansa da aka gudanar. A Austria can, sa'an nan ya tafi wurin sarki aminci mutane. A shugaban wani muhimmin manufa da aka nada tsohon soja jami'in diflomasiyyar Peter Tolstoy. Ya bayar da rahoton zuwa Austria Sarkin sarakuna Charles VI, da sosai al'amari na gaban a ƙasa Alexei Habsburg ne mara a fuskar na Rasha. Gudun hijira zaba Vienna saboda ya kinship tare da monarch a kan short-rayu aure.

Zai yiwu Charles VI a wasu yanayi, dã sun kare wani zaman gudun hijira, amma a lokacin, Austria yake yaƙi da Daular Ottoman kuma aka shirya don rikici da Spain. Samun karkashin wadannan yanayi irin wannan iko maƙiyi, da Bitrus I, da sarki ba ya so ya. Bugu da kari, ya blundered da Alex. Ya yi haka ne da tsoro da kuma ya nuna a sarari ba m. A sakamakon haka, da Austria hukumomi sun sanya asasshe. Peter Tolstoy samu da hakkin ya sadu da gudun hijira.

tattaunawar

Peter Tolstoy, ya gana da Alexey, ya yi amfani da duk yiwu hanyoyi da dabaru don samun shi da baya gida. A cikin shakka sun kirki tabbacin cewa mahaifinsa zai gafarta masa kuma damar zuwa rayuwa cikin walwala a nasu estate.

Manzon bai manta game da wayo alamu. Ya bukaci yarima, Charles VI na cewa, ba so zuwa ganimar dangantakar tare da Bitrus, a wani hali, ba zai rufe da shi, sa'an nan Alexei daidai zai kasance a Rasha a matsayin mai laifi. A karshen, yarima amince da komawa zuwa ga gida kasar.

kotu

Fabrairu 3, 1718 Bitrus da Alex hadu a Moscow Kremlin. Magaji kuka da roƙe gafara. Sarkin nuna kamar su ba zama fushi idan yaro ki yarda da kursiyin kuma gādo (abin da ya yi).

Bayan haka, da fitina fara. A farko, da ɗan gudun hijira bai wa dukan magoya bayansa, "rinjayi" da shi zuwa ga rash yi. Kama da kuma istinbadi azãba. Bitrus ya so ya gani a kai na hadin kai da matarsa ta farko Evdokia Lopuchin da oppositional limaman. Duk da haka, da gudanar da bincike ya bayyana cewa, sarki ya m da yawa ya fi girma yawan mutane.

mutuwa

Babu Taqaitaccen Tarihin Alexei Petrovich ba ya dauke da cikakken bayani game da yanayi da ya mutu. Bisa ga sakamakon da bincike, wanda ya jagoranci duk wannan Peter Tolstoy, da gudun hijira da aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Duk da haka, shi bai dauki wuri. Alex ya mutu 26 Yuni, 1718 a cikin Bitrus da Bulus sansanin soja, inda ya aka gudanar a lokacin shari'arsa. Hukumance aka sanar da cewa ya yi wani irin kãmu. Zai yiwu sarkin aka kashe m domin na Bitrus, da kuma watakila shi kansa ya mutu ba tare da canja wurin da gogaggen a gudanar da bincike na azabtarwa. Domin duk-m monarch azãbar nasa dan zai zama ma m taron. Saboda haka, akwai dalilin yi imani da cewa, ya umurci magance Alex a gaba. Ko ta wani hanya, amma zuriyar da gaskiya, kuma ba koya.

Bayan rasuwar Alexei Petrovich ya ɓullo da wani gargajiya ra'ayi a kan Sanadin da ya faru wasan kwaikwayo. Shi ya ta'allaka ne da cewa magajin yana ƙarƙashin rinjayar da tsohon ra'ayin mazan jiya Moscow nobility da limaman maƙiya a gare sarki. Duk da haka, ya san duk cikin yanayi na rikici, ba za a iya kira wani m yarima kuma ba ya tuna da digiri na laifi na Bitrus I a cikin bala'i.