Dokokin Wind: Jerin, Lambobi

Kusan duk orchestras ba iska kida. Za a ba da jerin sunayen su a cikin wannan labarin. Har ila yau a nan akwai bayani game da nau'ikan kayan kiɗa da kuma ka'idar cirewa daga sauti.

Dokokin Wind

Waɗannan su ne bututun da za a iya yi da itace, karfe ko wani abu. Suna da nau'i daban-daban kuma suna samar da sauti daban-daban na kiɗa, waɗanda aka samo ta ta hanyar iska. Halin da "murya" na kayan aikin iska ya dogara da girmansa. Mafi girma shi ne, karin iska ta wuce ta wurin, daga inda yawancin oscillation ya ƙasaita, kuma sautin da aka samar ya ƙasaita.

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don canza yanayin faɗakarwar sauti ta wannan irin kayan aiki:

• Daidaita ƙarar iska ta yatsunsu, tare da taimakon haɗin kai, shafuka, bawul din da sauransu, dangane da irin kayan aiki;
• Ƙara ƙarfin yin busa ƙaran iska a cikin bututu.

Sautin ya dogara ne kawai akan fitowar iska, sabili da haka suna - kayan murya. Za a ba da jerin sunayensu a ƙasa.

Daban iska

Akwai manyan nau'i biyu - jan karfe da itace. Da farko, an rarraba su ta wannan hanya, dangane da kayan da aka sanya su. Yanzu irin kayan aiki ya dogara ne akan hanyar da aka fitar da sauti daga gare ta. Alal misali, an yi sauti a matsayin kayan aiki na katako. A lokaci guda, ana iya yin itace, karfe ko gilashi. Saxophone ana samar da shi kawai ne kawai ta hanyar karfe, amma yana da nau'i na woodwinds. Ana iya yin kayan aikin gwangwani na nau'o'i daban-daban: jan ƙarfe, azurfa, tagulla da sauransu. Akwai nau'i na musamman - kayan kiɗa na keyboard. Jerin su ba haka ba ne. Wadannan sun hada da harmonium, kwaya, jituwa, melodic, bayan. Jirgin a cikin su ya zo ne ta hanyar fursunoni na musamman.

Waɗanne kayan aiki ne masu alaka da kayan kiɗa?

Mun lissafa kayan kiɗa. Jerin su kamar haka:

• Kaya;
• Clarinet;
• Trombone;
• Maballin kunnawa;
• Fusho;
• Saxophone;
• Jiki;
• Zurna;
• Oboe;
• Harmonium;
• Balaban;
• Hadin gwiwa;
• Kakakin Faransanci;
• Bassoon;
• Tuba;
• Bagpipes;
• Sheng;
• Duduk;
• Labarin yada labarai;
• Mabiya Macedonian;
• Shakuhachi;
• Ocarina;
• Serpent;
• Sauti;
• Helicon;
• Didgeridoo;
• Kurai;
• Trembita.

Za ka iya suna wasu wasu kayan aiki masu kama.

Brass tagulla

An yi amfani da kundin mota na tagulla, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, daga nau'i daban-daban, ko da yake a tsakiyar zamanai akwai wasu wadanda aka yi daga itace. Sautin daga gare su yana samowa ta hanyar ƙarfafawa ko kuma raunana iska mai iska, kuma ta hanyar canja yanayin matsayi na mai kiɗa. Da farko dai, iskar gashin iska ta sake samo asali kawai. A cikin 30s na karni na 19, an maye gurbin su tare da akwatuna. Wannan ya ba da izinin irin waɗannan kida don haifar da sikelin chromatic. Trombone don wadannan dalilai shi ne mai karɓa.

Mawaki na kudan zuma (jerin):

• Kaya;
• Trombone;
• Kakakin Faransanci;
• Tuba;
• Serpent;
• Helicon.

Woodwinds

An kirkiro kayan kida na wannan nau'i ne daga itace. A yau, wannan abu ba shi da amfani dashi don samar da su. Sunan yana nuna ka'idar sauti mai kyau - a cikin bututu na katako. Wadannan kayan waƙa suna bayar da ramuka a jiki, wanda yake tsaye a nesa da juna. Mai bidiyo ya buɗe kuma ya rufe yatsunsu yayin wasa tare da yatsunsu. Godiya ga wannan, an sami wasu sauti. Ta wannan ka'idar, woodwinds sauti. Sunaye (jerin) da aka haɗa a wannan rukuni sune kamar haka:

• Clarinet;
• Zurna;
• Oboe;
• Balaban;
• Fusho;
• Bassoon.

Harshe kayan kiɗa

Akwai wasu nauyin iska - reed. Suna sauti godiya ga takalma mai faɗakarwa (tab), wanda yake ciki. Ana sautin sauti ta hanyar daukan hotuna zuwa iska, ko ta jawo da kuma lalata. A kan wannan dalili, zaku iya ƙirƙirar kayan aiki na musamman. Ruwan ruhaniya yana rarraba cikin iri iri. An rarraba su ta yadda suke cire sauti. Ya dogara da irin harshe, wanda zai iya zama ƙarfe (alal misali, kamar yadda yake a cikin shambura na gabar jiki), slipping sannu a hankali (kamar yadda a cikin harp da jituwa), ko kuma doki, ko kuma juye, kamar yadda a cikin katako na katako.

Jerin kayan aikin irin wannan:

• Labial harmonica;
• Tsarin;
• Clarinet;
• Maballin kunnawa;
• Bau;
• Bassoon;
• Saxophone;
• Calimb;
• Hadin gwiwa;
• Oboe;
• Hulls.

Domin iska kida tare da free harshe jirgin ruwa ake ɗaukar ne: akordiyon, lebe harmonica, akordiyon. A cikin su, iska tana kwantar da shi ta hanyar busa ƙahon mawaƙa, ko kuma ta furs. Jirgin iska yana haifar da harsuna don sasantawa kuma ta haka ne aka samo sauti daga kayan aiki. Harp ma yana da irin wannan. Amma harshensa ba ya girgiza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska, amma tare da taimakon hannun mawaƙan, ta hanyar raguwa da jawo. Oboe, Bassoon, Saxophone da clarinet suna cikin nau'in daban. A cikinsu, harshe yana cikewa, kuma an kira shi tsako. Mai sauti ya busa iska a cikin kayan. A sakamakon haka, harshe yana ƙaddamar da sauti.

Inda zan yi amfani da kayan kiɗa

An yi amfani da kayan iska, wanda aka tsara a cikin wannan labarin, ana amfani dasu a wasu orchestras. Alal misali: sojan soja, iska, jarabawa, iri-iri, jazz. Har ila yau, lokaci-lokaci za su iya aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na jam'iyya. Yana da wuya suna yin soloing.

Kusa

Wannan woodwind kayan aiki. List dangane da wannan irin bututu da aka ba a sama.

Filayen yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan kida mafi tsoho. Ba ya amfani da harshe, kamar yadda a wasu woodwinds. A nan, an watsa iska a kan gefen kayan aiki kanta, kuma a sakamakon haka, an kafa sauti. Akwai nau'o'i iri-iri masu yawa.

Syringa wani kayan aiki guda ɗaya ne ko kayan aiki na musamman na Ancient Girka. Sunanta ta fito ne daga sunan tsuntsun muryar tsuntsu. Yawancin gangar da aka yi amfani da shi a baya ya zama sanannun sautin Pan. A kan wannan kayan aiki a zamanin duniyar, masarauta da makiyaya suna wasa. A cikin d ¯ a Romawa, syringa ya ha] a da wasanni a kan mataki.

Mai rikodin - kayan aiki na katako na iyali. Zuwa ta kusa da sopilka, bututu da kuma saƙo. Bambancinsa daga wasu woodwinds shine a gefen baya akwai valve na octave, wato, rami don rufewa da yatsansa, wanda tsayin sautin ya rage. Ana fitar da su ta hanyar hurawa iska da rufewa da yatsun mawaƙa da ramukan bakwai a gefen gaba. Irin wannan busa-buri ya kasance mafi mashahuri tsakanin karni na 16 da 18. Lambarta mai laushi ne, ƙaƙaɗan, dumi, amma ana iya iyakancewarsa. A yawancin ayyukansa, irin wadannan masu kirkiro kamar Antonia Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Friedrich Händel da sauransu sunyi amfani da rikodin. Sautin wannan kayan aiki ya raunana, kuma hankali ya shahararsa ya ragu. Haka ya faru bayan akwai wani mai gangara da sarewa, da wanda yake shi ne ta zuwa yanzu mafi used. A zamaninmu, ana amfani da mai rikodin a matsayin kayan aiki. Masu farawa sukan fara yin jagorancin farko, sai kawai su tafi zuwa ga dogon lokaci.

Flute-Piccolo wani nau'i ne. Ta na da mafi girma daga dukkan kayan kaya. Sautin sa yana motsawa da sokin. Piccolo yana da rabin tsayi na sauti. Hakan yana daga "sake" zuwa "zuwa" na biyar.

Sauran nau'ukan sauti: haɗuwa, panfleet, di, Irish, ken, flute, pizhatka, sutura, okarina.

Trombone

Wannan kayan aiki ne na tagulla (jerin sunayen mambobin wannan iyali an gabatar a cikin wannan labarin a sama). Kalmar "trombone" an fassara daga Italiyanci kamar "babban ƙaho". Akwai daga karni na 15. Daga sauran kayan wannan rukuni na trombone ya bambanta da cewa yana da tube-haɗin kai, ta hanyar abin da mai ɗaukar waƙa ya sauti, yana canza ƙarar iska a cikin kayan. Akwai nau'in trombone da dama: nau'in (mafi yawan), bass da alto (mafi sau da yawa amfani da su), contrabass da soprano (kusan ba amfani).

Hulusi

Wannan kayan aikin iska ne na kasar Sin da ƙarin tubes. Wani suna ne bilandao. A cikin duka, yana da nau'i uku ko hudu - ɗaya mai mahimmanci (daɗaɗɗa) da yawa bourdon (low-sounding). Sautin wannan kayan aiki mai laushi ne, melodic. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da hoolios don yin wasan kwaikwayo, da wuya a takaice. A al'adance, mazaunin ya kunshi wannan kayan aiki, yana bayyanawa ga mace mai ƙauna.