Harshen Rasha. Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov: bayyane, ayyukan

Sunan Rasha Falsafa Nikolai Fedorov ya dade da aka boye daga jama'a, amma ya ba da aka manta, saboda da ra'ayoyin yi wahayi zuwa gare irin fice kimiyya a matsayin Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky, Nikolay Aleksandrovich Naumov.

Rasha da masana falsafa na karni na 19th kuma na farko da rabin na 20th Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolay Berdyaev, Pavel Florensky, Sergei Bulgakov da sauransu nuna babban yabo Fedorov ra'ayoyi da Vladimir Nikolaevich Ilin a cikin labarin "Nikolai Fedorov da St. Serafim Sarovsky" yana sanya wadannan mutane biyu a kan wani na kowa mataki a matsayin haraji ga high ruhi da kuma gaskiya Kirista tsarki Nikolai Fedorovich.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

N. Fedorov biography ƙunshi mai yawa fari aibobi. Ba za mu iya ce ko ya aka yi aure, ko yara da. An sani cewa ya aka haife Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov, 26 May (7 Yuni) 1829. Bayani na sirri da aka ba su kiyaye mahaifiyarsa. Ya kasance cikin shege dan Prince Pavel Ivanovich Gagarin. Kamar yadda shege kuma Nikolay kuma ɗan'uwansa, kuma uku 'yan'uwa mãtã da aka ba a yarda ya yi da'awar da take da sunan mahaifinsa. Fedorov ne ya godfather. Daga shi ya samu sunansa. Irin wannan halin da ake ciki a lokacin ba nadiri: wani bafada iya fada cikin soyayya tare da baƙauye yarinya, amma saki da aure to wata mace mai ƙananan aji hana da yawa gata a matsayin ma'aurata da kuma 'ya'yansu.

Amma ga sunan, bayan da jirgin da Yuri Gagarin waje kafofin watsa labarai sun amsa wannan taron a wata kasida mai suna "Biyu Gagarin", yana ambaton real name Nikolai Fedorovich. Sergei Korolev yake a ofishin hoto-cosmist Falsafa kuma, ba shakka, yin shawara, daya daga cikin na farko mutane aika a cikin sarari, ba zai iya tunani mai kyau alama.

Uba, Prince Gagarin, ba bõye extramarital al'amarinsu daga ɗan'uwansa - Konstantin Ivanovich Gagarin. Ya dauki bangare a cikin makoman dan'uwa. Ya dauki kan biyan bashin ilimi Nicholas. Sauran bayanai game da yara a can. Native kauyen Kunamu (Tambov lardin, yanzu - Ryazan yankin, Sasovsky District) Nikolay bar su isa makaranta shekaru - ya koma Tambov, inda ya shiga cikin makarantar sakandare.

Richelieu lyceum

Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1849, Fedorov tafi Odessa. Akwai ya sa suna a cikin shahararrun lyceum Richelieu a Faculty of Law. Wannan ne mai matukar babbar makaranta. Mafi muhimmanci, shi ne a kan na biyu wuri bayan sanannen Tsarskoye Selo lyceum. Bisa ga abun da ke ciki na batutuwa, da ingancin ilimi da kuma sanar da dokoki ya kasance, a maimakon haka, jami'a fiye da lyceum. Teaching jagorancin Farfesa. A Richelieu lyceum karatu yara na mafĩfĩcinku daraja da kuma arziki iyalansu. Nicholas karatu a can har shekara uku. Bayan ya kawu ta mutuwa, domin ya biya hakkin karatunsa, saurayin aka tilasta su bar makaranta da kuma fara wani zaman kanta rayuwa. Shege dan, ko da bai wa mai talanti kuma high ayyukan alheri, ba zai iya dogara a kan gwamnati tallafin da a wannan ma'aikata. Amma shekaru uku na nazari ba a banza. Da muhimman hakkokin ilimi na halitta da kuma agaji sciences, samu a makarantar sakandare, a nan gaba shi ne da amfani sosai ga makomar Falsafa, alama farkon Rasha cosmism.

Wani malami da kuma leburare

A 1854, Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov koma gida a cikin Tambov lardin, ya karbi takardar shaidar daga cikin malamin da shugabanci na gari na Lipetsk aiki malamin tarihi da labarin kasa. Har zuwa karshen da sittin ya aka tsunduma a cikin koyarwa a gundumar makarantu Tambov, Moscow, Yaroslavl da Tula larduna. Daga 1867 zuwa 1869, ya tafi zuwa Moscow, inda ya ba da zaman darussa da yara Michael.

A 1869, Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov karshe ya koma Moscow da ya dauki wani mataimaki leburare a bude Chertkov farko a cikin jama'a library.

Fedorov zaton library - wannan ne cibiyar al'adu, wanda ya kawo tare mutane suka ba su da alaka da iyali dangantaka, amma kusa da janye zuwa ruhaniya dabi'u - adabi, art, kimiyya. Yana da aka yaƙi da ka'idar da hakkin mallaka da kuma ya rayayye bayar da shawarar da siffofin daban-daban na littafi musayar.

Rumyantsev Museum da dalibai

A Chertkovsky Library Fedorov hadu nan gaba uba na astronautics - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Tsiolkovsky zo zuwa Moscow da niyyar don samun ilmi a Higher fasaha School (yanzu Bauman), amma ba su da kuma yanke shawarar malami. Nikolai Fedorovich ya maye gurbin jami'a. A cikin shekaru uku karkashin jagorancin Fedorov Tsiolkovsky ƙware kimiyyar lissafi, taurari, sunadarai, mafi girma lissafi, da sauransu. D. Shin, ba a manta, kuma al'adu, wanda, kamar yadda sauran da aka sadaukar domin da yamma.

Lokacin da 'yan shekaru baya da library aka haɗe zuwa Rumyantsev Museum, Fodorov N. F. sanya cikakken cataloging united littafin asusu. A cikin kayayyakin lokaci, ya yi aiki tare da matasan. Ya suna fadin albashi Nikolai Fedorovich ciyar a kan dalibai, yayin da ya rayu, manne ga strictest tattalin arzikin zuwa mutuža cewa ba ya amfani da jama'a kai, ya tafi ko'ina a kafa.

Jigon da ka'idar cosmism

Nikolai Fedorov dauke da uba na Rasha cosmism. Hadishi, ya bayar da hujjar cewa bayan da bude daga cikin Copernican heliocentric tsarin na na da falsafa ya sake tunani su ideas game duniya domin. Space al'amurra kafa kafin mutãne sabuwar šawainiya. A cikin kalmomin Tsiolkovsky: "Earth - shimfiɗar jariri, da bil'adama, amma ba ko da yaushe ya yi rayuwa a wani shimfiɗar jariri!"

Ya kamata a lura da cewa falsafar kimiyya Fedorov nufi kamar yadda wani tunani kusa. A cewar shi, jima ko daga baya kaiwa zuwa warewa daga cikin batun da binciken da musu na haƙiƙa ilmi. Irfanin ilimi ya kamata a da goyan bayan yi, da nufin bauta wa da nazarin yanayi, na rayuwa da mutuwa don su management.

Sararin samaniya an ƙware a cikin irin wannan zaran adadin da cewa ƙarshe da shawara da kanta: Allah ya halicci irin wannan babbar sarari tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa sanya a cikinta, dukan mutane da ya taɓa rayuwa, da kuma waɗanda suka yi da za a haife shi a nan gaba. A wani hanya, shi ba ya bayyana. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wannan tattaunawa da aka haife Rasha Space Art Fedorov. Idan akai la'akari da sararin samaniya a matsayin sararin yankin, kawai wani microscopic ɓangare na abin da yake ga mutãne, Falsafa da nasaba da wannan m rashin daidaituwa da rukunan Kirista na tashin matattu. Free sarari Mahaliccin tattalin ajiye a kan shi na biliyoyin mutane da suka taba rayuwa a Duniya. More game da wannan za a iya samu a cikin tarin ayyukan Nikolai Fedorovich, sõyayya da sunan "falsafa na kowa hanyar." A ci gaba da wayewar dan adam ne da ya kamata a directed ga bincike na m sarari, to komawa zuwa jiki rayuwa na mutane da suka rayu kafin da kuma yanzu binne. A wannan dangane da shi wajibi ne don haifar da wani sabon xa'a da damar kowa da kowa ya zauna a cikin zaman lafiya da jituwa.

sabon xa'a

Nikolai Fedorovich wani addini mutumin. Ya halarci liturgical rai na Church, lura da azumi, na yau da kullum ikirari da kuma tarayya. A cewar shi, da sabon xa'a dole ne a ci gaba a kan tushen da rukunan Kirista na Triniti na Allah. Kamar yadda uku daban-daban jigon Allah - Uba, da Ɗa da kuma Ruhu Mai Tsarki, daidaituwa mu'amala, da kuma a raba bil'adama dole ne su sami wata hanya mai zaman lafiya. Divine Triniti - antithesis na gabashin haukan rushe daga cikin mutum a cikin al'umma da kuma Yammacin individualism.

A mafi kyau harsashin ginin sabuwar dangantaka ne da lafiyar qasa. Kula da yanayi binciken da ke cikin dokokinsa, kuma management ya zama dalilin ha mutane na daban-daban kasashe, fasahohin da kuma ilimi matakan. Shin, kimiyya da addinin da yawa a cikin na kowa. The rukunan Kirista na zuwa tashin matattu dole ne a da za'ayi a yi da masana kimiyya.

Tashin matattu

Mene ne duniya da tashin matattu, bisa ga Fedorov - shi ne Tarurrukan da kuma sake kafa mutane? Masana falsafa sun bayar da hujjar cewa mutuwa ne wani mugun abin da mutane da a kauda. Kowane mutum na zaune da mutuwa na kakanninsa, saboda haka, shi ne mai laifi. Wannan Jihar harkokin bukatar a gyara. Rasitan dole ne a biya da tashin matattu. A ra'ayin na tashin matattu ya zama mai kara kuzari ga cudanya da masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya saboda daya.

tashin inji dogara ne a kan dokokin kimiyyar lissafi - kowane jiki na zahiri da aka hada da kwayoyin da kwayoyin halitta, wanda aka gudanar na gaba da juna da kuzari na janye da tunkuxe. Dukkanin abubuwan emit irin ruwa. Wadannan mamaki dole ne a yi karatu da kuma scrutinized ga maido da jiki al'amari, cewa shi ne ya girma karshe mutane a duniya na kiyaye nazarin halittu kaya ko na tarin makamashi, da wanda kunshi maza, domin materialize su a cikin wannan hanya. ¡Iyãma zabin iya zama more, kamar yadda da shawarar Fedorov.

A falsafar da model na ci gaba na al'umma ya hada da ilimi na sabon dangantaka tsakanin mutane. Saboda aljanna - shi ne ba da wani ephemeral sarari, sanaki rayukan sãlihai, kuma ba wani m da kwanciyar hankali, zo sharuddan da gaskiya, to canza cewa yana da wani ƙarfi, kuma da real jiki duniya, shi wajibi ne don canja ko ilmantar da jama'a don su raba har abada daga dogara a kan .. lahani, da aka sani da kiyayya, hassada, avarice, bakin ciki, girman kai, da bautar gumaka, da dai sauransu Kana bukatar kuma ka yi haka da cewa mutane ba su sha daga jiki samuwar kasashe, kamar: rashin lafiya, sanyi, zafi, da yunwa, da sauransu. Wannan shi ne wani aiki na masana kimiyya, da kuma ga limaman. Kimiyya da addini kamata gama.

Nikolai Fedorovich fentin biyu yiwu hanyoyi na ci gaba wayewar dan adam.

Dangantaka tsakanin jinsosin

Nikolai Fyodorov bai bypassed da hankali da kuma wannan gefe na mutum dangantaka. A cikin duniya, a cikin ra'ayi, shi ne a mai sadaukarwa na mata da kuma jiki soyayya. Dangantaka an kore ta jima'i ilhami. More nishaɗi da sosai kadan juyayi.

Aure dangantaka ya kamata a gina a kan tsarin da Allahntaka Triniti, a lokacin da Kungiyar Tarayyar - ba da karkiya, da kuma individuality na mutum ne ba wani dalilin da sabani. Son tsakanin maza da mata ya kamata yi kama da soyayya da yara ga iyayensu. Duk da haka, shi ba a yarda, ba kawai da muguwar sha'awa, amma kuma ta m - asceticism kamar yadda unacceptable da cikakken son kai da kuma cikakken sadaukarwa.

Procreation za a riskarsa kamar ottsetvorenie, watau halittar mutane zuwa sabon halittu. Our jima'i sensuality - wannan Ilhamin kubuta daga mutuwa da kuma haihuwa, a cikin wannan ra'ayi, - akasin mutuwa. Soyayya na da ubanninmu supplant tsoron kansa mutuwa da kuma canza kama zuwa wani hutu na kakanninsu.

A farko hanya a cikin abin da mutãne iya tafi

Masana da masana kimiyya a duniya za su yi aiki a kan recreating da mutum gene pool. The sojojin ba zai zama aiki don m, vzaimoistreblyayuschih dalilai da za a yi amfani da} alubalantar da elemental sojojin na yanayi, watau, ambaliyar ruwa, girgizar ƙasa, volcanic eruptions, gandun daji gobara da sauransu. D.

Industry zai gushe zuwa tsirar kayayyakin da za a iya kira toys ga manya. Babban samar da zai iya canjawa wuri zuwa karkara. Akwai kuma za ta ci gaba rayuwa. Stepanov ne birni mutane a kan sa, suna yiwuwa ga wani parasitic zama. Rayuwa a birane ke hana su da lafiya burinsu, da iyaka, da kuma ba kawai ma'ana, amma zullumi.

Universal ilimi - a bukata kafun ga aiwatar da shirin na tashin matattu.

Jama'a gwamnati za a za'ayi da monarch hade tare da mutanensa dangantaka ba Kaisar da talakawansa, da kuma artist nufin Allah saboda duniya mai kyau.

wani hanya

Nikolai Fyodorov da shawarar wani hanya na ci gaba wayewar dan adam, wanda zai kai mu ga rashin mutuwa da tashin matattu, da kuma Lãhira iyãma, kuma wuta. Rasha Space Art - a hakikanin manufar da cewa yana da kõme ba su yi tare da utopian rudu na almarar kimiyya marubuta. Fedorov duniya hoto ya dubi wuce yarda da m, ko da yake ya rayu a cikin wani zamanin kafin kimiyya da fasaha juyin juya halin.

By Lãhira iyãma zai sa wani karin gishiri ji na kai-tsare, wanda zai fi a kan kowa hankali. Yana taso a sakamakon janyewar daga Allah, da asarar imani a craft, so, kauna da damuwa ga mutane. Daga karkashin fassarar ne ba daidai ba ji na tsaro mutane za su fara artificially haduwa abinci. Da muguwar sha'awa zai fi a kan soyayya, zai bayyana m aure ba tare da procreation. Dabbobi, da kuma shuke-shuke da matsayi mai barazana ga kiwon lafiya, za a hallaka. Gushe nuna jirgin sama. Ƙarshe mutane za su halaka juna. Kuma a sa'an nan shi zai zo Ranar hushi.

Shi ne mai ban mamaki cewa duk wannan da aka rubuta a cikin XIX karni - Nikolai Fyodorov mutu Disamba 28, 1903.

Kimiyya, haifaffen cikin koyarwar Fedorova

Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov, ba tare da ya sani ba, wahayi zuwa gare Konstantina Tsiolkovskogo nutsu da ransa ga halittar wani sabon reshe na kimiyya da fasaha - nazarin sararin samaniya.

The domin na duniya domin, tsara ta Nikolai Fedorovich, nasara da zukatan mutane da yawa daga cikin Sahaban. Wannan ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa da ra'ayin Fedorov kimiyya kamar sararin samaniya da kuma geliobilogiya, aeroionifikatsiya, elektrogemodinamika da sauransu. Bisa ga masana kimiyya da hannu a cikin al'adunmu cewa ya bar "Moskovskiy Sokrat", kamar yadda lakabi Fedorov abokai da kuma yara, alama vector, kuma ya ba impetus ga ci gaban duniya ilmi ga mutane da yawa ƙarni zuwa. Tare da jerawa da aka haifi wani sabon hangen zaman gaba a juyin halittar Adam, kamar yadda wani aiki tsari, samar da mutane da kansu, da ma'aikata a kan halittar manufa na noosphere.

Mafi yawa daga cikin records cewa yi wa almajiransa Fodorov N. F. tsira. Nikolai Fedorovich aka ba tsunduma a cikin littafin daga cikin tunani. Ayyukansa sun kiyaye da yawa dalibai. Nikolay Pavlovich Peterson da Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kozhevnikov su systematized kuma aka buga a 1906. Duk kwafi da aka rarraba wa] akunan karatu da kuma free rarraba a tsakanin sha'awar mutane.

A lokacin da rayuwar Nikolai Fedorovich taba photographed kuma bai ba da damar kansa zuwa cin. Duk da haka, Leonid Pasternak har yanzu a asirce sanya daya hoto. Mun sanya shi a cikin farkon wannan labarin.

ƙarshe

A cikin shekaru na Soviet da iko a Tarayyar Soviet, lokacin da sarari masana'antu da kuma kimiyya sun sanya muhimmanci Manuniya na Nikolai Fedorov da aka sani kawai wani sosai kunkuntar da'irar.

Top shugabannin jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet ta rukunan Fedorov gane overly daura da Kirista ra'ayin na sararin samaniya a matsayin m yi na allahntaka hankali Triniti Mai Tsarki - da Uba, Ɗa da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Ya warai addini view na duniya domin shi ne a rashin daidaito da ka'idodi na dangantakarsu zuwa duniya domin na Soviet jama'a, wanda aka yi niyya ga gamsuwa da kayan bukatar kawai. Babban taken da gurguzanci: "Daga kowane - bisa ga ikon, to kowane - bisa ga aikin", da kuma babban taken kwaminisanci: "Daga kowane - bisa ga ikon, to kowane - bisa ga bukatun." A karkashin bukatun nufi zalla physiological bukatun, saboda kasancewar rai Soviet jama'a da aka hana, ko da yake da ra'ayin ilmantar da sabon mutum, shi yiwuwa an aro daga gare shi.

A halin yanzu, ba mu da har yanzu nisa daga zamanin da janar tashin ko da yake for daban-daban dalilai - mabukaci hali zuwa rayuwa, da kuma nesa daga Allah sāke, amma a general sun halartar ne ba da yawa canji.