A ɓangaren da Kudancin Amirka. Description na ɓangaren da na Kudancin Amirka

A zamanin da, South America ya kasance wani ɓangare na sauran ƙasar talakawa. Bayan su tsaga, da kuma shiga wani hali zuwa kudu maso yammacin babban yankin na dogon lokaci wanzu a ware su daga sauran duniya. Up har farkon XX karni, nahiyoyin biyu a Hemisphere ta Yamma shiga cikin Isthmus of Panama. Sa'an nan, da shi da aka aza ta hanyar mai taken navigable tashar. Sun fi mayar da zamani look ba kawai kayyade ɓangaren da na Kudancin Amirka (SOEs) da Sashen tsarin, amma kuma kokarin da yawan jama'a.

Janar bayani game da nahiyar Kudancin Amirka. Tamanin da ƙasa

A ƙasa na nahiyar (ciki har da m tsibiran) - shi ne miliyan 18 km ² (hudu yankin) .. A zamanin da karfi tectonic tremors sa ƙasar division da kuma Kudancin Amurka faranti shiga wani hali na tafi zuwa yamma - a cikin shugabanci na Nazca farantin. A sakamakon wannan counter-motsi ya zama mai iko karo iri-iri lithosphere, forming folded duwãtsu (Andes). A sauyin yanayi ya zama warmer, ya canza kan Amazon, akwai wani karfi eutrophication da overgrowing na rigar impenetrable gandun daji na kwarin a cikin tsakiyar da kuma ƙananan ya kai. Saboda da m wuri a cikin kwayoyin duniya na kudancin Amirka, ya zauna wadan da relict jinsunan shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Description na ɓangaren da na Kudancin Amirka za ta taimaka wa fahimta wanda dalilai ne hukunci ga samuwar na zamani da sauyin yanayi da kuma halitta yankunan, ayyukan da yawan jama'a.

A ɓangaren da Kudancin Amirka. shirin

A siffar nahiyar ne kama da digo, da tip na wadda ke fuskantar da Antarctic Larabawa da kuma Kudu iyakacin duniya. Wide tushe ne located arewa na ekweita, kuma a cikin subtropics - kunkuntar part. babban yankin SE canja halayyar hada da babban abubuwa na wurinta a kan duniya da kuma shata m Gwargwadon fasali. Yi da wadannan matakai:

1. Bincika halin da ake ciki game da ekweita, Firayim Meridian.
2. Ƙayyade da tsarawa daga mafi muni, wãtau arewacin, daga kudanci, yammacin da kuma gabashin maki.
3. A takaice bayyana da bakinta, wanke babban yankin teku, da most teku straits da bays.

Description na ɓangaren da na Kudancin Amirka

The girma na nahiyar dake kudu da daidaici 0 ° (ekweita), da kuma a arewacin latitudes - wani karamin yanki. Meridian 0 ° wuce ta wurin wannan nahiyar.

A ɓangaren da na Kudancin Amirka a latitud:

• 12 ° C. w. - Punta Gallinas m kan arewa.
• 54 ° S. w. . - m Frouord a kudancin gabar nahiyar.
• 56 ° S. w. - tsibirin batu - M Diego Ramirez a kudu ..

A ɓangaren da na Kudancin Amirka a longitude - da lura na biyu matsananci maki a gabas da yamma:

• Na 35 °. d - m Cabo Branco...
• Na 81 °. d - m. Punta Pariñas ..

10 ° layi daya nesa a kasar ya kai 4655 km da kuma 5150 km - shi ne mafi girma latitudinal size na nahiyar kudancin Amurka. Matsayi game da ekweita na ƙasa - 5 ° S. w.

A halin da bakinta

A yammacin gefe na nahiyar da tekun Pacific da kuma ta sanyi Peru halin yanzu. Shi ne dan kadan indented ɓangare na Coast. A nan ne mafi girma da kuma mafi m dutsen jeri na Andes. Kudancin Amirka da kuma Antarctica hannun jari mashigar, wadda aka mai suna bayan da na da ɗan fashin teku Francis Drake. Ruwa surface lullube for 460 kilomita daga Atlantic da Pacific. Da nisa daga cikin mashigar ne daga 818 zuwa 1120 km, ta zurfin -. Daga 276 zuwa 5249 m Kasa wuri na nahiyar kudancin Amurka a kusa da Antarctica kai ga matsananci yanayi a kudancin nahiyar, a cikin mashigar na Magellan da kuma tsibiran na tarin tsiburai na Tierra del Fuego. A yanayin da Falkland Islands (Malvinas) ne ya shafi kudancin iyakacin duniya yankin. A gabas Coast an wanke ta Atlantic, a arewa - Caribbean Sea.

Columbus ta tafiya

A Girkanci taswirori da zane Talomi nahiyoyi a Hemisphere ta Yamma da aka ba amfani. Akwai da dama daga Legends, kuma shiriritar dangane da shaida game da tafiya zuwa ga tsibiran da tekun na Amirka, da tsoho mutanen Eurasia (da Phoenicians, da Masarawa, Vikings), da mazaunan Oceania. Masana kimiyya da kuma matafiya da lokaci da shawarar cewa akwai wani yammacin hanya zuwa ga masu arziki kasashen Gabas. Kasa matsayi na kudancin Amirka, ya sa shafe tsawon kadaici da nahiyar daga Old World, ta talauci fahimta ba sai da XV karni. A wannan lokacin, da Turawa suka fara shirya a da kuma gano America. Explorer kuma ciniki Hristofor Kolumb karkashin tutar da Spanish kambi har sau hudu (1492-1504) ya ziyarci New World. Domin da farko lokacin da ya tafi yanã zuwa yamma a kai na a kananan jiragen ruwa na sailing - nemi guntu hanya zuwa India. A lokacin balaguro na daya daga cikin Antilles da aka bude. A watan Agusta 1498, Columbus jirãge shiga bakin Orinoco, farko da ci daga nahiyar ta Turai. Explorer, da saukowa a unknown Coast, ya tabbatar da cewa ya kai Indiya. Yan asali mutane tare da wani haske hannun Columbus zama da aka sani da Indians.

Brief bayanai game da mulkin mallaka na nahiyar da Turawa

Amerigo Vespucci gane abu na farko da cewa Columbus ya gano ba a sani ba ƙasar. A girmamawa ga m shawara navigator kudancin nahiyar fara da za a kira America (1507). Vespucci ziyarci America sau da yawa a rayuwarsa. Ya sanya maps kuma aka bayyana su. Domin da karni biyu, da Spain da kuma Portugal sun ƙware sarari a tsakiya da kudancin sassa. Suna tuba a cikin kango na wani tsoho Indian birni, gina wayewar na Incas, Aztecs da Mayans. Domin manyan-sikelin mulkin mallaka na South America zo daga Yaren Kasar Larabawa a cikin XVI karni da aka shiga ta Faransa, Turanci da kuma Yaren mutanen Holland. Navigators skirted nahiyar zurfi cikin Jungle tsakiyar rabo a cikin taska farauta Eldorado, da kuma ruwa Madogararsa daruyuschego madawwami matasa. Balaguro haura Andes vertices haura, suka sauka a cikin Amazon, Parana, sauran koguna. Almara Spanish nasara F. Orellana haye nahiyar (1542), iyo saukar da Amazon daga kafofin a cikin Andes har zuwa yankin Neja Delta a kan Atlantic Coast.

Nazarin a kudancin Amirka, (XVII-XX)

Jamus geographer Alexander von Humboldt a lokacin da bincike expeditions sanya wani cikakken taswirar nahiyar, teku igiyoyin a ta yammacin gaba. Sai ya fara samo darajar sanyi gudana ta samar da Andes sauyin yanayi, tsawo da aka bayyana zonation ciyayi da kuma zafi (tare da Bafaranshe E. Bonplanom). Na yi nazarin yanayin South America a cikin XIX karni sanannen Birtaniya halittu Charles Darwin. Sauraron yadda ake gudanar da sabon abu dabbobi Galapagos volcanic tsibirin sun jagoranci bincike da ra'ayin na juyin kwayoyin. Rasha masana kimiyya G. Langsdorf kuma N. Rubtsov diddigin a cikin XIX karni, da ciki na Brazil tsaunuka. Balaguro gangarawa Voeikov A. kuma N. Vavilov karatu cibiyoyin asalin da kuma yada muhimmanci noma amfanin gona (1932-1933).

A bambancin da nahiyar yanayi

A cikin ta Kudu Amurka nahiyar, akwai gagarumin bambanci na halitta, saboda da dama dalilai. A mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu - da adadin da hasken rana radiation, wanda ya dogara a kan latitud. A cikin babban yankin da yanayin tasiri:

• Gwargwadon wuri a kudancin Amirka.
• girman da ƙasa;
• wurare dabam dabam na yanayi.
• zagayenta tekuna.
• dumi da kuma sanyi ya kwarara.
• tamkar surface (duwãtsu, tuddanta, Hamada).

A kudancin Amirka, ba haka ba ne bushe sauyin yanayi, kamar a Afirka. Mun jera babban zone (arewa zuwa kudu): Equatorial, na wurare masu zafi da kuma temperate, tsaka - sub-Equatorial kuma subtropical.

ƙarshe

Halaye na ɓangaren da na Kudancin Amirka - wani muhimmin kashi cikin binciken nahiyar. A zamanin da da babban yankin da aka ba a wannan bangare na Duniya, wanda yanzu ya mamaye. Ya tafi dogon hanya - daga bangaren Pangea da Gondwana zuwa yanzu ma'aunan kasa epoch.

Nahiyar da aka located in Western Hemisphere, mafi yawa - kudu da ekweita. Don yamma ne wani dutse bel - da Andes. Kusa da tekun shi wuce da wuriyar, sakamakon daga karo na biyu tubalan na lithosphere. A wannan yankin, akwai aiki volcanoes, hallakaswa da raurawar asa faruwa, complicating da rayuwa da kuma aiki da yawan jama'a.

Modern babban yankin mazauna - zuriyar Indians, Spanish da Portuguese nasara, bayi kawo yi aiki a kan plantations. A duka jama'ar na kasashe 12 na nahiyar fiye da 380 miliyan. Man. A nahiyar shi ne mai arziki a gani, daga gare su - da mafi dutse kololuwa, waterfalls, kango na zamanin d birane, da yawa wasu abubuwa na cikin gida da kuma na kasa da kasa yawon shakatawa.