DNA kira - yana da sauki!

Ko da a cikin ilmin halitta aji, mun koyi cewa DNA - duniya m kayyade bayanai a dukkan halittu, fãce RNA ƙwayoyin cuta. DNA kira - wani tsari da wajibi ne ga halittar sabon deoxyribonucleic acid.

Cikin jigidar halittar DNA da aka fara gano a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th, biyu da masana kimiyya suka yi J. Watson da Crick, da abin da suka, a gaskiya, ya karbi shahara Nobel Prize. The sosai jigidar halittar DNA - wani biyu thread wanda aka juya zuwa cikin wani karkace. A yarns an hada da nucleotides, wanda suna da alaka a jerin. A nucleotide hada da daya tushe (nitrogenous), wanda kawai hudu saitosin, taimain, adenine da kuma Bibyun. Yana da wadannan sansanonin da kuma sadarwa tare da deoxyribose kuma zuwa sosai tushe na phosphate kungiyar ne a haɗe.

DNA kira - wannan ba wani wuya tsari, kamar yadda ta iya ze farko duba. Idan ka yi tunani game da shi, ka farko bukatar gane abin da yake cikin kira. Wannan tsari na hada wani abu a daya naúrar. wani sabon jigidar halittar DNA samuwar faruwa a dama, saukarwa:

1. DNA topoisomerase, kwance a gaban kwafi cokali mai yatsu, cuts da DNA domin sauƙaƙe ta unwinding da unwinding.
2. DNA helicase bayan topoisomerase shafi aiwatar da "unwound" da DNA Helix.
3. DNA-dauri sunadarai dauri DNA strands aka yi, da kuma gudanar da karfafawa, hana su daga mai danko da juna.
4. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA na biyu gubar kewaye.

Wadannan matakai huɗu da kira karshen, sunã gudãna a cikin iyaye jigidar halittar DNA. Bayan wannan kira lagging kewaye.

1. Bayan daya tufka da DNA zai iya stabilized da Unbraid DNA polymerase "alpha" za a haɗe da shi wanda rike da ake kira share fage da kira. Ya kamata a lura cewa a wannan mataki, da RNA gutsure kira. Wannan shi ne a aiwatar da samuwar sabuwar DNA kwayoyin jiki bukatun da ribonucleotides. Bayan kira, da enzyme da aka cire daga DNA strands, wanda aka a baya a haɗe. A gaba enzyme wanda aka haɗe da zare, za epsilon DNA polymerase.
2. A muka ambata a sama enzyme ya ci gaba da mika share fage, amma yana amfani da wannan deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides maimakon a matsayin kai-taken alpha enzyme. Wannan results a cikin wani dukan sarkar da wanda aka hada da sassa biyu: DNA da RNA. Wannan enzyme da aka cire daga sarkar idan aka samu ta baya share fage da gutsure.
3. DNA polymerase "beta" to share canzawa daga ribonucleotides da deoxyribonucleotides su.
4. DNA ligase crosslinks biyu Okazaki, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa. A wannan terminates DNA kira. Wannan ne karshe mataki na nasa.

Me ya sa muke bukatar wani DNA kira da kuma dalilin da ya sa wannan tsari ne da muhimmanci? Don gane da wannan, muna bukatar kawai ke yin tunãni a kan abin da muke bukatar mu deoxyribonucleic acid. Su main aiki - ajiya na kwayoyin bayanai, wanda zai baya a daukar kwayar cutar zuwa zuriyarsa. Yana da wannan aiki da kuma ne ya sa ta irin wannan babban muhimmancin DNA. Saboda gaskiya cewa shi riko da duk bayani game da kwayoyin halitta, shi ne ya biya zuwa binciken na musamman muhimmancin. Muna fatan cewa masana kimiyya za su cimma babbar nasara a wannan filin na kimiyya.