Shine kuma sukari launi (hoto). Production da kuma kimantawa da ingancin sugar

Duniya kewaye da mu ya zama haka saba cewa mu sau da yawa ba su ma lura da wadanda kananan abubuwa da cewa yin up rayuwar mu. Alal misali, idan kana so ka sha shayi ko kofi, za mu iya gabagaɗi, kai da sugar don bunkasa dandano. Amma abin da yake wannan kaya? Abin da launi sugar? Shin, yana haskaka? Bayan duk, a kan shelves a cikin kantin sayar da shi ne irin wani iri-iri kayayyakin. Da yawa ya dogara da irin samfurin. Idan muka magana game da launi na ƙarau sugar, shi ne fari, kuma idan kara, da bambance-bambancen karatu na iya zama daban-daban.

muhimmanci abinci

Akwai da dama iri sucrose, wanda yake a cikin gida da kuma kira sugar. Shi yana da sinadirai masu darajar high, kamar yadda shi ne sauƙin digestible carbohydrates. Da zarar a cikin jiki, shi ne raba biyu aka gyara (fructose kuma glucose), kuma nan da nan ta shiga cikin jini rafi. Ta hanyar wannan mutumin zai iya rayuwa, kazalika da glucose - tushen fiye da rabin dukkan makamashi cewa jiki yana bukatar ga rana. Amma ta maida hankali kada wuce na kullum, saboda shi zai iya kai ga tsanani da rashin lafiya. Glucose yana da kishiyar sakamako ga guba ko wani hanta cututtuka. Shi yana da kyau sakamako a jiki, don haka shi ne, wani lokacin allura kai tsaye a cikin wani jannayẽnsa. A ƙasashe da dama, sugar ne babban bangaren da shiri na kayayyakin a cikin confectionery masana'antu. Alal misali, caramel, meringues da dragees 80-95% kunshi wannan abun zaki, cakulan da kuma candies - 50%, gari - by 30-40%. sugar launi na iya zama daban-daban, shi ya dogara daga abin da abu da aka sanya da kuma ko ƙarin bleaching ya faru.

Tarihi na samu

Indiya ne wurin haifuwa na ƙaunataccen sugar. Maganar kanta tana tsohuwar India Tushen, amma samu shi daga Greek cikin Rasha harshe. Turai majagaba na wannan samfurin sun Romawa. Sun sayi shi a gida da kuma dauki zuwa gidajensu. -Tsakin a cikin irin wannan ciniki yi Misira, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance a lardin na Roman Empire. Wannan samfurin ne kerarre daga rake. Da farko tsame ruwan 'ya'yan itace, sa'an nan, a cikin shakka daga jiyya, akwai dadi crumbs. A launi daga cikin sugar, wanda aka samu, da aka kasa-kasa.

A tsawon lokaci, da Romawa ya fara girma kara a kudancin Spain da kuma Sicily, amma tare da rushewar su bayyana duk samar aka tsayar. A Rasha sugar na farko ya bayyana a cikin XI-XII ƙarni. Amma ya san da dandano na kawai zabi, wato, da Yariman da ayarinsa. Peter na yanke shawarar cewa, ina bukatar zuwa tsirar da samfurin a cikin kasar da kuma bude na farko "House of sugar" a cikin XVIII karni. Amma shi ba haka ba sauki. Bayan duk, da albarkatun kasa har yanzu yana da za a shigo da daga kasashen waje kasashen. A 1809, da makamantansu ya aka yi nasara a wannan yanki, kamar yadda aka samu cewa sugar za a iya cirewa daga gida tushen amfanin gona - beets. Tun daga nan, wannan samfurin ba ya zo tare da wani tebur na dukan mazaunan Rasha, da kuma adadin amfani ne kawai da kara a kowace shekara.

Brown sugar

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wannan irin sweets sanya daga kara. A lu'ulu'u an rufe tare da molasses (molasses), kuma wannan saboda da launi da kuma kamshin sugar. The fasaha ne fairly sauki (syrup da aka sanya, sa'an nan shi ne Boiled), amma har yanzu yana da kansa ƙayyadaddu. Jinsunan Brown sugar ne quite mai yawa. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin adadin molasses cewa shi ne yanzu a cikin lu'ulu'u. Sau da yawa saboda takamaiman inuwõyinta suna kusa, wannan irin da aka kira "kofi" ko "shayi". Masana'antun da ake sakawa wannan samfurin a matsayin alatu da kuma aiyukan-m, wanda qara da farashin. Amma nutritionists yi gargaɗi da cewa saboda gaskiyar cewa sugar aka tsabtace, abun da ke ciki na iya hada maras so impurities kuma caloric abun ciki na samfurin ne ba ƙananan fiye da saba. Sau da yawa, da so sugar launi aka samu da bleaching na carbonic acid, ko sulfur dioxide.

Tsirar daga gwoza

A farko a cikin wannan yankin da aka dauke su Andreas Margraf, wanda aka buga aikinsa a 1747. Yana nuna yuwuwar extracting sugar daga gwoza tushen amfanin gona. Ya kuma bayyana yadda wannan tsari, wanda ya sauko da mu kwana. Ya almajiri Achard kokarin gina a shuka domin samar da sweets, amma ya m. Kawai a 1806 a kan umarnin da Napoleon, da samar da tsari da aka kaddamar. Ya yi imani cewa, wannan zai taimaka France zama more kai-tawakkali da kuma ba ya dogara ne a kan kasashen waje shigowa.

A farko shuka domin samar da wannan albarkatun kasa a Rasha da aka gina a 1806, amma sakamakon samfurin da aka dace kawai barasan cikin barasa. Kuma a cikin 1897 a fadin kasar yi aiki riga 236 masana'antu, wanda tare sanya up miliyan 45 ton na sukari a kowace shekara. A fasaha na yi na samfurin na gwoza ne kamar haka: ta wajen yadawa cirewa daga tushen syrup, shi ne ya wuce ta hanyar tace ga raba ɓangaren litattafan almara preheated ruwa zuwa 60 digiri, cikinsa da raba wuce haddi ruwa. Sa'an nan aka tsarkake ruwan 'ya'yan itace tare da lemun tsami da kuma carbonic acid. A sakamakon tattara an evaporated har lu'ulu'u tsedyat da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani centrifuge, wanda ya raba da ake so samfurin daga molasses. A kayan samu aka bushe da shirya tare da daban-daban yawa na sukari sucrose.

Abin da launi ne sugar gwoza iya zama for sale? A daidai amsar - fari, m kawai wani kadan tint na rawaya.

organoleptic Properties

Organoleptic - a Hanyar da ta sa shi zai yiwu domin sanin ingancin samfurin ta da hankula, wato gani, ji, dandano, kamshi da kuma tabawa. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin Rasha sugar kerarre a cikin nau'i na yashi. Masana, kafin kyale sayar da kerarre samfurin, kimanta da launi na sugar, ko yana da wani haske, abin da shi dandani kamar. Fi dacewa, ya kamata kunshi m size da kuma siffar da lu'ulu'u da cewa sun bayyana fuska da kuma haske. A wari da kuma dandano a matsayin bushe al'amarin da bayani ya zama mai dadi, ba tare da wani impurities. Narke a cikin ruwa, shi dole ya zama cikakken da launi na ruwa ba ya canja. Color of sugar - fari, haske rawaya inuwa mai yiwuwa ne. M dukiya - fluidity ba tare da samun lumps.

dunƙule sugar

Sugar-Boy kira kara mai ladabi sukari a cikin nau'i na fadiwa. An sanya daga baya aka bayyana granulated sugar. Da kaddarorin suna kama da kaddarorin ta "zumunta". Samar da samfurin via wani da'irar tsarkakewa da kuma recrystallization. Wannan ba ka damar yin shi fi mayar da hankali. Bayan shi aka aiko zuwa ga latsa, wanda ya samar da m sanduna, raba cikin guda. A launi da kuma tafiyar da sukari a cikin wannan hali ya zama fari da bluish tinge zai yiwu, ba tare da impurities, amma wasu wasu nagartacce, ba ya nan. Ku ɗanɗani da wari kamata kuma ya kasance free of impurities, kawai zaki.

Maple sugar

Bayan da sanannun iri, akwai da dama da suke da ma a kasuwa. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne sugar Maple. Its samar fara a cikin XVII karni a gabashin Canada. Raw Materials for shi ne ruwan 'ya'yan itace da sukari Maple. A watan Fabrairu da Maris na wannan bishiya suna fadi na sukar domin samar da ruwa, wadda ta fara daga ƙarƙashinsu daga rami. Yana hada har zuwa 3% na sukari. streaming tsari ya ci gaba da dama makonni, wanda ba ka damar gina wani fairly manyan adadin ruwan da ake bukata. Ya aka bi, wato danshin, game da shi samun "Maple syrup", da kuma riga daga ta cire karshe samfurin. Daya itace a shekara iya kawo 3 zuwa 6 fam na sukari.

A gida yawan ya dade wuce domin wannan abun zaki, kuma ya manta game da kasashen waje zabin. The fiye da haka, saboda shi ne sau da yawa zaƙi fiye da saba. Idan muka magana game da launi na sukari ya kamata, sa'an nan za mu iya cewa da tabbaci ba da launin ruwan kasa, Maple syrup saboda yana da irin wannan tabarau. Bugu da kari, wannan abun zaki da amfani sosai, domin shi ne mai arziki a cikin B bitamin

jaggery

A kudu da kuma kudu-maso-gabas Asia nuna wani irin sukari - dabino ko yagre. Don yin wannan, shige daban-daban na itatuwan dabino. Sun cobs flowering itatuwa yin cuts, daga abin da gudana cikin dadi ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Sau da yawa domin irin wannan samarwa da aka zaba kwakwa itace, amma kuma mai kyau girbi za a iya tattara daga Arengo ko itatuwan dabino. Per shekara tare da daya shuka tsantsa zuwa 250 kg na 'ya'yan itace, da sucrose taro wanda cinma 20%. Idan ma'aikata ne iya yadda ya kamata kula ga itace, za ka iya amfani da shi har shekaru da yawa.

Kamar yadda a sauran kimiyoyi, yana amfani da danshin, amma shi ne yake aikata a wani kwakwa harsashi cewa yana da samfurin a semicircular siffar. Amfani da shi zuwa mafi girma har ta kera da kansu, wato a ce yan unguwa. Idan sha'awar, abin da launi ne sugar cirewa a cikin wannan hanya, za mu iya amsa cewa ruwan kasa. Idan ka ƙara da shi zuwa shayi ko kofi, shi zai sa a sha ba kawai dadi, amma kuma ba shi da wani unrivaled dandano.

sorghum sugar

Tuni a zamanin d Sin, akwai wani yi don samar da wani abun zaki daga sorghum. A lokacin da American Civil War Ingila katange da wadata na kara sugar a jihohin arewacin} asar. Wannan ya haddasa yaduwar wani irin, wato dawa. Amma bayan wadannan abubuwan, da samar da ba a kafa, saboda cikin sharuddan albarkatun kasa ne mai shuka quite m. A wahala shi ne cewa sakamakon ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne mai arziki ba kawai sucrose amma kuma daban-daban ma'adinai salts, wanda hana samuwar m lu'ulu'u. Amma a yankuna inda fari yana mafi yawan shekaru, sorghum iya zama sosai cancantar canza ga sauran kafofin of sugar. Musamman saboda na musamman kayan aiki ko kayan aiki ba su da ake bukata domin ta namo. A shelves na store, wannan samfurin ne mai wuya a sami, amma ya kamata mu tuna cewa sugar kasance amber launi. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne aka sayar a cikin nau'i na syrup.

Saboda haka, sugar - wani abu da yake da tabbaci a rayuwar mu. Domin sanin da ingancin, masana kula da irin dalilai kamar dandano, siffar, wari da kuma launi na sukari. Photo ta siffofin daban-daban za a iya samu a shafukan game da abinci mai gina jiki mujallolin. Wannan zai taimake ka zabi mafi samfurin. Ya kamata ka kuma tuna cewa launi na gishiri da sukari ne sosai daban-daban: tsarki da fari gishiri, da kuma sukari iya samun inuwa rawaya ko zama ruwan kasa, dangane da nau'in.