Ina mai dabino tsiro?

Mutane da yawa san game da wanzuwar dabino da man fetur. A yau shi ne daya daga cikin mafi used kuma kowa na ganye kayayyakin a dukan duniya. Wannan talifin zai dubi wasu tambayoyi game da wannan m m shuke-shuke, ba a dole samfurin: abin man dabino, wadda ta tsirar da kuma sauransu.

Da farko, ina so a lura da cewa sosai farko description na itace, kama mai dabino, an yi ta da sunan Venetian Alvise da Mosto Cada a cikin XV karni. Wannan masanin kimiyyar da yin bincike a Afirka ta Yamma.

Fiye da 50 da suka wuce, 'ya'yan itãcen dabĩno oilseed zo dogon hanya tare da bayi a fadin tekun Atlantic, bayan da mai ya zama haka prevalent a duniya.

Akwai tsibiran Solomon (South-West Pacific), inda za ka iya ganin m layuka na itatuwan dabino, da 'ya'yan na wanda mai aka samar.

Mai dabino: photos, bayanin

Wannan inji iyali dabino da daya daga cikin jinsunan man dabino.

A daji-girma tsari, shi ne wata babbar itace wanda tsayinsa iya isa 20 zuwa mita 30, amma a wani al'ada ƙara tsiro daga 10 zuwa 15 mita. Babban kututturen dabino a 4-6 kawai ya bayyana a shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kuma a cikin inuwa (karkashin alfarwa) - kawai a 15-20 shekaru. Girma itace gangar jikin yana da wani diamita na 25 santimita.

dabino tushen tsarin ne quite m, amma shi ya auku, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba zurfi ƙwarai. Balagagge shuke-shuke da kara sansanonin da yawa mikawa laterally adventitious asalinsu. Wasu tsire-tsire ne don haka m appendages rufe da akwati up zuwa tsawo na 1 mita.

Da ganyen itatuwan dabino dogon (har zuwa 7 mita), da manyan feathery. A adult shuka a kambi za a iya kidaya 20-40 guda. Amma a kowace shekara a cikin dabino mutu, kuma 25 ganye, sabuwar maye gurbinsu. Manyan ruwan kasa spines rufe da ganye stalks.

Bayan duk na sama, yana da matukar kyau da kuma majestic a cikin bayyanar, wannan ban mamaki man dabino.

'ya'yan

Wannan shi ne na kowa drupe size of kwanan wata. M 'ya'yan da man dabino saman mai rufi fibrous pericarp, da kuma cikin wanda aka located da ɓangaren litattafan almara dauke da man fetur. A karkashin wannan ɓangaren litattafan almara ya rufe a fairly m irin goro harsashi, a ciki na wanda - da zuciyar (ko iri). A karshen kunshi yafi na endosperm, amfrayo da kuma iri ne kananan.

Mai dabino (photo a saman na 'ya'yan itace) ne mai babbar yawan drupes. A taro na kowanne daga abin da yake 55-100 g suna tattara a paniculate inflorescences dauke da duka na daga 1300 zuwa 2300 tayi.

halayyar mai

Palm man da aka samar daga cikin 'ya'yan itace da ɓangaren litattafan almara. Its launi na iya bambanta daga duhu zuwa ga rawaya duhu ja inuwõyinta suna kusa, kuma shi ne yafi amfani a matsayin man shafawa da kuma aiwatar da samar da sabulu.

Palm kwaya mai samar daga cikin kernels daga 'ya'yan itãcen dabĩno. A cewar da kaddarorin da kuma abun da ke ciki shi ne kama da kwakwa da yake sau da yawa amfani maimakon.

Ko da yake wannan man fetur yana da wani narkewa batu na 27 zuwa 30 digiri Celsius, shi ne sau da yawa hõre hydrogenation, da ake amfani a admixture da sauran kayan lambu mai ko ruwa dabam kafin su sami abincin hydrogenated kitse a margarine yi.

Don samar da daya ton na dabĩno mai dole hudu da rabi ton na 'ya'yan itace.

girbi

Mai dabino, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, yana da babban adadin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Tare da wannan duka plantation ma'aikata tara ripened girbi na 2 har zuwa ton (shi ne daga 80 zuwa 100 hõre nunannun) da hannunka a kullum. Ka lura da cewa daya tari kai 25 kg a cikin nauyi. Kuma a cikin kowane daga cikinsu game da ɗari biyu da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Tattara 'ya'yan itace ne da wuya sosai da kuma lokacin cinyewa, saboda ana located a tsawo na hudu-storey gini. Ta yaya ne wannan yi? Ma'aikata hašawa wuƙaƙe na duwatsu zuwa karshen wani extendable iyakacin duniya. Amfani da wadannan haraji felled itatuwa da kuma 'ya'yan da aka tattara tsibi tsibi a bakin hanya. Sa'an nan hõre nunannun fada ga aiki shuka.

girma wuri

A kasashen da zafi sauyin yanayi girma man dabino. Inda aka girma? Akwai Afirka dabino daga irin wannan (Elaeis guieneensis). Ko da yake ta mahaifarsa - wurare masu zafi Afirka (Nigeria), shi ke tsiro a Malaysia, Amurka ta tsakiya da kuma Indonesia.

Akwai kuma wani wuri inda suke girma itacen dabino (jinsin Elaeis melanococca, Acrocomia da Coco Mbocaya) da kuma Kudancin Amirka (musamman, a cikin Paraguay). Raya wannan shuka domin samar da masana'antu da kuma abinci mai.

yawan aiki

Wild-girma man dabino blooms da 'yã'yan kawai a 10-20-th shekara na rayuwa, da kuma musamman horar da shuka fara kai' ya'yan itace a cikin na uku ko hudu bayan shekara dasa.

Da ake samu iyakar da aka kai yana da shekaru 15-18 shekaru, da jimlar rayuwa da m shuke-shuke a kan talakawan daga 80 zuwa 120 shekaru.

A kadan tarihi

Mai daga 'ya'yan wannan ban mamaki amfani shuke-shuke samar daga farkon sau. A lokacin da archaeological tono da aka samu a jug da hujjõji bayyanannu daga dabino man fetur (Afirka binne filaye na ga III Millennium BC. E.).

A namo na dabĩno ne a kan wani m sikelin fara kawai a cikin karni na ashirin. A wannan lokaci, man da 'ya'yan itatuwa sun sha'awar da kamfanin, wanda samar da sabulu da kuma margarine.

Manyan-sikelin namo itatuwa fara a Indonesia a 1911, a Malaysia - a 1919. Har ila yau, ya fara fa] a] a yankin tare da dasa wadannan shuke-shuke a cikin kasashen Afrika.

A halin yanzu, mai dabino - daya daga cikin manyan amfanin gona a duniya, amfani da samar da kayan lambu mai. Bisa kididdigar da, ta fiye da 9 ton miliyan da aka samar a shekarar 1988, da kuma shekara-shekara samarwa ne mafi zama da more.

da yin amfani da

Da mazauni da kansu suke amfani a abinci samu daga drupes freshest man shanu, a wancan lokaci, to, ku ɗanɗani kama gyada. Daga bisani, da dandano da sansana shi canza ba sosai m.

Kullum, mai dabino da ake amfani da quite bambancin: daga zaruruwa na da matasa ganye suna sanya daga igiya, bushe ganye amfani ga sakar mats, labule, Ya sanya daga gare su, kuma don rufin bukkoki. Daga cikin tushe saƙa kwanduna, quite dadi matasa harbe ake amfani da su a abinci (abin da ake kira dabino kabeji), daga ruwan na dabino ruwan inabi aka samar.

A Ingila, da man fetur da ake amfani da su sa mai inji, kuma kyandir shawara.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, shi ya fara girma itacen dabino a Brazil.

A ƙarshe - game da peculiarities na man aikace-aikace

Yana mamaki cewa dabino mai amfani a metallurgy (lubricants for Mills mirgina kuma m. P.) da ake amfani da ma a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci.

Its amfani a samar da Additives, disintegrants, ice cream a masana'antu frying dankalin turawa, kwakwalwan kwamfuta (crisps).

Bugu da kari, shi da ake amfani a yi na kayan shafawa da kuma pharmaceutical kayayyakin. Kuma tun farkon 2000s, dabino mai aka quite rayayye amfani a yi na man shuke-shuken.