Great Galileo: da manufa na dangantakar da kuma inji hira

A babban Italian masanin kimiyya da kuma masanin kimiyya Galileo Galilei ya zaunanniya tarihi tasiri a kan ci gaban ba kawai na musamman kimiyyar: kimiyyar lissafi, makanikai, ilmin taurari, amma kuma ɓullo da wasu muhimman hakkokin ka'idodin domin cin gaban kimiyya a general, da manufa na dangantakar Galileo, Galileo ta canji ya na da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan samuwar da ba-rana hoto na duniya.

Binciken kimiyya muradi Galileo dangantakar manufa aka tambayi amincewa dabarbari nuna da hanzari na motsi na jikinsu. An sani cewa in babu hanzari a cikin motsi tsarin dangi zuwa wasu sauran reference tsarin, hanzari na jiki tare da girmamawa ga biyu daga cikin wadannan tsarin zai kasance m.

Kamar yadda a baya, bisa ga Newton ta shari'a, shi ya bayyana cewa shi ne babban hanzari siga ta kwatanta kinematics na jiki (2 Newton ta dokar), da kuma dakarun iya zama mai dogaro ne kawai a kan matsayi da girman jiki velocities. Galileo tambaye wannan dogara a kan ƙasa da cewa a cikin wannan harka, duk da lissafai na makanikai zai dauki wannan tsari a kowane daga cikin tunani da tsarin. Wata sanarwa cewa yana sanya Galileo, da manufa na Alaka ya furta cewa, da dokokin makanikai ba zai iya dogara a kan inda a cikin tsarin da suka yi karatu mu. Wannan manufa na iya zama mafi sauki su yi tunanin a mataki haka.

Alal misali, idan ka gudanar da wani gwajen lokaci guda a cikin biyu da dakuna inda daya ne motsi zumunta ga juna, da sakamakon da mu gwajin zai zama guda duka biyu da dakuna.

A bukatun tsara ta Galileo, da manufa na Dangantakar, an gane a matsayin hakan ba. Tare da dokoki na Newton, Galileo, wadannan da wasu binciken, kazalika ya yi hira, yana da gagarumin tasiri a kan ci gaban makanikai a matsayin kimiyya.

Bagalile canji a cikin filin na makanikai da kuma kusan canza yawa cewa rinjaye a baya ideas game da inji tafiyar matakai. A musamman, da dokokin tsara rikirkida da faruwa a cikin mulki daga firam zuwa wani, bukatar daidai lokaci, sabili da haka kara da manufar "cikakkar lokaci". A wannan yanayin, abin da ake da'awar Galileo, da manufa na Dangantakar, shi abubuwa kamar yadda na musamman hali na Lorentz ra'ayi da kuma shi ne zartar kawai ga kananan gudu (zumunta gudu daga haske, ba shakka).

Ya kamata a ce cewa kafin Galileo ta kimiyyar lissafi ne kusan duk fāɗin duniya karatu Aristotle ayyukan, wanda aka amince a cikin tarin zahirin ganewa na halitta da kuma mutum. A takamaiman hali na kimiyyar lissafi, Aristotle, misali, ikirarin cewa kudi na faduwar wani jiki ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga da nauyi da kuma cewa duk wani yunkuri na faruwa ne kawai idan dai shi ne fallasa zuwa "mai kara kuzari". Galileo ƙaryata game da wadannan binciken da kuma tsara daidai matakai wanda tunãni gaskiya abin da ya faru da kuma gudun dangane da jiki nauyi a lokacin da motsi.

Alaƙa inji Bagalile dangantakar manufa aka farko samarwa a cikin littafinsa "Tattaunawa Game da biyu Cif Duniya Systems." A mafi sauki sharuddan shi ne: don abubuwa da cewa matsawa gaba ɗaya, wannan yunkuri ba zai tasiri ba kawai wadanda abubuwa da ba su shiga a cikin wannan motsi. Wannan sanarwa a yarda da shi gaba daya shanyewa wasu postulates astronomical heliocentrism, wanda ya bayyana cewa, da cewa Duniya ta juyawa rinjayar cikin shakka daga events cewa faru a kan ta.

Gaskiyar cewa Galileo jãyayya, da manufa na Dangantakar, ta mechanistic canji na falsafa hasashe zama tushen gano da yawa dokokin kimiyyar lissafi bayan mutuwar babban masanin kimiyya. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, da dokokin kiyayewa da makamashi, da dokoki na Pendulum lilo da kuma mita kasafi, ya annabta, kuma ko da buga wani muhimman hakkokin jiki ra'ayi, kamar yadda wani lokacin da karfi.