Haikalin Urushalima. Urushalima, Ikilisiyar Holly Sepulcher: Tarihi da hotuna

Urushalima - a birnin ya saba. A Isra'ila, masu m tashin hankali tsakanin Musulmai da Yahudawa, a lokaci guda a cikin wannan wuri mai tsarki da salama rayuwa Yahudawa da Larabawa da Armenia da sauransu.

Urushalima majami'u kawo ƙwaƙwalwar na shekaru dubbai. Ganuwar tuna dokokin Kira Velikogo, da Dariyus, da na, tawaye na Maccabees da mulki Sulemanu, Yesu korar 'yan kasuwa daga Haikalin.

Karanta a kuma za ka koyi abubuwa da yawa daga cikin tarihin na Ibada da suke a tsattsarkan birni na duniya.

Urushalima

Urushalima majami'u yaba da tunanin mahajjata su na shekaru dubbai. Wannan birni yana da gaske dauke da mafi tsarki a duniya, tun a nan m? Minai daga cikin addinan nan uku.

Ibada na Urushalima, da hotuna na wanda aka jera a kasa koma zuwa Yahudanci, Musulunci da Kristanci. Yau, yawon bude ido da ayan da kasashen yammacin Wall, da Al-Aqsa Masallaci da Dome na Rock da kuma Church na ɗauka na Our Lady da kuma haikalin.

A Kirista duniya, shi ne kuma sananne ga Urushalima. Holy Sepulchre (photo da aka nuna a karshen cikin labarin) an dauke su ba kawai wani wurin gicciye da tashin Almasihu. Wannan shrine ne ma a kaikaice zama daya daga cikin dalilai na farkon na wani zamanin da Jihadi.

Tsoho da Sabon Town

Akwai ne New Urushalima a yau da kuma Old. Idan muka magana game da farko, shi ne mai zamani birni da fadi da tituna da kuma high gine-gine. Yana yana da wani jirgin, da latest kantuna da yawa fun.

Gina sabon bariki da kuma shiri na Yahudawa ya fara ne kawai a cikin karni na sha tara. Kafin cewa, mutane rayu a cikin zamani Old Town. Amma da rashin sarari for yi, karancin ruwa da sauran rashin jin daɗi tasiri a kan fadada daga cikin mazauna iyakoki. Abin lura shi ne cewa na farko da mazauna sabon gidaje biya kudi don haka suka koma daga birnin bango. Amma har yanzu suna quite lokaci mai tsawo baya a cikin tsohon bariki ga dare, domin sun yi ĩmãni da cewa bango zai kare su daga maƙiyansu.

A sabon birni ne sananne a yau ba kawai bidi'a. Akwai da yawa gidajen tarihi, Monuments da sauran jan hankali da cewa ya kasance a cikin goma sha tara da kuma ashirin ƙarni.

Duk da haka, daga cikin ra'ayi na tarihi, shi ne mafi muhimmanci shi ne Tsohon Town. Akwai wajajen bauta masu dadadden kuma Monuments cewa ya kasance a cikin uku addinai na duniya.

Tsohon Town - shi ne wani ɓangare na zamani da Urushalima, da zarar located bayan bango na kagara. A yankin da aka raba hudu bariki - Yahudawa, Armenian, Kirista da kuma Musulmi. A nan ne a kowace shekara janyo hankalin miliyoyin mahajjata da kuma yawon bude ido.

Duniya ta wuraren bauta suna dauke da wasu daga cikin Urushalima Haikalin Ubangiji. Ga Kiristoci, shi ne a haikalin Ruhu Mai Sepulchre, don Musulmi - Al-Aqsa Masallaci ga Yahudawa - sauran daga cikin Haikali a cikin nau'i na Yammacin Wall (marin fuska Wall).

Bari mu magana game da mafi m kuma wuraren bauta a Urushalima, waɗanda aka girmama a duk faɗin duniya. A gefe su jũya a salla da yawa, miliyoyin mutane. Abin da yake haka shahara wadannan haikalin?

A farko Haikali

Ba wanda Bayahude iya taba a kira Haikalina, "Haikalin Ubangiji." Wannan ya saba wa addini dokoki. "Name of GD ba za a iya furta," don haka a Wuri Mai Tsarki da aka kira "Mai Tsarki House", "Palace Ubangiji" ko "House of Allah ne."

Saboda haka, na farko da dutse coci da aka gina a cikin Isra'ila bayan da daidaituwa da Dawuda da ɗansa Sulemanu kabilu masu yawa. Kafin wannan wuri mai tsarki shi ne a cikin nau'i na mai ɗaukuwa alfarwa tare da akwatin alkawari. Kananan wuraren ibada ne da aka ambata a dama birane kamar Baitalami, da Shekem, Givat Shawul, da sauransu.

yi ya zama wata alama ce da daidaituwa na Israeli mutane da haikalin Sulemanu a Urushalima. Sarki ya zaɓi wannan gari daya dalili - shi ne irin a kan iyakar ƙasashen Yahuza da Biliyaminu. Urushalima kuma ta kasance babban birnin kasar na al'umma da Yebusiyawa.

Saboda haka, a kalla a kan wani ɓangare na Yahudawa da Israila, ya kamata ba, an hõre looting.

David sayi Dutsen Moriya (yau da aka sani da Haikalin) a Aravny. Ga bagade ga Allah da aka dage farawa a wuri daga masussuka domin dakatar da cutar da cewa ya kamu mutane. An yi imani da cewa a wannan lokaci, Ibrahim da aka faruwa yi hadaya da ɗansa. Amma annabi Naftan bukaci David kada su shiga a cikin shiri na cikin Haikalin, da kuma amince da wannan alhakin dansa girma.

Saboda haka, farko Haikalin da aka gina a zamanin Sulemanu. Ya wanzu kafin halakar da Nebukadnezzar a 586 BC.

biyu haikali

Kusan rabin karni daga baya sabon Persian m Kir Veliky damar Yahudawa komawa zuwa Palestine kuma sāke gina Haikalin da Sulemanu sarki a Urushalima.

The umarnin Sairus, a yarda mutane ba kawai ya dawo daga zaman talala, amma kuma ya ba da ganima haikali kayayyakinsa, da kuma umurce su da su ware kudi ga aikin gine-gine. Amma da isowa daga kabilan zuwa Urushalima, bayan gina bagaden, za a fara wani jayayya tsakanin Isra'ila da Samariyawa. A karshen bai ba da damar gina haikalin.

A karshe, rigingimu da aka warware kawai ta maye gurbin Sairus Great Dariyus Hystaspes. Ya tabbatar a rubuta dukan dokoki da kaina da umarnin don kammala gina Wuri Mai Tsarki. Saboda haka, daidai shekara saba'in bayan halakar Urushalima ta babban dakin bauta da aka mayar da.

Idan na farko Haikali da aka sani da Sulemanu, cewa aka kira novovozvedenny zorovavelevym. Amma a kan lokaci shi rududdugaggu, da kuma sarki Hirudus ya yanke shawarar gyara da Dutsen Moriya, to shige zuwa cikin gine-gine da gungu na more marmari birni tubalan.

Saboda haka, kasancewar da na biyu Haikali ne zuwa kashi biyu, saukarwa - Zarubabel, da Hirudus. Bayan tsira da haddin shari'a na Maccabees da Roman ci, da Wuri Mai Tsarki ya samu wasu irin shabby. A 19 BC, Hirudus ya yanke shawarar barin wani memory a tarihi a kan daidai da Sulemanu, da kuma reconstructs cikin hadaddun.

Musamman ga wannan wata dubu firistoci horar da a yi na watanni da dama, a matsayin ciki na coci iya kawai samun su. The sosai gini na Wuri Mai Tsarki da aka wasu Greco-Roman halaye, amma musamman a kan ta canji ba sarki nace. Amma Hirudus da waje yi ne gaba daya sanya a cikin mafi kyau hadisai na Helenawa da Romawa.

Kamar shekaru shida bayan gina sabon hadaddun aka halaka. Anti-Roman tawaye fara hankali sa a farko Yahudawa-Roman War. Titus halakar da Wuri Mai Tsarki kamar yadda babban ruhaniya cibiyar na Isra'ila.

uku Haikali

An yi imani da cewa na uku Haikali a Urushalima alama Almasihu. Akwai da dama iri na ziyartar wannan daki. Duk da bambancin da su ne bisa Littafin Annabi Ezekiel, wanda kuma shi ne kashi na Tanakh.

Saboda haka, wasu yi imani da cewa uku Haikali hanyar mu'ujiza bayyana dare. Wasu da yin umurni da cewa wajibi ne a kafa, yadda sarki ya nuna wurin, gina na farko Haikali.

Abinda bãbu shakka a duk in kira domin gina wannan yanki, inda aka gina. Abin mamaki, Yahudawa da Kiristoci ganin shi a wuri a kan tushe na dutse, wanda aka located Kubat Al-Sakhra a yau.

bautar musulmai

Magana game da Haikali a Urushalima, ba za ka iya accentuate na musamman kan Yahudanci ko Kristanci. Akwai kuma na uku mafi girma da kuma mafi tsoho a asalin shrine Musulunci. Wannan shi ne Al-Aqsa Masallaci ( "m"), wanda sau da yawa rude da na biyu Musulmi tunawa da gine - Kubat Al-Sakhra ( "Dome na Rock"). Cewa karshen yana da babban zinariya Dome cewa ne a bayyane ga mutane da yawa kilomita.

Al-Aqsa ne located a kan Dutsen Haikali. Yana da aka gina a cikin 705 AD a kan umarni na Halifa Umar al-Faruq. Masallaci sau da yawa gina, gyara, da fallasa su halaka a lokacin da girgizar kasa aiki a matsayin hedkwatar Knights Templar. Yau, wannan daki zai iya saukar da dubu biyar masu aminci.

Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa al-Aqsa Masallaci Dome Sinoval-m launi da kuma shi ne da yawa karami fiye da na Al-Sakhra.

"Dome na Rock" sha'awan ta gine. Ba abin mamaki da yawa yawon bude ido ya lura haske mataki cuta saboda ziyarci Urushalima. Wannan birni ne kawai ban mamaki kyakkyawa, tsufa da kuma tarihi na taro.

Al-Sakhra aka gina a cikin marigayi ƙarni na bakwai ta biyu gine-ginen a kan umarni na Halifa Abd al-Malik al-Marwan. A gaskiya, shi da aka gina a 'yan shekaru kafin al-Aqsa, amma ba wani masallaci. A cikin gine-gine da hankali, wannan Dome kan alfarma "kafuwar dutse", daga abin da aka ce sun fara halittar zaman lafiya da kuma Muhammad hau zuwa sama ( "Miraj").

Saboda haka, a Urushalima akwai dukan kewayon Musulunci wurare masu tsarki a kan Dutsen Haikali. Shi ne a birnin ya saba, duk da tsanani yanayi a yankin, kawai 'yan dozin mita daga shi Yahudawa addu'a a kusa da marin fuska Wall.

haikali na Virgin

Haikalin Allah a Urushalima, wanda aka yanzu a hukumance kira da sufi na ɗauka na Our Lady, yana da wani ban sha'awa tarihi da kuma m.

Yana da aka gina a cikin 415 a karkashin Bishop John na biyu. Shi ne mai Byzantine Basilica, wanda aka kira da "Tsarki Sihiyona." A cewar Ioanna Bogoslova zauna a nan, kuma reposed Albarka Virgin. An yi imani da cewa na farko da Wuri Mai Tsarki da aka gina a kan wannan wuri, a wani yanki na Last bukin da indulgence da Ruhu Mai Tsarki a kan Manzanni a Fentikos.

Ya aka sau biyu halaka su da Farisa (ƙarni na bakwai) da Muslim (goma sha uku karni). Mayar da yan unguwa, sa'an nan da 'Yan Salibiyya. Amma heyday na sufi, wanda a yau shi ne daya daga abbeys, zo a karshen karni na sha tara.

Bayan da yawa ƙarni na mulkin Musulmi a kan ƙasa, a lokacin da girma Sarkin sarakuna Wilhelm II ta ziyarar da Palestine, da Benedictine Order sayayya a yanki na ƙasar domin ɗari da dubu ashirin na zinariya da alãmarsu daga Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

Tun wannan lokacin akwai kansa munã mãsu lazimta yi ta fara, wanda aka ci gaba da Jamus yan'uwan Katolika Order. The m ya Henry Renard. Ya shirya ya gina wani coci, kama da Carolingian babban coci a Aachen. Abin lura shi ne cewa, bisa Jamus hadisin a yi, a cikin sufi na Our Lady na ɗauka daga cikin Masters gabatar Byzantine da kuma na zamani Musulmi abubuwa.

Yau, wannan daki ne a cikin mallaki Jamus Society na Mai Tsarki Land. Its shugaba ne Akbishop na Kolon.

Holy Sepulchre

Haikalin Ubangiji a Urushalima, shi ne mai yawa sunayen, amma su ne ko ta yaya a gani na tunani. The shrine tsaye a kan tabo inda suka gicciye Ɗan Allah. Bayan ya aka tayar a nan. A cikin wannan Haikali, akwai da shekara-shekara bikin da gangaren Mai Tsarki wuta.

Sanya inda ya sha wahala, ya mutu kuma ya tashi a sake Iisus Hristos, ya ko da yaushe na girmama mũminai. A tunawa da shi ba a rasa bayan da hallakar Urushalima ta Titus, da kuma bayan 'yan shekaru na zama a kan site daga cikin Haikalin Venus, wanda aka gina a karkashin Hadrian.

Kawai a cikin 325, mahaifiyar Roman Sarkin sarakuna Konstantina Velikogo, wanda a rayuwar aka kira Flaviya Avgusta (christened Elena), da kuma bayan da canonization ya mai suna daidaita da Manzanni Helen, fara gina wani Kirista coci.

Domin a shekara wannan wuri da aka kafa a coci. Yana da aka gina kusa da Basilica Baitalami jagorancin Macarius. A lokacin da ya lokaci aka gina shi a hadaddun na gine-gine - Haikali-kabarin da crypt. Abin lura shi ne cewa wannan monumental abun da ke ciki ne da aka ambata a cikin shahararrun Madaba taswirar, wanda yake na biyar karni.

Church of a Tãshin ¡iyãma a cikin Urushalima, da farko ya keɓe a zamanin mulkin Konstantina Velikogo tare da sirri gaban sarki. Tare da 335 shekaru a cikin wannan rana bikin wani gagarumin taron - Updates na Haikalin Ubangiji (26 Satumba).

Abin lura shi ne cewa game da 1009 da Halifa al-Hakim yana canja wurin ikon mallakar Nestorian coci, partially lalata ginin. Lokacin da jita-jita, da aukuwar lamarin kai Yammacin Turai, wannan ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan Sanadin Jihadi.
A tsakiyar goma sha biyu karni Templars sāke gina Haikalin. Romanesque style of ginin za a iya gani a yau a kewayen birni New Urushalima Haikali, wadda za mu tattauna a kasa.

A cikin karni na sha shida da girgizar kasa muhimmanci washe bayyanar da dakin ibada. A ɗakin sujada ya zama kadan m, cewa shi ne, kamar yadda yake a yau. Bugu da kari, daga halakar da abin ya shafa Edicule. Restoration of ginin ne shagaltar da Franciscan sufaye.

Holy Sepulchre yau

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, cikin rare wurin aikin hajji a cikin yankin gabas ta tsakiya ita ce Urushalima. Holy Sepulchre (wanda aka located kasa da photo) janyo hankalin miliyoyin mũminai m kwana. A nan a shekara saukar Mai Tsarki wuta. Ko da yake bikin da kuma mafi yawan tashoshi watsa shirye-shirye online, mutane da yawa fi son ganin mu'ujiza da idanuwan.

A farkon karni na sha tara, haikali ya kan wuta, ya ƙone ɓangare na Anastasis, da kuma lalacewar da abin ya shafa Edicule. Gabatarwa sauri mayar, amma a karni daga baya ya zama bayyananne cewa coci yana bukatar sabuntawa. Karshen rukunin farko na aikin hana yakin duniya na biyu, don haka da karewa ta shãfi miƙa dama har zuwa 2013.

Domin rabin karni, shi ya sanya babban birnin kasar maido da dukan hadaddun, da rotunda da Dome.

Yau, cikin Haikali ya hada da shafin na giciyen Yesu Almasihu (akan), Sepulchre da rotunda sama da shi (akwai wani vault inda sa jikin Ɗan Allah, duk da haka ya ba an tashe), da kuma gano na Cross coci, KATHOLIKON, coci daidaita da Manzanni Elena kuma da dama chapels.

Yau, da Haikalin hadawa wakilan shida ƙungiyõyi cewa raba da karkararta, da suna da nasu bauta hours. Wadannan sun hada da Habasha, 'yan Koftik, Katolika, Syria, Greek Orthodox da kuma Armenian majami'u.

An ban sha'awa al'amari ne da wadannan. Don kauce wa m-dauke sakamakon rikice-rikice tsakanin addinai daban daban ne key zuwa Haikali a wani Musulmi iyali (Dzhude), da kuma bude kofa iya kawai zama memba na wata daban-daban irin Larabci (Nuseybe). Wannan hadisin an rauni sama da baya a 1192 da kuma aka girmama su a wannan rana.

New Urushalima sufi

"New Urushalima" ya dade da mafarki na da yawa shugabanni na Moscow sarauta. Boris Godunov shirya ta yi a Moscow, amma ya aikin zauna unfulfilled.

A farko Haikali a Urushalima New akwai lokacin da ya kasance sarki Nikon. Ya a 1656 kafa sufi, wanda ya kamata ya kwafa dukan hadaddun na mai tsarki shafukan a Palestine. Yau Ibada magance gaba - Istra, Sovetskaya st, gidan 2.

Kafin a fara yi a shafin na cikin Haikali ya located Redkina kauyen da kuma kusa da nan gandun daji. A cikin shakka daga tudun ƙarfafa, da itatuwa da aka sare, da kuma duk topographical sunan da aka canza zuwa Linjila. Yanzu akwai Eleonskii tuddai na Sihiyona, da Tabor. A kogin Istra gaba a da aka sani da Jordan. ¡Iyãma Cathedral, wanda aka gina a cikin rabi na biyu na goma sha bakwai karni, ya mayar da abun da ke ciki na haikalin Ruhu Mai Sepulchre.

Daga cikin farko da tunani na sarki Nikon kuma baya jin dadin wannan wuri na musamman tsari na Alexei Mikhailovich. Sources ambaci cewa shi ne karo na farko da ya kira hadaddun "New Urushalima" a ƙaddamar da karshen.

Ga shi aka located wani babba library tarin kazalika da ƴan aka sanar da m kuma poetic makarantu. Bayan wulãkancin Nikon sufi zo a cikin wasu disrepair. Cases sun inganta da yawa tun zuwan iko Fedor Alekseevich, wanda wani almajiri daga cikin kõre sarki.

Saboda haka, a yau mun ziyarci tare da ku a kan wani mai rumfa yawon shakatawa zuwa wasu daga cikin shahararrun haikali gidaje na Urushalima, da kuma ziyarci New Urushalima Haikali a cikin unguwannin bayan gari.

Good luck zuwa gare ku, masoyi masu karatu! Bari ka kwarewa zai kasance mai haske, kuma tafiya - ban sha'awa.