Inda a kan taswira ne Lena River? Lena River a kan taswira na Rasha. Ina da kogin gudana a cikin Lena?

Lena River (a kan taswira Rasha, wannan yanayin fasalin tsaye daga kan bango na sauran) shi ne mafi girma a cikin Eastern Siberia. Bugu da kari, shi ne na goma a cikin jerin mafi tsawo na gudãna a duniya. Inda a kan taswira ne Lena River? Ga wasu yankunan na faruwa? Abin da ƙauyuka suna located tare da shi? Wanne daga cikinsu su ne mafi girma? A wannan da kuma wasu abubuwa da za a tattauna daga baya a cikin labarin.

Overview

A yankin a kan taswira inda ne Lena River, hada da dama Rasha yankuna. A musamman, yana daukan wuri a Irkutsk, Amur Region, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk da Transbaikal gefuna, kazalika a Buryatia da Yakutia. Lena River, photos na wanda za ka iya duba sama, shi ne mafi girma a Rasha. Its pool ta'allaka a cikin wannan State. Daga ina suka zo da sunan kogin? An yi imani da cewa tushen karya a cikin Evenki harshen nasa ne da Manchu-Tungus kungiyar. Ya zama majagaba Explorer demid pyanda. Lena River estuary ya kira "Elyuene". Daga bisani, da sunan aka canza da kuma ya kama zamani form.

labarin kasa

Lena River a kan taswira na Rasha ya dubi babban idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwa. A tsawon shi ne game da 4400 km. A kwari yana da wani yanki na 2490 sq. M. m. danganta a kan yanayin da ya kwarara ne uku rabo. A farko tushen hada da kogin Lena (ya katin ne da ake iya gani) kafin Vitim. By ta kawo karshen batu na dangane da Aldan - na biyu sashe. Ƙananan ɓangare na uku - daga Aldan zuwa wurin da kogin empties cikin Lena (wannan ne Laptev Sea).

babba Hakika

Yana shi ne yankin a kan taswira inda ne Lena River, ya hada da wani iri-iri yanayin siffofin da suke da takamaiman zuwa yankin. A musamman, ya kwarara fara daga tafkin, dake kusa da Lake Baikal (bakwai kilomita). An located a tsawon 1470 m. A 1997, 19 Agusta, inda Lena River fãra, da ɗakin sujada da aka gina. A dukan babba rabo, Ina nufin zahiri da na uku na kwarara gudanar a dutsen tsawon Predbajkale. A fannin Kirenska ruwa amfani Averages 1,100 cubic mita. m / sec.

da talakawan ga

Wannan bangare na kogin hada da kashi tsakanin Vitim da Aldan. Its tsawon - game da 1415 kilomita. Kusa da mahaɗar tsakãninsu wuri Vitim Lena motsa a cikin ƙasa na Yakutia. Yana da yake a cikin filin don ta sosai karshen. By al'amurra da wani Vitim kogin Lena (a kan taswira Rasha wannan yanki shi ne a fili a bayyane) ya zama wani iko high-ruwa ya kwarara. Zurfin a cikin wannan sashe kara har zuwa 10-12 mita, da tashar haka ya dada tsere, akwai da yawa tsibirin. A kogin kwarin haka ya dada tsere zuwa 20-30 kilomita. Shi ne asymmetrical: dama gangara ne dan kadan mafi girma da kuma steeper. Ya aka wakilta arewacin iyakar Patom tsaunuka. Hagu - mafi m. A duka biyu gangara tsiro a lokacin farin ciki Pine gandun daji, a wasu wurare, revocable makiyaya. The sashe daga Olekma har Aldana kogin Lena yana da wani gagarumin aikin gandu. Fiye da ɗari biyar kilomita, yankan Prilenskoye Filato, rafi ya wuce ta wata kunkuntar da kuma zurfin kwarin, wanda aka saka a cikin farar ƙasa. Just a kasa, da Pokrovsk kogin shiga filayen yankin. A sakamakon haka, kwarin haka ya dada tsere sharply, kuma ya kwarara gudu ne ragae saukar da yawa. Yana ba ya wuce 1.3 mita da biyu (a yawancin - 0.5-0.7 m / sec.). Da nisa daga cikin floodplain, duk da haka, ya kai 5-7, da kuma a wasu wurare - 15 kilomita, da dukan kwarin matsayin dukan - da kuma 20 km fadi.

nisa da tushe

Just a kasa Yakutsk a cikin kogin kwarara ne biyu main aikin gandu - Viluy da Aldan. A wannan lokaci da ya kwarara zama wata katuwar. Ko da a cikin wani wuri inda akwai daya kawai tashar, da nisa daga sama zuwa goma kilomita kuma zurfin - fiye da 16-20 mita. A tsibirin na Lena ta zama har zuwa 20-30 km. Akwai sosai 'yan ƙauyuka - kusan yashe tudu. Lower hanya ne halin da kunkuntar pool. A gabashin ɓangare na inganta reshe na Verkhoyansk Range - da watershed na Lena, kuma Yana. A gefen yamma ne kadan elevations na tsakiya Siberian Plateau. Sun raba Olenek kuma Lena. Just a kasa tare da. Bulun matsa rafi dace da shi sosai kusa jeri: a gabas - Haraulah, yamma - Czekanowski. Aƙalla 150 kilomita daga Laptev kara m Lena kogin yankin Neja Delta.

hydrology

Data a kan vodoraskhodu a bakin Lena ne da sabanin bisa ga daban-daban kafofin. Sau da yawa, har ma a cikinsu za a iya samu rashin daidaito. A rashin tabbas ne Littafi da gaskiya cewa kogin yana da babban Delta da kuma da yawa ducts. A wannan ƙasa da dama pool sashe, wanda yanki - 60 dubu sq. M. km. Daban-daban kimomi da ya kwarara daga ruwa a shekara, a cikin kewayon 489 zuwa 542 sq. km. Wannan yayi dace da wani talakawan shekara-shekara da kwarara a karshen da ya kwarara daidaita 15 500-17 175 M3 / na biyu.

Kamar yadda babban ikon wannan rabo ne, a gaskiya, mafi yawan aikin gandu, kuma narke yi ruwan sama da ruwa. Rasit na ruwan karkashin kasa albarkatun hampered da tartsatsi permafrost cikin catchment. The kawai togiya ne geothermal.

Yanayi canje-canje a cikin matakin da ruwa ya kwarara

Domin kogi ne halin da wasu quite high ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin rani, spring ambaliyar ruwa da kuma low ruwa lokaci a cikin kaka-hunturu lokaci (har zuwa 366 M3 / s). All Manuniya a kan ruwa amfani dogara a kan na kowa yanayin hazo. A lokacin da spring ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin Yuni har zuwa 40% magudana, daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba - 91%. A bakin most ruwa amfani a kan talakawan da watan da aka rajista, a 1989, da shekara. Sa'an nan a watan Yuni, shi ya 104 000 M3 / na biyu. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a yankin na kogin karshen matsakaicin kwarara iya wuce 200 000 M3 / s.

kankara gwamnatin

A kogi ne mafi yawa a yankunan da mutuncin yanayin damina. Kwarara bambanta daga wasu da iko cunkoso kankara da kankara gwamnatin a general. Winter sanyi sosai, tare da kadan snow da kuma dogon. Ice da aka kafa lokacin farin ciki da karfi a karkashin wadannan yanayi. Spring kankara gantali ne halin high ƙarfi. Wort daskararre tubalan da kuma ambaliya sararin yankunan - isasshen m sabon abu ga Lena. Spring ambaliyar farko (a karshen Afrilu) An yi bikin a cikin Kirensk gundumar - a cikin sama ya kai. A hankali motsi zuwa arewa, da ya kwarara zo da mafi untroubled a cikin kankara na kogin. Kafin nisa da tushe zube kai game da tsakiyar watan Yuni. A wannan lokacin, da ruwa lẽƙãwa a low matakin na 6-8 mita, da kuma a cikin nisa da tushe dawo iya isa 18 m.

Inflows

Yankin inda taswirar ne Lena River, ya hada da wani jam'i na ruwa gudana. Suna fada a cikin tashar. Daga cikin aikin gandu ya kamata a kasaftawa Tea, Big Pat, Kuta, Vitim Viluy, Olekma, Aldan, matasa, jin, Kirenga, Lunghu, The Bear. Wasu daga cikin su ne quite manyan. Wata irin wannan ne, misali, Batamay. A talakawan amfani a bakinsa - 5060 M3 / s, da pool yanki - 729 000 sq. km. Hudu main tributary - Vitim, Aldan, kuma Olekma Viluy - fili tsaya daga gare ta size, da sauransu.

shipping

Lena River a kan taswira na Rasha da aka kewaye a wasu wuraren quite manyan abubuwa. Daga gare su, da ƙauyuka da cewa suna da wani musamman bond darajar. Ba dole ne a ce cewa kogi har yau ne babbar shipping jijiya Yakutsk. Wannan kai line danganta fannin batun tare da sauran yankuna na tarayya muhimmanci. Bisa ikon Allah Lena kwashe girma na "shigo da arewa." An yi imani da cewa ginshiƙin gada Kachug - fara shipping. Duk da haka, daga tashar jiragen ruwa Osetrovo cirewa ne kawai kananan tasoshin. Just a kasa garin Ust-Kut da kuma zuwa ga mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Vitim yana daukan quite mai yawa hadaddun sassa shipping wurare da kuma gwada da kananan yankunan. Don inganta sufuri da sadarwa a wurin aiki a shekara, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar dredging. Navigation ne da za'ayi daga 125 zuwa 170 days.

ƙauyuka

Ya kamata a ce cewa yankin, ta hanyar da kogin gudana, sanaki gwada da rauni. Akwai birane shida. The most ne, ba shakka, Yakutsk, ko da yake yawan al'ummarta - kadan fiye da 300 da mutane dubu. A birnin da aka kafa a 1632, da shekara.

A mafi tsufa birnin a kan Lena dauke Kirensk. Yana da aka kafa a 1630. Distance tsakanin kwaminonin janar (sai dai ga yankin kusa da Yakutsk inda a can ne mai gwada high yawan yawa) na iya kai da dama da ɗari kilomita. A wannan yanayin, a kan ƙasa yada taiga. Sau da yawa sosai za ka iya samun watsi da kauyuka, da kuma kauyuka. Lokaci-lokaci akwai wucin gadi sansanin ƙauyuka. Daga cikin wuraren tarihi na wasiƙa Zhigansk. Yana da aka kafa a 1632, shekara, da kuma daga 1783 har zuwa 1805 th da matsayi na County gari.

Wani tarihi wuri - Sottintsy. Ga Lenin ta gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye na tarihi da kuma gine "Friendship". Sottintsy - da wuri na asali kafuwar Yakutsk.

tattalin arziki muhimmanci

A Lena River an dauki daya daga cikin cleanest a duniya. Cikin kogin da aka ba su canja ba ta wurin wani mutum. Don kwanan wata, tare da kogin, akwai wani dams, samar da wutar lantarki da sauran wurare. A yankunan bã zaunannu ba, wadda mutum, za ka iya sha ruwa mike daga rafi. Saboda gaskiya cewa tare da shakka ba mai yawa ƙauyuka, tattalin arziki da aiki ba halin da babban tsanani. Dauke da most tashar jiragen ruwa birane kamar Yakutsk, Lensk, Kirensk sturgeon.

Kare Mahalli

Yi la'akari da matsayin da sakamakon bincike da masana kimiyya daga kasashe daban-daban (University of Alaska, da National Center for Faransa Nazarin, Institute of Rasha Academy of Sciences), da mummunan tasiri a kan kwarara Jihar ɗumamar duniya na iya shafar. A zafin jiki a yankin inda kogi ne tsallake a cikin wintertime zuwa saba'in digiri. Kamar wancan permafrost Layer ta'allaka ne a wani rabin kilomita. Kamar yadda masana kimiyya, da yanayi zazzabi a lokacin karshe, shekara arba'in, ya tashi da wani talakawan na hudu digiri. Kuma ba tare da wannan isasshe mai tsanani ambaliyar ruwa ana samun ƙarfi daga shekara zuwa shekara. Wannan shi ne tareda žata ga tekun jihar. Bugu da ƙari, akwai motsi tsibiran da nisa da tushe. By 2009, da shekara da kudi a da zuriya da suka kai ashirin da bakwai mita a kowace shekara.