Gene maye gurbi. mahara allelism

Mahara allelism kayyade phenotypic heterogeneity na mutum alƙarya. Ta, bi da bi, shi ne daya daga cikin sansanonin sojin na gene pool bambancin. Mahara allelism sa ta gene maye gurbi, wanda canza jerin nitrogenous sansanonin a cikin jigidar halittar DNA a yankin da ya dace da wani takamaiman gene. Wadannan maye gurbi iya zama cutarwa, da amfani ko tsaka tsaki. Cutarwa canji tsokane hereditary cuta, wanda ake dangantawa da mahara allelism. Ga misali, da aka sani maye gurbi wanda ya musanya masa a tsarin daya daga cikin haemoglobin sarkar sunadari ta hanyar mayar da glutamic acid code a code valine (amino acid) a cikin gene a karshen rabo. A sakamakon wannan sauyin da aka bunkasa wannan kayyade abnormality ne sickle cell anemia. Superdominance saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin heterozygous jihar, wani karfi magana da rinjaye Kwayoyin fiye da a homozygous. Wannan sabon abu ne ya mayar da martani tare da heterosis sakamako da kuma shi ne a cikin sadarwar da irin wannan fasali kamar jimlar lokacin kiranka na rayuwa, fahimcin muhimmancin da sauransu. A cikin mutane, kamar yadda a wasu eukaryotes, mahara allelism gano a cikin siffofin daban-daban. Akwai kuma manyan yawan Mendelian dabiu cewa an ƙaddara da daban-daban interactions. Alleles - biyu daban-daban siffofin, daya muhimmi ga wannan gene, wanda aka located in homologue chromosomes a wannan yankunan.

Lokacin da kiyasin da gādo tare da Mendelian dokokin, wanda zai iya kirga yiwuwar samun yara tare da daya ko wasu fasalin tallan kayan kawa. Don bincika da halaye na mulki daga tsara zuwa tsara, kamar yadda mafi m m methodological abubuwa asali hanya, wanda dogara ne a kan gina pedigrees.

Zan iya cewa, a phenotypic magana da wani guda gene da kuma shafi sauran kwayoyin halittu. Kamar yadda misalai na hadaddun gene interactions iya yin dokoki a gado tsarin RH factor: RH korau kuma RH positive. A cikin shakka daga cikin binciken a 1939, da shekara na jini magani daga mãsu haƙuri, suka haife matattu yaro, da kuma wanda ya a cikin tarihi na jini miji jituwa Abo kungiyar antibodies da aka gano. Suka kira RH antibodies, da kuma jini kungiyar na haƙuri - RH-korau. RH-tabbatacce jini kungiyar da aka ƙaddara da kasancewar a farfajiya na erythrocyte takamaiman kungiyar na antigens cewa an sauya ta tsarin kwayoyin halittu ne da za'ayi. Su, bi da bi, kawo bayani game da membrane polypeptides.

Taimakawa wajen wani gagarumin raguwa a fahimcin muhimmancin da kuma haifar da mutuwar jiki na mutuwa genes. Su suna harhada cikin kungiyoyin biyu. Na farko shi ne recessive genes. Su tsokane da mutuwar jiki ne kawai a cikin homozygous jihar. A karo na biyu kungiyar ne da rinjaye kwayoyin halittu. Da tasiri mai yiwuwa ne, kuma a cikin heterozygous jihar.

Bayyanuwar mutuwa genes za a iya lura a matakai daban-daban na mutum ci gaba. Yana da farko, saukarwa (fetal mutuwa), da kuma sosai marigayi, saukarwa (fetal mutuwa, ya sa mai ashara, haihuwar nonviable dodanni). Bayan mutuwar, da aka sani da rabin mutuwa genes. Ba su sa sauri mutuwa da kwayoyin ba, amma muhimmanci rage ta fahimcin muhimmancin.

Rinjaye na mutuwa genes ne ba a da yawa karami yawa idan aka kwatanta da recessive. Domin da rinjaye category ne Merle factor. Dako rinjaye kwayoyin halittu , idan so, za a iya cire daga kiwo, tun suna da halayyar phenotype. Sashe na daga cikin na mutuwa gene tsokani tsanani anomaly, da sauran part - cuta na physiological tafiyar matakai.