Features na da tsarin da crustacean rayuwa. The darajar Shellfish a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum

Branch of ilmin halitta da abin ya shafa tare da nazarin halittu da cewa zauna a duniya, da ake kira ilmin dabbobi. Daya daga cikin sassan kai tsaye bayani a rukuni na kwayar dabbobi - crustacean. Kila, halaye na rayuwa, kazalika da darajar Shellfish a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum za a yi nazari a cikin wannan labarin.

systematics crustaceans

Daga cikin invertebrate kwayoyin inhabiting duniya tamu, da dabbobi tsaya, wanda ake hada a arthropod irin. Crustaceans ne daya daga cikin superclasses wannan taxon, wanda mambobin rayuwa, yafi a sabo ne ko teku ruwa. Kawai da wasu daga cikinsu, kamar woodlice da ƙasar crabs rayuwa a cikin rigar ƙasar yankunan. A Superclass crustaceans hada da: ƙananan sa cancers da hakan aji (decapod) cancers.

A nuna, kowane daga cikin wadannan halittun kunshi karami taxonomic kungiyoyin - kungiyoyin. Lower crustaceans su ne tushen zooplankton, sabõda haka sũ mãsu muhimmanci a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar dan Adam. Da gaske, a matsayin daya daga cikin na farko links a cikin abinci sarkar ikon, ƙananan cutar kansa abinci source for kifi da kuma na cikin ruwa dabbobi masu shayarwa. Godiya ga mambobin domin isopods, copepods da cladocerans, teku halittun samun cikakken furotin rage cin abinci a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙananan jiki cancers hada digestible polypeptides.

A wani aji na mafi girma crustaceans hada da daya naúrar - decapod, wanda aka wakilta dabbobi kamar crabs, lobsters, lobsters da jatan lande.

Avilable crustaceans

Dalili na rabo a cikin azuzuwan dabbobi suna sa sama duk da bambance-bambance a cikin waje tsarin da wadannan kwayoyin. A ƙananan cancers kamar Cyclops (copepods detachment), daphnia (Cladocera detachment), chickweed (Isopoda detachment), jiki qunshi wani maras m yawan segments (segments) a kan ciki da kuma ba a nan reshe. A karshe kashi, shi ne wani takamaiman ilimi - cokali mai yatsu. The jiki ne taushi da kuma bakin ciki chitin harsashi, ta hanyar da translucent ciki gabobin dabbobi.

A mafi girma da crustaceans, wadanda wakilansu da wuya chitinous harsashi impregnated da lemun tsami, kuma su ne ma m rabuwa na jiki a kan cephalothorax da ciki tare da m yawan segments a gare su. Saboda haka, crayfish golovogrudnom a sashe 5 da kuma 8 segments, bi da bi, da kuma ciki yana 6 segments. Har ila yau malacostraca, da bambanci ga ƙananan, sun yin iyo kafafu a ciki.

Metabolism da harshen damo

Kamar yadda aka ce a baya, rayuwa shi ne mafi yawa crustaceans a ruwa. Saboda haka, da suka yi abin da ake kira a fili bayyananne idioadaptation - karbuwa ga wani takamaiman yanayi: numfashin ko'ina cikin jiki surface ko gills streamlined jiki siffar, da harsashi ya kunshi chitin da impregnated da ruwa-m abu - alli carbonate.

Systems na crustaceans kamar Sistem, na numfashi da kuma na koda samar homeostasis - gyaran al'ada rayuwa matakin. Ya kamata a lura cewa duk da crustaceans ba rufaffiyar jijiyoyi, da zuciya da jakar kama wani pentagonal jiki da 3 nau'i-nau'i daga bawuloli. Daga shi zuwa cephalothorax da ciki tashi arteries da cewa kawo jini daukawa gina jiki da kuma oxygen zuwa duk gabobin da dabbobi, sakamakon a gauraye jiki kogo, da ake kira miksotselem. Domin shi yana riga venous jini shiga cikin gills, wanda aka warware daga carbon dioxide da oxygenated, juya cikin jijiya. Ta hanyar da ramuka a cikin pericardium, da ta ke kai tsaye zuwa cikin zuciya.

Szczytno - wani irin kungiyar da crustaceans

Wadannan dabbobi, wanda suke a rukuni na ruwa tare mazaunan iya rayuwa a ephemeral tafkunan. Lokacin da ruwa evaporates, ya schiten dug a cikin ƙasa, kuma wani lokaci ba ya rasa ta lamarinsa. A qwai dage farawa da mãtã a kasa da tafki za a iya adana har zuwa shekaru 15. Suna iya aiwatar da iska tare da kasar gona barbashi, don haka Szczytno rayuwa kusan ko'ina fãce Antarctica da Afirka Hamada.

Lifecycle crustaceans

A wakilan wannan superclass hadu biyu da sauki siffofin, kamar kai tsaye gaban crayfish, kuma mafi hadaddun, ciki har da larval, saukarwa. A wannan yanayin, ci gaban da aka kira kai tsaye ba. Shi ne na hali kungiyoyin na copepods da cladocerans, kuma ma yakan faru a cikin mafi girma da sankara, misali, lobster ko crayfish. Crustaceans, wakilan da suke pelagic ko planktonic larval form, da ake kira nauplii da zoea, yadu rarraba a cikin yanayi: shi ne mazaunan gāɓar teku ruwan Australia, North America da Turai. All bulan na rayuwa sake zagayowar na crustaceans sarrafawa da su endocrine tsarin gabatar Androgenic postkomissuralnymi da sinus gland. Da suke ɓoyewa hormones cewa tsara matakai na mafarki moult da canji na larvae cikin manya.

The darajar Shellfish a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum

Animals na ga detachment na decapods kamar lobsters (lobsters), crayfish, crabs, ne m kasuwanci jinsunan samar da mutum delicacy kuma high-gina jiki nama. Na bayar da muhimmanci ne wakilan da ƙananan crayfish: Cyclops, daphnia, ruwa da jakai, waxanda suke da abinci ga kifi, misali, na kamar kifi da kuma sturgeon.

Crayfish, wanda sau da yawa ake kira asibiti hidima, da tsabtace kasa na matattu kwayoyin sharan. Duk da yake darajar Shellfish a yanayi da mutum rayuwa a cikin saran m lokuta, amma wasu dabbobi ne cutarwa, kamar irin kifi kwarkwata sa m asarar kasuwanci nau'in kifi. A Cyclops ne tsaka-tsaki, rundunõninsa, daga parasitic tsutsotsi: Guinea tsutsa da tapeworm m.

Mun gani cewa wadannan dabbobi suna kunshe a cikin arthropod type, shi ne wani muhimmin mahada a cikin halitta kunsa na duniya tamu da kuma muhimmancin crustaceans a yanayi da mutum rayuwa kamata ba za a underestimated. Wasu jinsunan wadannan dabbobi (misali, kogin shirokopaly ciwon daji, mantis) an jera a matsayin miyagun, kuma su halaka shi ne hukuncin da doka.