Farashin index - ne kafuwar alheri kima. A tarihin ci gaban Concepts, iri, da kuma lissafi siffofin

farashin index - wani mai nauyi index cewa characterizes kasuwar darajar wani rukuni na kaya ko ayyuka a cikin wani musamman yankin na tsawon lokaci. kudin da rai factor characterizes jihar na kasa da tattalin arziki. Wannan ake kira general farashin index. Narrower a Zangon Manuniya taimaka kasuwanci yin yanke shawara game da zuba jari. Duk wadannan abubuwan da aka lasafta ta kasa ilimin kididdiga hukumomin mafi zamani jihohi, ciki har da Tarayya Jihar Statistics Service. Mabukaci Price Index - mafi shahara daga cikin su. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin tarihin wannan ra'ayi, iri Manuniya, su lissafi da kuma aikace-aikace fasali.

definition of Concepts

Price Index - mai ilimin kididdiga zumunta darajar. Ana amfani da kwatanta ƙarfafa muhimmancin kasuwar darajar kungiyoyin na dukiya da kuma ayyuka a cikin lokaci da kuma Gwargwadon sarari. Hanyar na kirga na nuna alama yana farawa tare da zabin da kuma zabin da wani wakilin samfurin na dabara. Akwai uku main fihirisa: da deflator na GDP, mabukaci da kuma masana'antu farashin.

Tarihi da ra'ayi

Daga cikin tattalin arziki babu yarjejeniya kamar yadda ya suka komo tare da na farko farashin index. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin kwararru da hannu a cikin wannan filin, mai yawa. Mutane da yawa koma zuwa binciken Raysa Vogana "Maganganu na tsabar kudi da kuma coinage." Aikinsa da aka buga a 1675. Marubucin son ka raba da inflationary tasirin da ambaliya na karafa masu daraja daga Amirka zuwa Spain daga kufan wulaƙanci. Vaughan idan aka kwatanta da aiki da dokoki na lokaci da kuma lokaci na Edward III, cikinsa da matakan hourly Hakkin an gyarawa. Wales Tattalin arziki yi imani da cewa ga su shi yiwuwa a saya kamar guda sa na dukiya. Vaughan binciken ya nuna cewa matakin na farashin a Birtaniya a kan gabata karni ya karu da 6-8 sau. Duk da haka, shi ne ba kai tsaye lasafta girma kudi.

Da farko farashin index an lasafta ta Turanci tattalin arziki William Fleetwood a 1707. Na kusata da Oxford dalibi wanda zai rasa ilimi saboda gaskiyar cewa ta shekara-shekara kudaden shiga ne fiye da fam biyar. Wannan arziki da aka sanya a cikin 15th karni. Sphere na bukatun Fleetwood hada da farashin canje-canje, don haka shi ya a zubar da wata babbar adadin ilimin kididdiga bayanai a kan batun. Ya tabbatar da cewa a baya 260 shekaru, da darajar da fam biyar ya canza muhimmanci. Fitar da sakamakon bincikensa, ya buga a asirce, amma da bincike taimaka Oxford dalibai.

Laspeyres

Abu mafi muhimmanci ga mafi yawan mutane ne Yunƙurin a mabukaci farashin, wanda characterizes kumbura. Wannan nuna alama dogara ne a kan wani tsayayyen kwandon kaya da kuma ayyuka. Shi ne mai irin index Laspeyres, kamar yadda amfani a kirga farashin tushe shekara. Bari Q ₀ - tushe matakin na release. Yana iya kuma zama dole adadin kaya a cikin mabukaci kwando. A P ₀ kuma P ₁ - farashin matakan a cikin tushe da kuma na yanzu lokaci. Sa'an nan da dabara na mabukaci farashin fihirisar (CPI) zai zama kamar haka: Σ (Q x P ₀ ¹⁾ Σ (Q P _{0 0 x).} Babban matsalar na yin amfani da wannan nuna alama shi ne cewa shi ba ya la'akari da canje-canje a cikin kudin tsarin. Ya nuna kawai da samun kudin shiga sakamako, kyalewa da yiwuwar canzawa. Saboda haka, da mabukaci farashin index sau da yawa samar da wani overvalued kudi na kumbura a lokacin da farashin girma da kuma undervalued - kamar yadda suke fada.

GDP deflator

Wani nuna alama, wanda characterizes jihar na tattalin arziki, shi ne wani Paasche index. Ya tushen kowane lokaci a kan wani sabon mabukaci kwandon ko saki matakin. Bari Q ₀ kuma Q ₁ - fitarwa a cikin tushe da kuma na yanzu lokaci, da kuma P ₀ kuma P ₁ - m zuwa data lokaci kangon farashin matakan. Sa'an nan deflator GDP dabara ne kamar haka: GDPdeflator = Σ (Q ₁ x P ₁₎ Σ (Q ₀ x P _0). Wannan nuna alama kuma za a iya lasafta ta rarraba maras} asashensu na real. Babban matsalar da wannan nuna alama shi ne cewa shi sau da yawa underestimates kumbura inda mabukaci farashin index ba ta overcharge halayyar, wato, tare da karuwa a farashin.

A talakawan darajar

Don magance shortcomings muhimmi a baya biyu Figures, aka buga da wani farashin index. Yana sanya Amirka tattalin arziki Irving Fisher. Ya samarwa yin lissafi da na lissafi da nufin darajar, cewa shi ne, da square tushen da samfurin na Laspeyres da Paasche.

Rosstat: Mai amfani da Price Index

A cewar Tarayya Jihar Statistics Service, da tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki an fara matakin kashe. A Janairu 2016, mabukaci farashin ya karu da 9.8% a cikin watan na 2015 da ci gaban da aka 12.9%. Kasa da adadi shi ne kawai a watan Nuwamba 2014. A kan talakawan, da CPI a Rasha amounted zuwa 137,42% na tsawon na 'yancin kai. The mafi ƙasƙanci da aka a watan Afrilu 2012 - 3.6%. Record hauhawar farashin index, Rosstat rubuta a watan Disamba na shekarar 1992 - 2333.3%. Lokacin da kirga wannan nuna alama Rosstat ya wadãtu da irin Categories: abinci da kuma wadanda ba giya (30%), sufuri (14%), da tufafi da takalma (11%), rents (11%) kuma wasanni (6%) .