Data kuma abubuwa game da yanayi. Yanayin duniya

Yanayi - shi ne abin da damar rayuwa a duniya. A farkon bayanai na gaskiya game da yanayi da muka samu da baya a 'yan makaranta. A makarantar sakandare, muka kasance mafi saba da wannan ra'ayi a cikin labarin kasa darussa.

A ra'ayi na cikin yanayin duniya

A yanayi a can ne ba kawai a duniya, amma kuma na sauran wani sarari suKe jikinsu. Don haka ya kira gas ambulan ya kewaye duniya. A abun da ke ciki na wannan gas Layer bambanta muhimmanci daban-daban taurari. Bari mu dubi cikin muhimman bayanai na gaskiya game da yanayin duniya, in ba haka ba da aka sani da iska.

A mafi muhimmanci na da aka gyara ne oxygen. Wasu mutane kuskure zaton cewa yanayin duniya da aka hada gaba ɗaya na oxygen, amma a gaskiya iska - cakuda gas. Ya kunshi 78% nitrogen da kuma 21% oxygen. Sauran kashi daya hada da lemar sararin samaniya, argon, carbon dioxide, ruwa tururi. Bari yawan wadannan gas ne kananan, amma da suka bauta wa wani muhimmin aiki - sha da wani gagarumin rabo daga hasken rana radiation makamashi da kuma haka ba su bayar da wani luminary sake fasalin duk rayuwa a wannan duniya tamu zuwa toka. yanayi Properties canja dangane da tsawo. Alal misali, a tsawon 65 km ne 86% nitrogen da oxygen - 19%.

A abun da ke ciki na yanayin duniya

• Carbon dioxide da ake bukata domin shuka abinci mai gina jiki. A yanayi, shi ya bayyana a sakamakon numfasawa na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, Rotting, kona. Its rashi a cikin abun da ke ciki na yanayi zai yi da shi ba zai yiwu ba ga wanzuwar wani shuke-shuke.
• Oxygen - da muhimmanci ga mutum bangaren na yanayi. Da kasancewar ne kafin ga wanzuwar duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Shi ne game da 20% na jimlar girma na yanayi gas.
• Lemar sararin samaniya - wata halitta absorber da hasken rana ultraviolet radiation, wanda adversely rinjayar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Mafi yawa daga shi Forms mai raba Layer da yanayi - lemar sararin samaniya allo. A cikin 'yan shekaru, mutum aiki take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa lemar sararin samaniya Layer an fara karya saukar, amma tun da shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci, da aiki aiki na kiyayewa da kuma sabuntawa.
• Ruwa tururi gano zafi. Its abun ciki na iya bambanta dangane da daban-daban dalilai: iska zazzabi, yanayin wuri, kakar. A low yanayin zafi ruwa tururi a cikin iska, sosai kadan iya zama kasa da kashi daya, yayin da wani babban adadin daga gare shi ne 4%.
• Bugu da kari ya na sama, a cikin abun da ke ciki na yanayin duniya ne ko da yaushe wani yawan m da ruwa impurities. Wannan toka, ash, teku gishiri, ƙura, ruwa droplets, kwayoyin. Fada a cikin iska, suka iya biyu na halitta da kuma mutum-yi wajen.

A yadudduka da yanayi

Kuma da yawan zafin jiki da kuma da yawa da kuma ingancin iska a daban-daban Heights m. Saboda wannan, shi ya yanke shawarar zuwa ware daban-daban yadudduka da yanayi. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da halaye. Bari mu gano abin da yadudduka da yanayi suke da daraja:

• Troposphere - da yanayi Layer ne mafi kusa ga Duniya ta surface. Tsayinsa - 8-10 km sama da sandunan da kuma 16-18 km - a cikin tropics. Akwai 90% na jimlar ruwa tururi cewa wanzu a cikin yanayi, don haka akwai wani aiki da girgije samuwar. Har ila yau a cikin wannan Layer akwai matakai kamar motsi da iska (iska), halin rashin kwanciyar hankali, convection. Yanayin zafi Range daga 45 digiri a rana a cikin dumi kakar a cikin tropics zuwa -65 digiri a zura sandunan ɗaukarsa.
• A stratosphere - na biyu karkara daga ƙasa Layer na yanayi. Located a tsawon 11 zuwa 50 km. A cikin ƙananan Layer na stratosphere zafin jiki na game da -55, a cikin shugabanci daga duniya da ta fito zuwa + 1s. Wannan yanki ne da ake kira inversion kuma shi ne ya yi iyaka da stratosphere da mesosphere.
• A mesosphere aka located a tsawon 50 zuwa 90 km. A zafin jiki a da ƙananan iyakar - game 0, a cikin sama ya kai -80 ...- 90? C. Meteorites shigar da yanayin duniya, gaba daya combusted a Mesospheric, saboda wannan iska watsi faruwa a nan.
• Thermosphere yana da wani kauri kamar 700 km. A wannan Layer, da yanayi da ciwon da Aurora borealis. Sun bayyana saboda da iska ionization da cosmic radiation da radiation emanating daga rana.
• Exospheres - a watsawa zone iska. A nan, da gas maida hankali ne ƙanana da su sauka a hankali janye auku a interplanetary sarari.

A iyaka tsakanin yanayin duniya da kuma sarari expanses zaci layi na 100 km. Wannan yanayin da aka kira da Karman line.

yanayi matsa lamba

Sauraren cuaca, mun ji sau da yawa da yanayi matsa lamba karatu. Amma abin da ya aikata da matsa lamba na yanayi, da kuma yadda shi zai shafe mu?

Mun gane cewa gas kunshi iska da kuma impurities. Kowace daga cikin wadannan aka gyara yana da kansa nauyi, sabili da haka yanayi ne ba weightless, sun yi ĩmãni, har XVII karni. Yanayi matsa lamba - mai karfi tare da wanda duk yadudduka da yanayi a karkashin matsin a Duniya ta surface da kuma a kan duk batutuwa.

Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da hadaddun lissafin da kuma tabbatar da cewa daya murabba'in mita na yanayi presses da karfi na 10.333 kg. Saboda haka, mutum jiki ne fallasa da iska matsa lamba, nauyin da ke 12-15 tons. Me ya sa ba mu ji da shi? Yana ceton mu ta ciki matsa lamba da ma'aunan da waje. Daya iya jin yanayi matsa lamba a kan wani jirgin sama ko a tuddai, tun da yanayi matsa lamba a tsawo da yawa m. A wannan yanayin, zai yiwu jiki rashin jin daɗi, da kwanciya da kunnuwa, juwa.

Ban sha'awa bayanai da kuma facts

A yanayin da yake gewaye da duniya, za mu iya ce da yawa daga abubuwan. Mun sani game da shi mai yawa ban sha'awa facts, kuma wasu daga cikinsu na iya ze m:

• terrestrial yanayi Tã 5 300 000 000 000 000 tons.
• Shi facilitates watsa daga sauti. A tsawon fiye da 100 km wannan dukiya da aka rasa saboda canje-canje a cikin yanayi abun da ke ciki.
• Movement of yanayi tsokane ta m dumama ta duniya surface.
• Don sanin ko iska zazzabi yin amfani da wani ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, ya kuma san da karfi yanayi matsa lamba - barometer.
• A gaban da yanayi kubutar da duniya tamu daga 100 ton na meteorites kowace rana.
• Air abun da ke ciki da aka gyarawa da 'yan xari shekaru miliyan, amma ya fara canza tare da farkon na wani m samar da ayyuka.
• An yi imani da cewa yanayi kara har zuwa wani tsawon 3000 km.

Ma'ana yanayi na mutum

Physiological yanayi sashi ne 5 km. A tsawon 5000 m saman teku matakin, wani mutum ya fara bayyana rashin oxygen, sakamakon wani karu a cikin wasan kwaikwayon da kuma tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya. Wannan ya nuna cewa wani mutum ba zai iya tsira a sarari, inda akwai wannan ban mamaki cakuda gas.

All bayanai na gaskiya game da yanayi ne kawai tabbatar da muhimmancin ga mutane. Godiya ta zuwa ga gaban da kuma damar rayuwa a duniya. Riga yau, kimantawa da nisan da lalacewar da ta 'yan Adam ne m na ayyuka amfani bada rai-iska, muna bukatar mu yi tunani game da kara ayyuka don adana da kuma mayar da yanayi.