1612: facts, events, sakamakon

A taron, wanda aka ya shahara a 1612, ta gangara a tarihi a matsayin ƙarshen Lokaci na matsaloli da kuma farkon kasar kwata 'yanci daga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin. Wannan shekara ya mai babbar taron na nan gaba, ya aza harsashin ginin a karshe fitar da Dogayen sanda. An yanzu yi imani da cewa shi ne a girmama wannan biki da aka yi bikin National Unity da aka a watan Nuwamba. Tarihi na 1612 ba za a dauke ba tare da wani bincike na baya events. Wannan ma'ana, domin a hanyoyi masu yawa da wannan lokaci - lokaci na ƙarshe wani mataki a cikin ci gaban jihar. Kamar yadda da dukan da key shekara a cikin tarihi, 1612-th ya da nisa daga sauki.

1612: yadda shi duka ya fara

Duk da cewa da kwanaki da matsaloli da yawa a cikin litattafan alama da shekaru 1605-1612, da tsaba matsalar da aka shuka nan da nan bayan mutuwar Ivan da Munin, na karshe daga cikin Rurik daular.

Bayan mutuwar wani karfi shugaban, bai bar baya da wannan iko gaje, kasar fara sha a karkashin nauyin internecine jayayya daga cikin boyars da m hare-hare na da yawa makwabta. A magada daga Ivan da Munin sun, amma sun mutu, don haka ikon ya wuce zuwa Godunov. Shi ne mai wuya lokaci, saboda a nuna na 16th kuma 17th ƙarni m yunwa, wanda aka tare da sha musantawa gangs kuma high mace-mace a tsakanin kowa mutane. A hade tare da m Lithuanian da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland mamayar aikata Lokaci na matsaloli sosai duhu lokaci a cikin tarihi na Rasha. Da wannan bango, cikin da'irar boyars hambararren daga kursiyin Godunov, sanarwar cewa ya kwace mulki ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma cewa ya mulki ne saba wa nufin Allah. Bayan da cewa sau biyu bayyana zato ceto da kuma tsira zuriyar Ivan da Munin - arya Dmitry, amma suka yi mulki dogon. A cikin farkawa daga cikin m siyasa halin da ake ciki a Rasha da shi ya zama mai sauki ganima ga kasashen waje invaders. Poland bai hana ta damar kama ikon a kasar raunana ba tare da wani m.

Yunƙurin na samun 'yanci daga ruhun

A cikin'yan shẽkaru har da abubuwan da suka faru fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a 1612, ya fara da kwato tawaye da 'yan kasashen waje. Don samar da taimakon soji Shuya farashin Karelian County sayi sojojin da Sweden.

Wannan hade da sojojin suka ci fi mayar saboda cin amana na Jamus sojojin haya da su mika mulki ga makiya. Wannan ya bude hanyar Moscow.

A heroes of mutanen - Minin da Pozharsky

Minin an zabe shi a matsayin babban jami'in mayakan kungiyoyin na Nizhny Novgorod. Ya tattara da bukatun da sojojin babban Jimlar - kowane iyali yana da wani wajibi a yi game da 20% na da darajar. Pozharsky zama soja shugaban. Ya aka ba da alaka da kasashen waje invaders, don haka mutane suka taru, a kusa da shi. Zai yiwu shi ne ya yanke shawarar abin da za a yi a 1612 a tarihi. Shugabannin aika haruffa na kira da'a hadakai da su shiga cikin tawayen. A mutane karɓa kira zuwa. Daga dukkan sassan kasar fara zo a Yaroslavl mutane shirya domin yakin neman zabe. A mayakan tsaya a can har zuwa karshen lokacin rani. Pozharsky aka tsunduma a soja da al'amura, da kuma Minin ya hau kan tattalin arziki management. Sojojin yi tafiya a Moscow a rabi na biyu na watan Agusta.

Moscow Siege

Duk da cewa da kewaye mayakan fara a watan Agusta, ya ƙare da shi a watan Oktoba a cikin tsohon style. Saboda haka, Dogayen sanda zauna a cikin birnin. Domin su, 1612 ya ba da mafi kyau - guzuri ga ƙarshe, kuma da isowa daga transports ya jira na dogon lokaci. A rana bayan da m na 'yan tawaye suka zo, suka yi jiran wata masĩfa da jerin gwanon. Sabanin tsammanin, wannan yaƙi nasara mayakan sa kai. Sun fi mayar da bashi da nasara ga Minin, da aiki a matsayin wani jarumi soja da kuma wani m dabarun. Gawar wani karye ayarin suka tattara da kuma Rasha da a kawo musu kayan abinci, don haka dole yunwa da Dogayen sanda da kuma boyars na Kremlin katangu.

Complete rashin abinci ya sa ba kawai a high mace-mace kudi, amma kuma da yawa lokuta na cin naman mutane a sansanin.

Moscow Sturm

Sturm raunana sojojin fara a ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba, da kuma Dogayen sanda aka fitar daga Chinatown. Rasha shiga Kremlin 24 Oktoba. Yana da aka Nuwamba 1612 - wato, da yawan 4 a cikin sabon salon. Wannan ranar da aka yanzu bikin a matsayin hutu na hadin kan kasa a Rasha.

Zemsky Sobor

1612 aza harsashin ginin domin kara aukuwa. Bayan ƙarshen kewaye da Minin da Pozharsky gudanar da wani Zemsky Sobor, da manufar wanda ya zabi na wani sabon sarki. Bisa ga shawara, in ban da Cathedral da limaman za su shiga mutane na daban-daban azuzuwan daga daban-daban birane. A yanke shawarar zabi sarki ya da za a dauka baki daya, da kuma ranar da zaben kanta da aka ƙaddara a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 1613. Bisa ga sakamakon da majalisar ya zama sarki Mikhail Romanov, wanda ya yaba da isa yabo na Minin da Pozharsky. Saboda haka, na farko da aka bai wa aristocratic suna, da kuma na biyu da aka daukaka zuwa ga daraja da Duma na boyars.

Minin a sabon matsayinsa aka tattara haraji har mutuwarsa, kuma Pozharsky ci gaba da kai da dakarun 'yantar yaƙi gāba da Dogayen sanda. 1612 ya zama a gare su da kuma ga dukan m jihar. Kamar wancan ƙare Lokaci na matsaloli, wanda ya kawo da yawa fama da Rasha ƙasar.