Gas hakar. Hanyar gas. Gas samarwa a Rasha

Iskar gas da aka kafa ta hadawa da daban-daban gas a duniya ta ɓawon burodi. A mafi yawan lokuta, da zurfin jeri daga dama da ɗari mita zuwa kamar wata kilomita. Ya kamata a lura cewa gas za a iya kafa a high yanayin zafi da kuma matsa lambar ganin. A wannan yanayin, da damar da oxygen zuwa shafin ba samuwa. Don kwanan wata, gas samar aka gane a cikin hanyoyi da dama, kowane daga cikinsu za a tattauna a wannan labarin. Amma bari mu duka domin.

Overview

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa iskar gas da kimanin 98% hada da methane. Bugu da kari, abun da ke ciki na iya hada ethane, propane, butane, da sauransu. Akwai kuma kalmar "unconventional gas". Yana suturta da iskar gas, wanda aka yafi samar daga argillaceous kankara. Yana ta'allaka zurfi karkashin kasa a ci seams, sandstone da sauran geofence karkashin musamman high matsa lamba. A ranar, da rabo daga unconventional gas dan kadan kasa da rabin, da kuma ta 2030 an shirya kara wannan adadi zuwa 56%. A halin yanzu, kusan duk gas samarwa kasashen da jihar Kano. Amma kuma mafi yawansu, game da 40%, nasa ne da United States. Bayan duk, shi ne jihar sayar da wata babbar adadin gas a kowace shekara. Bari mu magana a more daki-daki, a kan batun da kuma magance mu tambayoyi.

Hakar na gas a duniya

Domin da yawa daruruwan shekaru, mutane sun nemi hanyoyin da za a inganta hakar albarkatun ma'adinai, wanda shi ne quite al'ada bisa manufa. Human bukatun suna girma a kowace rana, kuma akwai bukatar for sabon samar da fasahar. Don kwanan wata, irin ma'adanai kamar yadda iskar gas, da aka samar a duk faɗin duniya daga man fetur da kuma iskar gas filayen, kazalika da shi za a iya samu a narkar da man fetur ko kuma ruwa. Idan muka magana musamman game da Rasha, a kasar mu shi ne cirewa daga ciwon hanji na Duniya. Abin lura shi ne cewa gas a cikin tsarki tsari yana da ba launi, kuma bã wari. Don sauri ƙayyade gas yayyo, shi kara odorants, wanda da kaifi wari. Wannan dabarar rage mace-mace a cikin yawan a sakamakon gas yayyo. Hakika, da duniya ta gas samar da ya shafi yin amfani da aminci kayan aiki, saboda wani bude wuta iya haifar da wani babban yawan wadanda a da shafin.

hydrated gas jari

Ba haka ba da dadewa, ya yi niyya cewa gas iya binne shi a m jihar. Idan kafin masana kimiyya san na kawai ruwa da gaseous jihar, shi ne a halin yanzu da aka sani game da m adibas, wanda su ma na bayar da muhimmanci ga tattalin arziki. Tare da kowane wucewa rana, mafi kuma mafi magana game da wannan a kasa daga cikin teku akwai manyan yawa na greenhouse gas, da suke can a cikin nau'i na hydrates. Hydrates ba tukuna samu mai fadi da aikace-aikace, amma an riga an yi amfani da ruwa desalination, haka ma, shi ne ya shirya yin amfani da irin wannan tafki domin adanar gas. A gaskiya ma, gas samar da yankunan iya fadada da ɗan, kamar yadda inda akwai hydrates, akwai iya zama da sauran ma'adinai adibas. Yanzu bari mu je gaba da dubi wani abu dabam ban sha'awa.

Adibas na iskar gas

Akwai shaida da cewa ya nuna cewa akwai wata babbar iskar gas adibas a cikin sedimentary harsashi na Duniya ta ɓawon burodi. Akwai biogenic ka'idar, wanda ke cewa gas ne ainihin man fetur da aka kafa da bazuwar na dogon-rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar high yanayin zafi da kuma matsa lambar ganin. Bugu da kari, yawan zafin jiki kula ne yawanci dan kadan mafi girma, a cikin wannan hanya a matsayin matsa lamba fiye da a cikin filayen man fetur. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa gas da aka located kasa da man fetur. Don kwanan wata, da most adibas mallaki by Rasha. By kuma manyan, hannun jari na albarkatun ma'adinai na iya zama Mai isa ga shekaru masu yawa. Gas samarwa a Rasha aka kafa a kusan duk wuraren. A cewar ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa na Rasha Federation bisa ga duka girma da aka kiyasta a 48,8 trln.m ^3.

Halitta gas reserves da kasa

A halin yanzu, za mu iya ce cewa bisa ga hukuma bayanai,} asashe 101 da a yankin ƙasarsu reserves na ma'adanai. A karshe wuri ne Benin - 0, 0011 trln.m ^3, da kuma da fari Rasha - 47.800 trln.m ^3. Amma wannan adadi bai wa CIA, don haka a gaskiya da data iya bambanta dan kadan. Wani kasar da cewa yana inexhaustible reserves - Iran. Bugu da kari, kasashe na Persian Gulf, kamar Amurka da kuma Kanada, kuma iya fariya arziki iskar gas filayen. Idan jeri kasashen a Turai, sa'an nan a cikin wurare na farko ne Norway da kuma Netherlands. Shi ne kuma lura da cewa kasar, da zarar wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet, kamar Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, kuma, da yawa daga iskar gas. Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani dan kadan mafi girma a cikin biyu da rabi na karni na 20th aka gano gas hydrates. A yau mun san cewa su adibas ne babban. Kuma hannun jari da biyu zurfi, kuma a karkashin teku bene.

Hanyar gas

A halin yanzu, da adibas suna located a zurfin 1-3 kilomita. Daya daga cikin mafi zurfi rijiyoyin dake kusa da birnin Novy Urengoy, da ta ke a karkashin kasa domin 6 kilomita. A cikin zurfin shi ne a cikin pores a karkashin babban matsin. A hankali da ya shiga cikin pores da kasa matsa lamba da kuma haka har sai, har sai kun samu kai tsaye a cikin rijiyar.

Babban Hanyar samar - shi ne hakowa. Yawancin lokaci ajiya yankin da aka located 'yan rijiyoyin. Kuma suna kokarin rawar soja a ko'ina a tafki matsa lamba kamar daidai da rarraba a kan da dama rijiyoyin. Idan da daya ne kawai, to, shi ne wata ila ta wanda bai kai ambaliya. Don kwanan wata, kusan babu sauran hanyar gas. Sun fi mayar saboda da cewa shi ne bai dace ba to ƙirƙira wani sabon abu, musamman idan da fasahar ne mafi rikitarwa. Abu ne mai wuya a nan gaba wani abu zai maye gurbin da kyau.

Shiri na gas ga harkokin sufuri

Bayan halitta m samu da borehole, daga ƙasã, shi wajibi ne ya sadar da mai amfani. Wannan na iya zama guba shuka, ikon shuke-shuke da sauran gas cibiyar sadarwa. Ya shirye-shiryen ga harkokin sufuri saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin Baya ga zama dole aka gyara a can da kuma sauran impurities, wanda ya kange ta kara yin amfani da motsi a kan karauka. Wajibi ne a cire ruwa tururi cewa zai iya tara a cikin jijiyoyi da kuma impede motsi. Kana bukatar kuma ka cire da kuma hydrogen sulfide, wanda shi ne mai tsanani barazana ga iskar gas kayan aiki (lalatattu). Ga shiri na daban-daban na makirci a iya amfani. Mafi dace shi ne wanda ke da ruwa da magani shuka is located in nan da nan kusanci na ajiya. Sa'an nan da bushewa da kuma tsaftacewa. A cikin hali na babban abun ciki na hydrogen sulphide ko helium, burbushin da aka aiko zuwa gas aiki shuka. A ka'ida, da gas samarwa a Rasha ne yawanci aiwatar ta hanyar da shuke-shuke, kamar yadda ingancin da asali samfurin ne ba ko da yaushe har zuwa daidai.

gas sufuri

A halin yanzu, da farko wajen kai ne mai wuriyar. A bututu diamita iya isa 1.4 m, da kuma tsarin matsa lamba na 75 atmospheres. Duk da haka, a cikin shakka daga dannawa ta hanyar bututun matsa lamba da aka rasa, da kuma samfurin da aka kona. Domin wannan sauki dalili, a wani lokaci shirya kwampreso tashoshin. Akwai ne ta ƙara gas matsa lamba ga 55-120 ATM, da kuma sanyaya. Duk da cewa sa a kan iskar gas line ne tsada sosai a yau - shi ne hanya mafi datacewa ta samar da albarkatun kasa a cikin matsakaici da kuma gajeren nisa. A wasu lokutta, da gas dako, suna kuma sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin motocin dakon. Gas ne a musamman kwantena a liquefied jihar. lokacin shari zafin jiki ya zama a cikin kewayon 150-160 digiri Celsius. Wannan hanya yana da babba amfani, kamar tsaro liquefied gas.

ƙarshe

Wannan labarin a takaice da fasaha na gas samar aka yi nazari. A ka'ida, da kyau ne mafi m hanya. Sauran hanyoyin da, idan aiwatar, ba su samu aikace-aikace daban-daban domin dalilai. Amma ga gas fanni na aikace-aikace, da fari - shi ne man fetur. The man fetur amfani for gida dumama da kuma ruwa dumama, dafa abinci, da dai sauransu. Saboda high makamashi farashin - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi arha hanyoyi na dumama. Used gas da kuma matsayin makãmashin Motoci, ikon shuke-shuke da boilers. Chemical shuke-shuke amfani da shi domin yin robobi da sauran kwayoyin abubuwa. To shi ke nan a kan wannan topic. Ka tuna cewa m handling na gas na iya zama m.