Avachinsky. Halaye da kuma tarihi.

Ba da nisa daga yankin tsakiyar Kamchatka Krai mamaye wannan rashin tsoro dutsen kira avachinsky. Yana za a iya ganin haka a fili daga birnin Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Yana samu da sunan da saboda kogin Avacha gudãna kusa da ƙafa.

Janar halaye

Avachinsky (Avacha aman wuta) - daya daga cikin aiki volcanoes na Kamchatka. Conical, tsawo ne 2741 mita saman teku matakin. Yana nufin da Somma-Vesuvius irin. Wannan ne classic, kuma ake kira biyu a matsayin matasa mazugi hadedde a cikin mafi tsoho. A diamita bakin dutse mai aman wuta Avacha ne game da 400 mita. Height gabashin aman wuta tushe kai 2300 mita. Kasa tsarawa: 53,15 Arewa latitud, 158,51 gabas longitude. Avachinsky a kan taswira aka located kusa da Pacific Coast da kuma ba da nisa daga Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

The sama na aman wuta ya rufe gleiser. Ice da kuma firn hankali slide saukar zuwa kafa. A kan gangara girma rarrafe itacen al'ul, da na dutse Birch. A gindin tashar aka located volcanologists na Rasha Academy of Sciences, don su bincika data kasance MDM Kamchatka volcanoes.

aman wuta samuwar

Tsarin aman wuta Avachinskiy kafa hankali a lokacin da wani dogon lokaci. Ilminsa da aka je 30 shekara dubu. A farkon wannan tsari da dama a kan Pleistocene. Game da 11 shekara dubu da suka wuce akwai wani iko da fashewa cewa kafa Somme tuddai. A wannan catastrophic eruptions a cikin kusanci da wata aman wuta Avachinskiy jefa game da 12 cubic kilomita volcanic dutse. A diamita na Somme kafa a kan 4 kilomita.

Daga bisani alternated da sauran lokaci m eruptions, ta samar da jikin wani aman wuta. Modern mazugi na Avacha fara girma game 5 millennia da suka wuce.

A shigowa karni na ashirin da

Avachinsky - aman wuta, aiki, da kuma 6 eruptions da aka rubuta a cikin karni na karshe. A penultimate tada faru a shekarar 1945. Pillar ash sa'an nan da ake tãyar da mai tsawo na game da kilomita 8, sannan a sake saukar da gangara kuma evaporating muhimmi snow. An ash girgije aka riddled da yawa walƙiya. Sa'an nan ya tashi volcanic bama-bamai, wanda ya kai tsawo na kilometer. Gul shigowa kai Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, inda a lokacin da duniya aka girgiza kuma rattling jita-jita da kuma tabarau. A Layer na ash a wasu wuraren kai ƙafãfu biyu, aka rufe hanya, ya kashe da yawa da ciyayi. Ba tare da bazuwar shafa.

Janairu 13, 1991 shi ne na karshe zuwa ranar, wani volcanic shigowa. Kuma shi ne bayan shekaru 46 na rashin himma. The tsari da aka biyu fairly manyan fashewa, da kuma tashi lawa bakin dutse na farko cike sa'an nan cika da kudancin mazugi.

A halin yanzu jihar na aman wuta

Somme (tushe) Avachinskii folded basalt da andesite kankara da mazugi - kawai basalt.

Idan falke har zuwa na karshe bakin dutse kama wani kwano, da sakamakon abin da ya faru a cikin shekarar 1991 shigowa, bakin dutse da aman wuta da aka yanzu shãfe haske avachinsky lawa marufi. A ra'ayi na volcanologists, wannan yana nufin cewa na gaba shigowa za a tare da wani iko fashewa. A toshe qunshi wani fumarole cewa lokaci zuwa lokaci emit Lagwani tururi da kuma gas. Lawa filin kullum hovers a saman wani karfi wari da hydrogen sulfide. Za ka iya yi tuntuɓe cikin guda na crystalline sulfur. Saboda ciki dumama marufi sags kadan, don haka da motsi na lawa filin unaccompanied volcanologists, babban mai tsanani barazana.

yawon shakatawa abu

A farko a tarihi rubuce hawan tudu da aka sanya Yuli 14, 1824 wani rukuni na matafiya a cikin wadannan abun da ke ciki: G. Zivald, E. Hoffmann, E. Lenz. Uku masu bincike sun iya ba kawai a gudanar da wani tashin masu aman wuta avachinsky, amma kuma dauki dutse samfurori ga binciken.

A halin yanzu, da dama dubu yawon bude ido a kowace shekara bi hanyar bincike ganowa Avacha aman wuta. Musamman rare Avachinskii tsakanin sauran daidai da kyau volcanoes na Kamchatka, saboda da amfani. Bugu da kari ya zama avachinsky kusa a wuri to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (kasa da nisan kilomita 30), saman hau ba ya bukatar wani hawa kayan aiki ko horo na musamman. Daga kafar zuwa saman dutsen deben sawu putpo wanda ya ci nasara da talakawan matafiyi for 6-8 hours. Bugu da kari, musamman tsara ( "Avacha") is located a gaban Yunƙurin a kan tudu. Yi tafiya zuwa ƙwanƙolin duwatsu zo a cikin lokaci Afrilu-Disamba (lokaci mafi kyau - watan Yuli da Agusta) a arewa maso yammacin ɓangare na mazugi.

hatsari rigakafin

Duk da wajen sauki da yanayin da hawan avachinsky (alama sawu, sanye take a cikin mafi wuya sassan na igiya handrail), ba shi yiwuwa a yi watsi da sauki aminci dokoki, kamar yadda wannan zai iya sa unwary yawon bude ido zuwa mutuwa.

Avacha aman wuta a cikin tarihi na hawa, kuma yana da lokuta da mutuwar. Irin wannan hali ya faru Yuni 20, 1968. Wannan rana da aka sosai unfavorable yanayi na dagawa. Akwai wani karfi da iska, da saman dutsen girgije rufe. Duk da wannan, ba a sani ba tare da hanya zane, biyu Birnin Leningrad, yawon bude ido ya fara hawa. Iced gangara karfi. Duk da yake matafiya kuma suna da wani ice-gatura, suka sami ikon rike uwa da mazugi na aman wuta. Suna mugun lalace da kuma daskararre aka gano gawarwakin ne kawai a cikin kwana biyu a gindin dutsen.