Mining ayyukan - da key ga alheri na Rasha

Duk da cewa Rasha ne fabulously arziki a cikin ma'adanai, a karni da suka wuce game da su mu san sosai kadan. A jihar ne kusan ba a karatu, da kuma albarkatun kasa shigo daga kasashen waje. Ingila kwashe ci daga Morocco kawo phosphate takin, a Jamus sayi potash.

An fara daga 30s, tarayyar soviet suka fara wani babban-sikelin ma'aunan kasa bincike da hako ma'adinai a babban kundin. A karshen ta zama ba, Tarayyar Soviet shi ne shugaban duniya a gano stockpiles na albarkatun ma'adinai da su bambancin.

A halin da ake ciki a yau

Mafi yawa daga cikin albarkatun da Tarayyar Soviet, Rasha gaji, kuma a halin yanzu shi ne mafi m kasa a duniya ma'adinai abubuwa. Kwararru sun kiyasta bincika albarkatun a cikin ƙasa zuwa 27 tiriliyan daloli.

A ko'ina cikin karni na 20th, kuma mafi yawansu duk a cikin biyu da rabi, ya rika kara hakar ma'adinai a Rasha. Alal misali, daga shekarar 1960 zuwa shekarar 1990, man fetur ya fara samar da fiye da 4.3 sau, da kuma iskar gas - 26.7 sau. A daidai wannan lokaci, shi ya karu da Karafa samar da kusan 2.7 sau, kwal - 1.3 sau. A karshen karni na karshe, a lokacin da akwai wani koma bayan tattalin arziki da kuma girma na samar a kasar ya rage, Rasha har yanzu riqe jagorancin matsayi a duniya a sharuddan da gas samar, da kwal, man fetur, da Karafa.

Yau, Rasha da aka dauke su mafi muhimmanci ma'adinai da iko a duniya. Mining, duk da yawa matsaloli zauna fairly m masana'antu.

Babban matsalar ta shafi ci gaba da hakar ma'adinai masana'antu, shi ne raunana kai kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma rashin fasahar zamani na aiki na m raw kayan, wadda take kaiwa zuwa predominance na raw yanayi a fitar da kaya.

M rarraba albarkatun kasa

Adibas na albarkatun ma'adinai a kan ƙasa na Rasha ana raba sosai unevenly. The most yawan su suna located in Siberia, wanda aka gaskiya kira da ma'ajiyar kayan abinci na kasar. A nan ne fi mai da hankali kan manyan karafa.

Kusan a na uku na dukkan ma'adinai arziki na kasar da aka located in Western Siberia, da kwata - a Gabas. Daga 8 zuwa 12% na reserves ne a cikin Volga, Urals, Arewa da kuma Far Eastern tattalin arziki yankuna. Sauran Rasha albarkatun ma'adinai ba arziki.

Wanda aka yarda cire ma'adanai?

Domin cika da kasa moriyar hakar ma'adinai a Rasha ne da za'ayi a cikin tsarin na yanzu dokokin da a yarda da dukan da bukatun da suka shafi yin amfani da kasar ta ciki. Bayar da hakkin ya yi amfani albarkatun ma'adinai bayar musamman yarda.

Karkashin dokar tarayya, wani lasisi na hakar ma'adanai iya ba kawai a filin wasa, wanda ya shũɗe a jihar jarrabawa. Yana entitles ka bincika da kuma aiwatar da filin ci gaba, sauran kayyade iri aiki. bayar da lasisi da gwamnatin tarayya Agency for Subsoil Amfani.