"Hero of Our Lokaci": wata muqala-gardamar. The labari "A Hero of Our Lokaci" Lermontov

Mun duk ya rubuta a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da makaranta muqala "Hero of Our Lokaci" a kan labari da Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova, amma mafi dalibai suna ba da gaske tunani game da muradi na marubuci, kuma baya aiki. Jayayya da ma'ana, ba kowane dalibi ne iya fahimtar hadaddun m abubuwan da manya. Saboda haka, na gargajiya samfurin, a hannu daya - mai sauki, amma a kan sauran - zurfi, shi wajibi ne su koma a cikin balagagge shekaru, da kuma sake sake tunani, to sami wani na kowa, ko daura da sauran, cikin duniya, duniya ...

A haihuwa na Genre

A samfurin na "Hero of Our Lokaci" shi ne na farko litattafan labari, rubuta a cikin style of zamantakewa da kuma m da labarun almara. Halin kirki da kuma falsafa aikin kunshe ne a cikin Bugu da kari ga tarihi na babban harafin a matsayin mai haske da kuma jitu bayanin rayuwa a Rasha da shekaru 30 na XIX karni. Shi ne mai irin gwaji bidi'a a cikin sharuddan na Genre daga marubucin, kamar yadda a lokacin da irin wannan salo kamar yadda "labari" ba ya wanzu. Lermontov daga baya yarda cewa ya rubuta labari "Hero of Our Lokaci," bisa Pushkin ta wallafe-wallafen da kwarewa da kuma al'adar yammacin Turai. Wannan tasiri ne bayyanannu a cikin sharuddan romantic labari.

Fage rubutu

A 1832 Lermontov rubuta waka, "Ina so in zama! Ina so in yi baƙin ciki ... "yaya wani saurayi haka matsananciyar tare da balaga da tunani, hangen nesa da kuma daidaici a cikin irin wannan wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba so zuwa hadari? Zai yiwu shi ne wannan rayuwa-tsantsan yanke ƙauna ya ja hankalin masu yawa na masu karatu da kuma sa cikin shayari na Lermontov ta dacewa a yau? Tunani game da so da hadari da kuma fito fili a cikin waka: "Sail", rubuta a wannan shekara: "Kuma ya, da 'yan tawaye, ta tambaya da hadari kamar yadda idan da hadari zai yi zaman lafiya!" Yanã zamani, kusan guda shekaru, Herzen yi magana da ya tsara a matsayin "guba daga reno ina qarami."

Don fahimta da wadannan kalmomi, ya kamata a tuna, a cikin abin da zamanin da zuwa rayuwa Lermontov, da kuma lokaci, wanda aka nuna daga baya a cikin labari "A Hero of Our Lokaci". An muqala a kan labari dace fara da wani bincike na farko waqe na mawãƙi, domin a cikinsu akwai bayyane baya da ya kai marubucin don ƙirƙirar musamman samfurin.

Matasa Lermontov zo a kan lokaci, wanda ya quite bakin ciki ga Rasha tarihi. Disamba 14, 1825 a majalisar dattijai Square a St. Petersburg ya da yunkuri na Decembrists, wanda ya ƙare a shan kashi. Masu shirya tawaye aka rataye, mahalarta aka aika zuwa shekara ashirin da biyar hijira a Siberia. Takwarorina Lermontov Ba kamar tsara Pushkina, girma a cikin wani yanayi na zalunci. Ya kamata ya yi la'akari da zamani makaranta, shirya wata muqala a kan wannan topic.

"Hero of Our Lokaci"

Lermontov baiwa gwarzo "m jigon zama" ya zamanin. Duk da yake soja shugabannin taka rawar da danniya na mutane, da alƙalai aka bukata don ƙulla niyyar zãlunci kotu kasida - gama ɗaukakar sarki. An girma yanayi na tsoro, tuhuma, kayi. A cikin matasa, da mawãƙi ya da wani haske, kuma addini. Ya girma a ruhaniya hamada, da kuma duk lokacin da kokarin tserewa daga gare ta.

A cikin waka "Monologue" ne line: "tsakiyan da hadari languishes komai da matasan mu ..." Yana da wuya a yi imani da cewa marubucin wani poetic aiki ne kawai shekaru 15 da haihuwa! Amma wannan ba talakawa matasa mummunan zato. Lermontov har yanzu ba zai iya bayyana ba, amma da aka fara gane cewa wani mutum wanda yake iya yi aiki, ba zai iya zama mai farin ciki. Shekaru goma bayan da "Monologue", ya rubuta labari "A Hero of Our Lokaci". A rubuce-rubuce a kan wannan batu dole ne dauke da shawara game da halin yanzu lokaci da kuma wurin da na mutumin a cikin shi. Yana da yake a cikin "Hero of Our Lokaci," marubucin bayyana tunani na ya tsara da kuma daidai da rashin bege, wanda wanzuwa da takwarorina.

labarin rubuce-rubuce

Lokacin rubuta makala ne m nuna cewa Lermontov fara rubuta labari a 1838 a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Caucasian kwaikwayo. A farko shi ne, ba ko da wani labari, kuma mutum labaru, babban harafin a hade. A 1839, mujallar "Notes da Fatherland" ya ruwaito cewa M. Lermontov shirya don buga tarin daga cikin gajeren labaru. Kowace daga cikin wadannan labarai da aka dogara ne a kan wani wallafe-wallafen al'adun: "Bella" da aka rubuta a cikin style of matafiyi ta muqala, "Princess Maryam" - a cikin hadisin na gwamnati labarin, "Taman" - a cikin ruhu na lyrical labari, "The Fatalist" - a cikin irin "Labarin wata m hali "wanda ya rare a cikin 1830s. Daga baya wadannan labaru za a haife cikakken fledged labari "Hero of Our Lokaci".

A rubuce-rubuce-shaida a takaice a kuma ru events aka bayyana a cikin labari "Princess Ligovskoy" (1836). Wannan aiki ta jerin baƙaƙe, da thematically wadda ta gabãta daga "Hero". Akwai, a karon farko da kuma bayyana Pechorin Guards jami'in, wanda ya cikin soyayya tare da Princess Vera LIGOVSKY. A raba babi na "Taman" da aka rubuta a 1837, bayyana kamar mai ci gaba "The Princess Ligovski". Duk wadannan ayyuka suna da alaka da juna da kuma da na kowa zamantakewa da falsafa line, guda ra'ayi da kuma Genre fuskantarwa.

Editorial canje-canje

da abun da ke ciki na labari "A Hero of Our Lokaci" da aka canza a cikin sabon version. A rubuce-rubuce bada shawarar himma da kwazo don Chronology rubuce-rubuce: labarin "Bel" shi ne bude babi da labari, shi da aka bi ta "Maksim Maksimych" da "Princess Maryam". Daga baya, na farko biyu labaru da aka hada title "Daga jami'in kula» da kuma zama manyan ɓangare na labari, da kuma kashi na biyu shi ne "Princess Maryam". Yana da aka ɗauki cikinsa su gabatar da ɗaukar wasu "furci" na protagonist. A lokacin Agusta-Satumba 1839 Lermontov yanke shawarar gaba daya sake rubuta duk surori fãce babi na "Bella", wanda a wancan lokaci ya riga an buga. Yana da a wannan mataki na aikin a cikin babi na "fatalist" ya zama wani labari.

A farko edition da labari na yi da sunan "Daya daga cikin heroes na karni." Yana kunshi sassa hudu - hudu raba labaru, amma a gabar wani labari da marubucin kansa raba kawai suka shiga kashi biyu. A farko part - Notes jami'in-riwayan, na biyu - da rubutu hali. Gabatarwa "fatalist" babi kara bunkasa falsafa rafi na aiki. Breaking labari a sashi, Lermontov ba ƙoƙari ya ci gaba da Chronology na events, makasudin shi yiwuwa a bayyana ran protagonist da rai daga cikin mutane na cewa firgita zamanin.

By karshen 1839 Lermontov Halicci karshe version da labari, to sun hada da "Taman" sura da kuma canza abun da ke ciki na samfur. The labari fara sura "Bela", sa'an nan ya zo "Maksim Maksimych." Notes protagonist, Pechorin, yanzu fara shugabancin "Taman" da kuma kare "a fatalist." akwai kuma sanannun "Pechorin mujallar" A wannan edition. Saboda haka, labari kunshi biyar surori, da kuma akwai wani sabon sunan: labari "A Hero of Our Lokaci".

Mene ne kowa tsakanin Onegin da Pechorin

Sunan karshe na protagonist da labari dangana shi da Pushkin ta Evgeniem Oneginym. Pechorin surname zo daga sunan babban Rasha Pechora River, dake kusa da Onega (Saboda haka, kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, da kuma sunan mahaifi Onegin). Kuma wannan dangantaka shi ne ba kawai.

Wadannan A. Pushkin Lermontov nufin da image na zamani da kuma na nazarin ta makoma cikin sharuddan da lokaci. Lermontov ko da zurfi a cikin asirai na rai na gwarzo, kara tunani na aikin da saturating shi tare da zurfin falsafa tunani a kan dabi'un al'umma.

salo akidar

"Hero of Our Lokaci" - wata muqala-shaida, ta farko da halin kirki da kuma m, litattafan labari a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Shi ne irin na idon basira labari, wanda ke mayar da hankali a kan warware marubuci na halin kirki al'amurran da suka shafi cewa bukatar a-zurfin m analysis.

A labari, marubucin da alaka da zamani domin ta lokaci, da halin kirki da kuma da'a al'amurran da suka shafi: nagarta da mugunta, soyayya da kuma abota, mutuwa da addini, da nada mutumin da kuma 'yancin nufin. Psychology da ayyuka da cewa Lermontov mayar da hankali a kan hali na gwarzo, ruhaniya abubuwan. Mai karatu da aka gabatar "tsirara" kurwa Pechorin. The labari "Hero of Our Lokaci" - a tarihi ransa.

Feature samfurin

Author sau da yawa canza da abun da ke ciki gaba daya ya bude babban matsala - ruhaniya nema na gwarzo. Wannan duka Lermontov. "Hero of Our Lokaci", jigo na wanda aka gani a bayanin rayuwa da kuma yanayi twists a cikin rabo na babban harafin, gaba daya bã tãre da wani Chronology. The tambaya: me ya sa marubucin ba ya bi shekara-shekara domin a cikin tsari na surori? Na shekara-shekara savanin ne saboda dalilai da dama.

• Da fari dai, a cikin labari akwai abubuwa daban-daban da nau'o'i: bayanin kula, diary, wadanda mutane labarai, makala da kuma kama.
• Abu na biyu, marubucin ya yi kokarin goyon karatu, domin su gudanar da "tafiya" a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam na da gwarzo, to nutsad da karatu a cikin zurfin ciki duniya da hali.

Saboda da hadaddun da "saba" tsarin aiki a wani labari da mahara riwaya a cikin kowane babi - a. Alal misali, a cikin babi na "Bella" game da hanya na events, mai karatu zai koya daga labarin Maksima Maksimovicha (Maksimych), a "Maxim Maksimych" labarin shi ne wani hafsa, shugaban na "Taman", "Princess Maryam," "fatalist" gabatar a mujallar fom da kuma diary na protagonist . Wannan ne, da ya riwaito shi ne da kansa ya Pechorin. Siffofin jarida da kuma diary domin ba da damar marubucin ba ne kawai na nazarin rai na gwarzo, amma kuma mai zurfi introspection daga cikin mutum.

Pechorin kuma Bella: rashin tunani da kuma soyayya

By yanayin Pechorin an mai kasada. Ta yaya kuma ya bayyana halin da ake ciki a lokacin da Azamat, ɗan daya daga cikin gida shugabanninmu, sace 'yar'uwarsa, wato Bela, da Pechorin suka kawo, da kuma a mayar da martani ga Azamat Petchorin sãci doki daga Kazbich? A gwarzo ba ya samun gaji ba ka mace tsada kyautai fiye da yiwuwa ya lashe ta ni'ima. Ta janyo hankalin shi ya girman kai da rashin biyayya.

Idan muka magana game da ikon da hankula, ko da sama da unrequited soyayya, da Lermontov ta nuna juyayi ne tare da Bela - ta sosai ƙaunar Petchorin gaske. Amma babban harafin da jũna bisa ikon Allah, shi da kansa ya iya ba ƙayyade ko da yarinya yana fuskantar real ji, ko yana cikin so tafasar a cikin rai da jiki. Wannan bala'i na gwarzo - ya bai iya warai empathize. A ƙauna bunch Pechorin Bela-aza muqala batutuwa. "Hero of Our Lokaci" ya ƙunshi mai yawa lokacin da ya bayyana protagonist ta ikon karfi ji. Yana pechorin sane da abin da ke haifar da unhappiness na wasu, amma har yanzu bai gane abin da ke a cikin al'amarin. A sakamakon dukan abubuwan an rage wa rashin nishaɗi, ruhaniya fanko da kuma jin cizon yatsa.

Duk da haka, ya yi magana game da cikakken callousness ba lallai ba ne. Lokacin da Bela ya rasu a m mutuwa, shi ne juyayi ga ta, ba kawai a Maxim Maksimych da kuma masu karatu. Ya zama "kodadde a matsayin takardar," A karshe minti na rayuwa Bely Pechorin. Kuma a sa'an nan "ya dade da rashin lafiya, rasa, matalauta abu ..." Ya ji laifinsa a gaban ta, amma kokarin boye su ji zurfin ciki. Watakila wannan ne ya sa ya barke "m dariya," don haka tsoratar Maxim Maksimych. Mafi m, shi ne wani nau'i ne na juyayi rashin lafiya. Saboda haka zai yi aiki ne kawai real "gwarzo na lokacin mu." A rubuce-rubuce na da halayya da marubucin ya kusa - ya rayu a kusa da mutane gefe da gefe a kowace rana. Mai karatu Mai gani ne ga mataki ta hanyar da idanu na riwayan Pechorin Maxim Maksimych, amma bai fahimci dalilai na wadannan ayyuka.

Maxima Maksimych dangantaka zuwa Petchorin

"Ya ke wannan kadan fari, uniform ga shi a sabon, na gane cewa yana cikin Caucasus, dole mu kwanan nan" - cewa gan Pechorina Maksim Maksimych. Daga cikin bayanin shi ne ya ji cewa ya riwaito kamar Pechorin. Wannan ne evidenced da kalmomi daga cikin gajeren m kari na baya baki amfani da riwayan, kuma kalmar "nice Guy ya ...".

A labari "Hero of Our Lokaci," wata muqala game Pechorin ta rayuwa iya An rubuta guda Multi-page littafin - haka rigima, m da kuma babban image aka dage farawa a cikin shi marubucin. Petchorin sãɓã wa jũna daga wasu ta hanyar da hali: martani ga canje-canje a cikin zazzabi, kwatsam pallor, kuma m dogon shirun talkative. Saboda wadannan "m" ga tsohon-Ms. ãyõyi Maxim Maksimych Petchorin dauke m.

Maksimych fahimta ji, kore wani matasa Pechorin, duk da haka, ya dauke shi wajibi ne don mayar da yarinya wa ubansa, ko da yake ya karfi a haɗe zuwa Bela, mutunta ta girman kai da kuma kamunkai. Duk da haka, ya kuma mallakar da kalmomi: "Akwai mutane da cewa ya kamata ka shakka yarda." Maksim Maksimych ya tuna Pechorin, wanda ya na da karfi hali da kuma ya iya iko da nufin duk.

dandano yanayi

Lermontov a Rasha litattafan - daya daga cikin na farko marubuta ga wanda yanayi ne ba danda shimfidar wuri, amma da wani cikakken fledged gwarzo na labari. An sani cewa marubucin aka captivated da kyau na Caucasus, ta mai tsanani da kuma girma da. Roman Lermontova "Hero of Our Lokaci" ne kawai riddled tare da zane-zane da na halitta - Wild, amma kyau. Kamar yadda muka gani da dama sukar, cewa Lermontov amfani da su da wasu marubuta mas'ala ta "humanization yanayi" da aka fara kara "mutum oprirozhivanie". Special m dabaru a cikin bayanin yanayi zai haskaka cikin daji dokokin karkashin wanda mutane rayu duwãtsu. A wannan daidaito a cikin bayanin launi da kuma haske na Caucasus ne daban-daban hotuna, da kaina rubuta ta M. Yu. Lermontovym.

binciken

Saboda haka, samfurin na "Hero of Our Lokaci" - shi ne a cikin title na farko labari duka ta ainihi ta'allaka. Pechorin - tsara sojan gona. Ba za mu iya ce dukan mutane garzaya a ruhaniya abubuwan, sha wahala daga rikice, da kuma su ruhohi taurare. A protagonist na aiwatuwa ba kawai 'yan asalin, kamar yadda zamanin - wani hadadden, a sau m ga mutane, amma a lokaci guda karfi da karfi-so. Wannan shi ne abin da dole ne ka tuna yayin da shirya muqala "Hero of Our Lokaci". Lermontov brilliantly isar da yanayi na al'umma a tarihi da gwarzo.