Evenk cin gashin kanta Area: babban birnin kasar, lokacin, birni

Evenkia - wani tsoho da kuma m ƙasar. Ya labarin ne wani ɓangare na tarihin Siberia, wanda yana ta asalin mutane da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce. Mene ne na ƙwarai Evenk cin gashin kanta Area?

Gwargwadon matsayi

Evenk cin gashin kanta Area - yankin da kuma administrative naúrar na Rasha Federation. Shi ne mai memba na Krasnoyarsk Abuja. Yana located in Eastern Siberia. Kẽwayesu Irkutsk yankin Jamhuriyar Saha (Iakutiia) tare da Taimyrsky (Yamal Nenetski) m yankin. Wannan yanki maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na 770 dubu sq. M. km. 18,000 - haka mutane da yawa zauna da Evenki cin gashin kanta Area. Capital - birane kauyen Tour. Bugu da kari wa administrative yankin ne zuwa kashi 3 yankunan - Baikit, Ilimpiysky, Tungussko-Chui - da kuma 22 karkara gwamnatoci.

Daga cikin dukan batutuwa na Rasha Federation a kan ƙasa na Siberia, Evenkia cin gashin kanta District yana da disadvantageous Gwargwadon matsayi. Yana bautarka tsakiyar Tsakiya Siberian Plateau. Tsororuwar a cikin County - Stone Mountain tsawo 1701 m Akwai sosai daban-daban climatic zones kazalika da Evenk cin gashin kanta Area ne muhimmanci miƙa daga arewa zuwa kudu ga 1,500 km .. A sauyin yanayi ne da nahiyar. Yuli zazzabi - har zuwa 38 ° C, a cikin hunturu - don -67 ° C. Babban ɓangare na Evenkia yana nufin Far Arewa na Rasha. An yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m da matsananci wurare don rayuwa a Rasha.

integrally

Afrilu 17, 2005 gudanar da zaben raba gardama wanda ke haifar a cikin Evenk cin gashin kanta District garwaya da Krasnoyarsk Abuja. A Janairu 1, 2007, ya samu wani sabon matsayi. Tun wannan lokacin ne, ya zama wani birni gundumar na Krasnoyarsk Abuja. Daina wanzuwa da kuma Tajmyrsky (Nenets) District. Ya, kamar Evenki cin gashin kanta Area, ya hada kai tare da Krasnoyarsk Abuja.

albarkatun

Babban albarkatun da wannan ɓangare na Siberia hydrocarbons - man fetur da kuma iskar gas. A yankin ne ma mai arziki a cikin zinariya, Diamonds, graphite, kwal, phosphate albarkatun kasa da kuma platinum. Alamar rahama ne adibas na rare da kuma wadanda ba ferrous karafa. Akwai reserves na duwatsu masu daraja, jan-nickel da iron tama.

Flora

Evenkia - mafi kyau wuri a cikin kasar, amma saboda mutane da yawa da shi ya zauna m da kuma unexplored matsayin sarari. Duk da al'amarin a cikin matsananci yanayin damina da kuma karkara daga manyan birane. Saboda haka, rare yawon shakatawa kuskure ya ziyarci Evenki cin gashin kanta Area. Hotuna dauka matafiya, da damar mu a kalla daga view of yanayin wannan yankin. Sararin yankunan shagaltar da ta Arctic kankara, amma akwai tundra, taiga da dutsen gandun daji. Akwai da yawa tabkuna, kusan dukkan su na glacial asalin: tafkin Vivi, Essey, Agatha, Dyupkun. Game da kwata na yankin na gundumar aka located a cikin Arctic Circle, akwai permafrost. Sauran ciyayi kunshi gandun daji. A kudu, shi ne spruce da itacen al'ul, da arewa, suna maye gurbinsu da larch Woodland. A gangara - tundra na mosses da lichens. A kan ƙasa na Evenkia biyu reserves - Putoransky da Tunguska.

fauna

M yanayin damina amma duk da haka ba da damar m mazauna tafiyar da kiwon kifi. Yana gida Sable, ermine, baki da azurfa fox. Suna fitar sabõda pelts a cikin Jawo cinikin. A cikin ruwan kifaye a cikin gandun daji - daji reindeer a cikin gandun daji - sauran dabbobi. Nan za ka iya saduwa da launin ruwan kasa bear, Siberian kuma Arctic kerkẽci, kurege, mink, Lynx, muskrat, fox fari.

yawan

Game da 18 da mutane dubu ne yanzu zauna wannan yankin. A babban birnin kasar da ya - Tour kauyen. Evenk cin gashin kanta Area yana da matukar low yawan yawa - game 0.03 mutane da 1 sq. km. A hukumance rubuta rashin aikin yi ne low - game da 4%. Tattalin arziki aiki yawan - 9000, wanda shi ne game da 1/3 na dukkan mazauna. The aiki-shekaru alaka 62%, a kan cewa shekaru - 12%, a karkashin - 26%. Evenkia mata fiye da maza: 53% vs. 47 girma na yawan rayuwa a yankunan karkara - 71%, a birane, yawan - 29%. The kabilu na Evenkia wadannan:

• Rasha - 60%,
• evenki- 21%
• Yakuts - 5%
• Evens - 4.5%.
• Ukrainian 3%
• sauran - 6.5%.

tattalin arzikin

Zaki ya share na dukan Evenkiya masana'antu, fiye da 97%, suna 3 Categories:

• man fetur,
• da wutar lantarki,
• abinci.

Fuel masana'antu nuna samar da man fetur da kuma iskar gas. A nan, biyar sami filayen da reserves daga wadannan albarkatun. Su jimla da aka kiyasta a 1.1 ya kai tan biliyan mafi manyan kamfanonin - .. Daga "NK" Yukos "JSC" Krasnoyarskgazprom "JSC" Yeniseineftegaz "total rabo na man fetur da masana'antun kan 50% a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar.

Wutar Lantarki hadaddun bautarka 25% na County tattalin arzikin kasar. Ikon samar da makamashi ta amfani da man dizal. The most of su - Jihar Unitary ciniki "Varanavaenergo" OGUP "Ilimpiyskie ikon," Sue "Baikit yankin samar da sha'anin na jama'a mai amfani".

A cikin masana'antu da samar da Evenkia masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci bautarka kusan 20%. An kagaggun tsunduma a samar da gidan burodi kayayyakin.

A mafi ɓullo da ko da aikin noma da kuma da gandunan daji, da kuma garkuwa da. Akwai tartsatsi reindeer herding, farauta, alade da kiwo shanu.

labarin

Evenki mutane anciently inhabiting wadannan wurare da shagaltar da sararin wuraren Siberia - a kan Likitan mata River a yamma da Okhotsk Sea a gabas, daga Arctic ga Angara. Yaya zã su a wata fairly suna fadin yawan mallakeku irin yankuna na Siberia? The abu ne cewa, reindeer herding, kama kifi da farauta, Evenki jagoranci wani nomadic rayuwa. Bugu da kari a wannan yanayi na motsi na arewa na wannan mutane an sauki karbuwa ga sabon yanayin rayuwa da kuma wani daban-daban sauyin yanayi. Duk da haka, sun riga sun saba zuwa wani daban-daban hanyar rayuwa da kuma tattalin arziki.

A tarihin wannan wuri a matsayin administrative gundumar Dates baya ga 1930. Sai Soviet gwamnati ta fara samar da wata kasa gundumar. Babban maƙasudin ya zuwa Master wadannan yankunan, domin magance jahilci m 'yan asalin mutane, bunkasa tattalin arziki da kuma al'adu na cikin gida yawan. Daga baya masana tarihi sun lura da wannan lokaci kamar yadda kaifi canji a matsayi na lardi. Mazauna wurin na Semi-mulkin gargajiya hinterland hawa zuwa zamanin masana'antu.

Arewa ci gaba ya fara da yi na Turin kultbazy. Evenki, wanda zai iya kawai sarrafa wani reindeer sleigh da kuma samun da dabbobi, a kan gurãbunsu, sun koyi girma alkama, dankali, kayan lambu, za a iya tsunduma a dabba husbandry. Hakika, shi ne babban rabo mai na Soviet majagaba wanda ya kawo ga wannan yanki na ilimi da kuma kwarewa. A shekara ta 1927, na farko asibiti a Evenkia, yan makaranta, da aka gina. Mun fara gudanar da wani takardar shaida na yawan jama'a. Kuma riga a 1930 ya gabatar da sallar wajibi firamarensa ga mutane. A lokaci guda suka fara gabatar da kyau gundumar. Akwai katako sidewalks, a kusa Tours gwamnati gina wani square, dasa masa itatuwa. A 1938, akwai wani gidan waya. A shekarar 1968, na farko ga mai saukar ungulu Evenki cin gashin kanta Area.

Lokaci ya canja, yanzu, amma har yanzu wuya su yi tunanin rayuwar da wadannan wurare ba tare da iska zirga-zirga. Babban alama - wata babbar nesa da ƙauyuka daga juna. Ta hanyar iska da kuma yanzu isar da abinci, kayan dukiya, fasinjoji, shift ma'aikata da dayansu, sadarwa da makiyaya.

A shekara ta 1933, na farko jarida aka buga a Evenkia. Mun buga shi tare da wahala, in babu wutar lantarki dabaran bugun tafireta spun da hannu Editoci "Evenk". Saboda haka mazaunan Evenkia fara samun labarai daga shafukan da buga edition.

M lumana rayuwar m 1941. Sa'an nan kare mahaifarsa zuwa gaban kashe 1816 mutane, shi ne na biyar na yawan waɗanda suke a shekaru. 306 mazaunan bai kõma ba daga fagen. Bayan da yaki a nan gabã ɗaya sake gina tattalin arzikin kasar. Rasha, Evenk da sauran kasashe yi aiki a gama gonaki, tsunduma a reindeer kiwo, dabba husbandry, farauta, kama kifi, farauta da Jawo cinikin. Personnel Policy Council an karkata zuwa gida adam albarkatun.

By 1950, mafi yawan manyan mukamai shagaltar da mazauni ne na Evenkia. Tun shekarar 1970 rayayye gudanar da bincike da nufin gano ma'adanai. A lokaci guda hanzari gina gidaje hannun geologists da kuma masana'antun man fetur ma'aikata. Tun 1968, wani sabon matakin na daga al'adu. Ga na gida yawan ƙara ya fara kunna Soviet cinema. A shekarar 1975, akwai wani TV da Evenkia. Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ta shafi rayuwar gundumar. All concerted masana'antu fara fada baya.

kitchen

Kowace al'umma yana da kansa kasa abinci, wanda zai iya gaya mai yawa game da tarihin yankin da kuma mutane. Evenki ya dade da aka tsunduma a kama kifi da farauta. suka yawanci mined kamar kifi da kuma game, kamar yadda ya zama dole don abinci. Sai kawai karamin sashi bar for nan gaba amfani. Yanzu Evenk jita-jita jita-jita tattalin daga venison, bear nama, kifi. Ga wasu m gargajiya jita-jita na kasa abinci:

• Tyhemin. Wannan kifi miya, wadda aka yi tattali tare da caviar. Ta shafa har da santsi, sa'an nan kuma ƙara ruwan zãfi, sa mayar da shredded kifi, gishiri da kayan yaji.
• Jukola Evenki. Wannan ne mai gargajiya tasa na kyafaffen kifi. Don yin shi, cire shugaban da kuma kashin baya, gutting. Sa'an nan a yanka a cikin dogon bakin ciki yadudduka da kifi, sa incisions a ciki. Sa'an nan kyafaffen da wuta a karkashin rufaffiyar alfarwa, sa'an nan dried a rana tukuna. Ci irin wannan kifi, wanke saukar da shayi.
• Bushe Goose. Don shirya kai gawar cikin daji Goose, sayarwar, gutted, suka kawar da fata da kuma manyan ƙasũsuwa. Sa'an nan Ya sanya cuts a kan nono da kuma miƙa a kan wani musamman alfarwa cikin ƙaho a wurin. Irin wannan nama hunturu da kuma amfani da shirya soups, da kuma jita-jita.
• Gasa bear nama. A nama ne yanka a cikin kananan lebur guda tare da yadudduka na mai. Soyayyen cikin wani kwanon rufi, sa'an nan kuma ƙara da albasa da dankali. Ku bauta wa zafi.
• Korczak. Wannan tasa ake yi na reindeer madara. Yana da matukar kitse, don haka da-chilled Amma Yesu bai guje cikin wani lokacin farin ciki kumfa. Korczak yanke shawarar ci tare da scone tare da shayi.

The mafi ban sha'awa

• Area Evenkia ne m tare da karkarar irin kasashen Turkey da kuma Chile.
• Kasa cibiyar na Rasha - Lake Vivi, ko wajen kudu-maso-gabashin bakin tekun. Wannan matsayi da aka samu bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, lokacin da da iyakoki sun canza da kuma sabon tsarawa aka kafa. Sun gano Academician Peter Bakut. 27 ga Agusta, 1992 ne kafa wani abin tunawa tsawo na 7 m.
• Cikakkar sanyi batu a Krasnoyarsk yankin - Tembenchi River, hunturu yanayin zafi a nan - to debe 70 ° C.
• 1908 a cikin wadannan yankunan fadi zuwa cikin Tunguska meteorite.
• Amazing batu - Evenki cin gashin kanta Area. Cities ba, ba ya nan. Kawai 1 karamin gari - Tour na babban birnin kasar, da sauran - a kananan yankunan karkara shiri: kekuna, m, Kuyumba, Miryuga, Osharova, Poligus, Suromay, Surinda, Kislokan, Nidym, Uchami, Vanavara da sauransu.
• Lokaci Evenkiya - Krasnoiarskii: halin a 7 hours daga UTC da 4 hours daga Moscow.