Georgy Tovstonogov (1915-1989), wasan kwaikwayo darektan: biography, kerawa

Cafe Aleksandrovich Tovstonogov - Soviet wasan kwaikwayo darektan, jama'ar kasar Artist da Tarayyar Soviet, Dagestan da kuma Georgia, kazalika da lashe yawa awards, ciki har da Lenin da Stalin.

iyali

George Tovstonogov aka haife shi a 1915 a Georgia, a Tbilisi. Wannan birni zai zama ainihin farko impetus ga nan gaba darektan. Mahaifinsa ya kõme ba yi da gidan wasan kwaikwayo ko addashin game, amma da aikin da aka garabasa a lokacin da aka gudanar da wani fairly high matsayi. Alexander Tovstonogov yi aiki a matsayin jirgin injiniya da wani daraja ma'aikaci na Jojiyanci ma'aikatar layukan dogo.

Amma uwar, sabanin mahaifinsa, ya mai m mutum cikin rayuwarsa. Tamara Papitashvili wani real singer, wanda a hukumance tabbatar ta diploma daga St. Petersburg kide. A George yake ƙarami 'yar'uwarsa Natela cewa kamar yadda yaro, kuma a yi adult rayuwa a matsayin matar actor Yevgeny Lebedev, sosai auna kuma suna aukaka ɗan'uwansa, ko da yaushe ya kula da shi a farko, sa'an nan a matsayin inna na' ya'yansa maza.

ƙungiyar

Kamar yadda ya fara tasawa, George Tovstonogov, wanda sirri rai ba sosai m, ya so ya haifar da wannan iyali, da kuma abin da ya kasance shi da kansa, amma wannan ya zama dole a sami wani ya cancanci abõkinsa. Kuma mutum, an yanke shawarar daga farkon cewa matarsa, kamar kansa, ko da yaushe ya zama m. A sakamakon haka, matarsa ta farko da aka dalibi nasa gidan wasan kwaikwayo Salom Kancheli. The aure ya faru a 1943, amma iyali farin ciki dade ba, a shekarar 1945 da ma'aurata yi na kisan aure. Amma duk da haka wani kawance da Kancheli ya taka babbar rawa a cikin rayuwa da darektan: auren ba shi da 'ya'ya maza guda biyu - Nicholas kuma Alexandra.

A shekarar 1958 Tovstonogov cafe Aleksandrovich yanke shawarar aure a sake. Har yanzu, ya zabi ya fadi a kan actress. Tare da Innoy Kondratevoy mutumin rayu 4 shekaru da kuma sake kasa ci gaba da iyali - da aure aka narkar a 1962.

Kamar yadda da wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo hali, biography BDT cike da haske lokacin da labarun ransa, duka biyu sirri da kuma m. Kuma zai zama m idan biography daga cikin manyan darektan ya ƙare ba tare da wani ci gaba na 'ya'yansa da jikokinsa.

A cikin sahun mahaifinsa da kakan tafi Aleksandr Georgievich Tovstonogov da ɗansa Tovstonogov cafe Aleksandrovich Jr .. Dukansu sun nasaba da rayukansu tare da scene, kuma ya kasance sananne wasan kwaikwayo darektan.

Ƙananan yara da kuma matasa darektan

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, George Tovstonogov aka haife shi a Tiflis. A baya can, su guda shekaru ya ke zuwa makaranta, kuma a shekaru 15 ya ƙare. Ko sa'an nan, sosai saurayi na gaba darektan ba dama kõma zuwa ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ya kawu aka aiki. Amma da iyali, musamman da Uba, da Ɗa Firaministan quite wani hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Ba so da jayayya da wani da ka san, Tovstonogov zo a Tbilisi Railway Institute, inda ya farin ciki fakin uba - da shugaban daya daga cikin ikon tunani.

Amma ta yaya za ka yi wani abu da daukan tafi da dukan ƙarfinsa, kuma ya zo da wata yardar? Ba a bara, Tovstonogov barin Institute, kuma a shekarar 1931 shirya wani actor kuma mataimakin darektan a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Matasan Mutane Tbilisi. Head a fuskar NY Marshak ce nan da nan m ikon da matasa actor, amma saboda a shekara ta 1933 da aka neme Georgiyu Tovstonogovu halshen ya sosai farko show da ake kira "The shawara" (bisa ga samfurin na Antona Pavlovicha Chehova).

Karatu a GITIS

Bayan nasarar da ya yi a darektan fitilu da kuma bege na kara sa'a. A shekara ta 1933 ya shiga GITIS, amma shekaru domin shigarwa zuwa institute aka iyakance, shi ya sa nan gaba babban actor ƙirƙirãwa nasu takardun, riqon kanta 2 shekaru. Ya koyar ne, a cikin shahararrun GITIS yayin da gudanarwa da kuma malamai na wasan kwaikwayo PM Lobanov kuma AD Popov. Makarantar da su mafarkai, Tovstonogov ganye da farko gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda sanya shi a kan ƙafafunsa - Theater ga matasa, godiya ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma sake sake nuna sabon kwaikwaiyo.

A 1937, wani abu ya faru da zai iya yi mafarkin Tovstonogov kawai a cikin mafi m mafarki mai ban tsoro - saboda danniya mahaifinsa George Tovstonogov aka ayyana dan maƙiyi daga cikin mutane, don haka tare da 4-shekara GITISa Man fitar. Bayan wani yawan m yunkurin komawa wani real mu'ujiza ya faru a cikin simintin gyaran tsarin. Kuma suka zama bazata yi watsi da maganar Joseph Stalin, shugaban na mutane na wancan zamanin, "Ga Ɗan da uba ba ta amsawa". A sakamakon haka, da darektan an rage, kuma ya brilliantly ƙarasa GITIS.

Fara directing ayyuka

A 1938-1946 gg. Tovstonogov yi aiki a Tbilisi Drama wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan AS Griboyedov. A waɗannan shekaru iri guda, da ya ce jama'ar kasar Artist da Tarayyar Soviet A. Khorava da damar Georgy Alexandrovich dauka a kan koyarwar daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo' kungiyoyin. Daga wannan lokacin, a cikin BDT fara gane sana'a darektan.

Moscow sinimomi

A shekarar 1946, da darektan bar ƙasarsa ta Jojiya da kuma ya yi aiki ga nasara da scene Rasha sinimomi. Tovstonogov ya sauka a birnin Moscow, inda ya rika gubar da dama sinimomi. Kishin da ci gaba da inganta da hanyoyin da aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da shirye-shirye sun kai ga cewa daga shekarar 1946 zuwa 1949 Tovstonogov cafe Aleksandrovich, wanda sirri rayuwa yanzu aiwatuwa da daban-daban scenes daidai da kulawan biyu sinimomi - tsakiya Yara da kuma kewayawa yankuna idon basira.

Birnin Leningrad, sinimomi

Tun shekara ta 1949, da darektan settles a cikin al'adu da babban birnin kasar na Rasha - Leningrad, yanzu St. Petersburg. Wannan shekara, ya zama daya daga cikin gudanarwa a 1950 - shugaba darektan na Leningrad wasan kwaikwayo na Lenin Komsomol. A wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo Tovstonogov karshe samun gida: aiki a kan kwaikwaiyo da kuma wasanni, na taimaka wa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a reincarnation, inganta da basirarsu - duk wannan ya Georgy Alexandrovich babban yardarSa.

Domin su aiki mafi kyau da Tovstonogov sãka musu da Stalin da Lenin Kyautukan, yanzu kowane daga cikin wasan kwaikwayon a bukatar ba kawai a cikin wani gari, amma kuma a ko'ina cikin kasar.

A farkon shekara ta 1956 George Tovstonogov - darektan da babban birnin kasar wasika - An gayyace su ɓatar da Big Drama wasan kwaikwayo (BDT da dai sauransu) Gorky. Daga shekarar 1949 zuwa shekarar 1956 a gidan wasan kwaikwayon canza akalla hudu gudanarwa. Yana nufi da abu daya: da wasan kwaikwayo daina aiki ba tare da wani mai shiryarwa mutum.

Big Drama wasan kwaikwayo (BDT) a gare su. BDT

Domin 6 shekaru na aikin kamar darektan na Leningrad wasan kwaikwayo na Lenin Komsomol George Tovstonogov, na sirri rai wanda yanzu ya m rehearsals, lashe fitarwa na ba kawai da jama'a, amma kuma wadanda wasu sinimomi a Rasha, sabõda haka, ya daukaka a cikin daya daga cikin shahararrun sinimomi a kasar kawai ya ƙarfafa game da mutane zuwa gare shi.

Ba yarda nan da nan, da darektan har yanzu gangarawa Theater Fabrairu 13, 1956. Ya bayyana cewa, domin ya dawo matsayi na BDT aka bukatar m wajen, da kuma Tovstonogov amfani da su. A nasa umarni, shi ya ɗibiya kashe fiye da rabin addashin nagartattu kuma gayyaci da dama da sabon yan wasan kwaikwayo. Rayuwa na wasan kwaikwayo da aka a cike lilo sake, kamar yadda a cikin tsohon kwana.

A farko Theatrical kakar hudu sabon wasanni da aka tsĩrar, kowanne daga abin da aka warmly samu da jama'a. A hankali, da darektan gudanar ya sake allurar cikin simintin gyara, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ta masu sauraro da yanki da shauki, wanda ya muhimmi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ko da yaushe. Amma wannan bai dakatar da darektan.

Kamar yadda daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Tovstonogov ya bauta kusan 33 na shekara - da kuma a kowace shekara fiye da kuma mafi ya ɗaukaka matsayi a cikin idanu yanzu ba kawai Rasha amma dukan duniya. A sakamakon haka, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya zama iyalinsa, usurped sunansa: BDT su. BDT.

wani cancanci gade

Ci gaba da darektan ta al'amarinsu irin BDT dauki kawai biyu: dan da darektan da jikansa. Kuma, ba shakka, wani kallo je sama tare da ra'ayin kwatanta su da rubutun hannu. Idan yaro ya zaba dan kadan jũna style, jikan, cikakken takwara George Alexandrovich, ba tare da sanin shi, alama unusually directed productions. Abin baƙin ciki, da m na directing da babban jikan na BDT aka ba bayyana. A shekarar 2012, kamar yadda wani saurayi, George Tovstonogov Jr. mutu.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Kafin rasuwarsa, George Tovstonogov gangarawa cikin wasan kwaikwayo, ya rayu kuma ya hura wasanni da kuma productions.

May 23, 1989 a cikin BDT ya da za a gudanar farko na sabon play. Cif darektan nada kwanan wata, da kuma zaune a cikin mota, koro gida ... Duk da haka, bai samu zuwa da iyali. A wani titi mota ta tsaya. George Tovstonogov, wani mutum wanda ya kashe dukan ransa a kan mataki da kuma bayan fage a cikin tashin hankali da sauran mutumin wanda m m mafi unencumbered ja daga rãmi na gushewa yanzu babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ya mutu nan take. Shi ne kawai dogon tunawa da shi a matsayin mai ban mamaki mutum na zaune a yanzu da kuma za su rayu har abada.