Halaye na geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus. Territory, yawan jama'a, da monetary naúrar na kasar

Belarus - ne a jihar located a Gabashin Turai. Da karkararta aka located a cikin kogin daruna kamar Yammacin Dvina da Dnepr, Neman kuma Bug. A arewa maso gabashin kasar da kuma gabas yankunan Belarus da kuma Rasha Federation, kudancin - Ukraine, Western - tare da Lithuania da kuma Poland, da kuma arewa maso yammacin - tare da Latvia.

Wannan jiha wakiltar sararin expanses na filayen dasa tare da hatsi da amfanin gona, flax, dankali. Known kasar Belovezhskaya Pushcha da sararin wuraren dausayi cewa Napoleon da zarar ya kira ta biyar rabi.

zama jiha

A cikin ƙasa, inda a yanzu shi ne Belarus, a cikin 10-13 karnoni akwai Turov, Polotsk da kuma wasu sauran sarauta. Dukan su kasance wani ɓangare na Kievan Rus. Shi ne mai irin na da tarayya, a cikin abin da aminci tsakanin shugabannin da aka kafa bisa suzerainty-vassalage.

Daga tsakiyar goma sha uku karni, wannan halin da ake ciki ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje. A biyar da rabi ƙarni, wannan ƙasa ya zama wani ɓangare na Grand Duchy na Lithuania.

Bugu da ari, ƙasar da aka subordinated da Rasha Empire ba tare da samuwar da statehood.
25.03.1918 A farkon wani sabon mataki a cikin tarihin kasar. Wannan rana da aka ayyana a bourgeois-demokra] iyya jihar - da Belarushiyanci National Jamhuriyar. Duk da haka, duk da irin wannan babbar matsayi, kasar da ta kundin tsarin mulki, ta sojoji da kuma bayyana iyakoki. Kamar haka, yankin ba za a iya gane da cikakken fledged jihar.

Kawai na farko a watan Janairu na shekarar 1918, dangane da samuwar Byelorussian SSR, kasar ta da nasa kundin tsarin mulki, da kuma ikon mayar da hankali a hannun wakilai.

27.07.1990, Belarus ayyana mulkin. Bisa ga tsarin mulki na Jamhuriyar yau, shugaban na ta zartarwa ne shugaban kasar, kamar yadda mafi girma majalisu jiki - Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa.

independency

Halaye na Jamhuriyar Belarus geopolitical halin da ake ciki canja da cika fuska bayan da ake kira Cold War. Wannan wani lokaci idan akwai wani rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma daina wanzuwa cikin Warsaw yarjejeniyar Organization. Tun shekarar 1991, cikin tarihin Jamhuriyar Belarus - shine labarin wani zaman kanta a jihar da gagarumin albarkatun, kazalika da soja da kuma tattalin arziki.

Kasar a kan taswira

Ƙimar na geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus da aka nasaba, ta Gwargwadon matsayi. A} asar da za a iya samu a cikin sosai cibiyar na Turai, a tsakiyar ɓangare na Eurasian nahiyar. A tsawon Belarus daga arewacin zuwa kudancin kan iyakar ne 560 kilomita. A cikin shugabanci daga gabas zuwa yamma ƙasa na kasar kadan more. Wannan nesa ne 600 km.

A Jamhuriyar Belarus da aka kewaye da wani isasshe iko da kuma m kasashen. A tsawon gẽfunanta ne 2.969 km, ciki har da:

• Poland - 399 km.
• Latvia - 143 km.
• Ukraine - 975 km.
• Lithuania - 162 km.
• tare da Rasha - 990 km.

A kimantawa da m geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus da aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi kuma wuri na babban birnin kasar - birnin Minsk. Daga shi zuwa:

• Moscow - 700 km.
• Vilnius - 215 km.
• Kiev - 580 km.
• Warsaw - 550 km.
• Riga - 470 km.
• Vienna - 1,300 km.
• Berlin - 1060 km.

Rawar da kasashe makwabta

Location a lokaci mai tsawo ci gaba da kuma shiri na Turai ta tanadi cewa wani babban kimantawa da geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus. A wannan yanayin, wani muhimmin al'amari ga ci gaban tattalin arziki na kasar ne m unguwa. Amurka cewa wani bangare ne na ciki da'irar Belarus, da m tasiri a kan ci gaban ta kasa da tattalin arziki.

Musamman muhimmanci ga Jamhuriyar ne unguwa tare da tsakiya da kuma arewa maso yammacin yankuna na Rasha. Wannan sosai raya tattalin arziki yankuna da a kan wanda ƙasa fi mai da hankali mai yawa da sinadarai, kayan aiki, yadi da sauran masana'antu a hankali alaka kama kasuwanci a Belarus. Bugu da kari, da Jamhuriyar Belarus zuwa Rasha - mafi kusa da haka mafi riba a tattalin arziki da sharuddan maroki, kai kayayyakin zuwa manyan birane kamar Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg.

Poland zuwa Belarus a matsayin contiguous jihar kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban tattalin arziki. A dangantaka da yammacin maƙwabcinsa dogara sun fi mayar a kan hadewa da Turai al'umma. Ya kamata a tuna cewa Belarus da kuma Poland suna da nasaba ba kawai ga kowa iyaka. Kasashen biyu suna da yawa kowa tarihi da kuma ethnographic asalinsu.

kai sadarwa

A kimantawa da geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus da daraja ambata cewa wannan ƙasar ne nahiyar. Shi ne a kan jerin goma sha bakwai kasashen duniya cewa ba su da damar kai tsaye zuwa teku hanyoyi. Hakika, wannan shi ne bayyananne hasara. Duk da haka, yana da kyau a biya diyya ta da raya kogin tsarin, located a kan ƙasa na kasar. Bugu da kari, jagorancin Belarus ne rayayye ta yin amfani da nan kusa teku tashoshin jiragen ruwa a kasashe makwabta. Daga gare su, Gdansk, kuma Kaliningrad, Klaipeda da Ventspils. Duk wadannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ake located a nesa daga 250 zuwa 350 kilomita daga jihar kan iyakoki na Belarus.

Yaba da geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus da kuma ba saboda da cewa shi da iyaka tare da makwabtan jihohin gudu fadin flatland. Shi ne babbar bukata kafun ga halittar amfani-friendly hanyoyi, a halin yanzu amfani ga ci gaban huldar cinikaiya ba kawai da ke makwabtaka da kasar, amma kuma tare da sauran kasashe a nahiyar Asiya da Turai.

Ya kamata a ce cewa daya daga cikin mafi m al'amurran da ɓangaren da na Belarus ne mai wucewa. Godiya ga ta, kasar ketare babban adadin kasuwanci, al'adu, da tattalin arziki da hanyar sadarwa. Wannan al'amari yana da kyau sakamako a kan ci gaban tattalin arziki na Jamhuriyar.

Ya kamata a ce mun san daga tarihi na hanyar "daga Vikings ga Helenawa" rassansa rufe kusan dukan halin yanzu yankin kasar. Yau, akwai bude farfajiyoyi, wanda ya yi kasa da kasa da lambobi tare da Belarus jihohi, Ukraine, Rasha da kuma Poland. Yi amfani da makwabtaka da kasar da kuma domin yin lamba tare da juna da kuma da sauran jihohi. Yana wuce ta Belarus ɓangare na transcontinental Railway irin. Yana crosses dukan na Eurasia.

Belarus - a kasar, inda da sufuri faruwa kusan hamsin bisa dari na makamashi wadata, famfo na gas da ruwa da man fetur bututun daga Rasha zuwa masu amfani da a Yammacin Turai. A wannan batun, da Jamhuriyar Belarus yana da wani gagarumin tattalin arziki amfani.

Duk da haka, a irin wannan geopolitical amfani ne ba ko da yaushe m. Da yake a tsakiyar Turai, Belarus ya sau da yawa kasance cikin ƙasa, inda cikin bukatun da ta fi iko makwabta. A cikin shekaru uku ƙarni, da yawa yaƙe-yaƙe kawo ta sararin halaka da kuma nauyi asarar. Ba abin mamaki ba da babban rana ta Belarus a lokacin da kasar ke bukin samun 'yancin kai a kowace shekara da dama a kan Yuli 3. Wannan ne kwanan Minsk da aka 'yanci daga Jamus invaders a lokacin da za'ayi ta Soviet sojojin a lokacin rani na 1944, da aiki "Bagration".

The girman da ƙasa

A fannin Belarus ne 207,6 dubu murabba'in kilomita. Wannan al'amari dole ne a ambata a lokacin da kimantawa da ribobi da fursunoni na geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus. Domin ta size kasar ne a ranar goma sha uku wuri a cikin jerin fiye da arba'in kasashen Turai. Wannan shi ne 2.1% na yankin da dukan Turai.

Domin ta size wuce ƙasar yankin na Belarus Austria, Portugal, Girka da kuma Netherlands. Yana za a iya kwatanta ta da UK, located a 244,1 dubu sq. Km, kuma tare da Romania, wanda bautarka 237,5 dubu sq. M. km. Amma ga Baltic jihohi, su yankin, har ma a tara kasa da a Belarus, 1.2 sau.

mazauna

Bayyana da siffofin wanda shi ne halayyar da geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus, ba shi yiwuwa, kuma ba tare da ya ambaci da yawan jama'ar. Kamar yadda yawan mazauna Jamhuriyar Belarus ne a kan goma sha huɗu wuri a Turai. Ya kamata ka ce cewa yawan jama'a na Belarus a lambobin girma:

• 1.3 fiye da sau a cikin Baltic kasashen.
• 2 sau fi a Denmark ko Finland.

The yawan Belarus cikin sharuddan lambobi ne kama da yawa kasashen Turai. Su jerin hada da Hungary da kuma Belgium, Portugal da kuma Girka, {asar Yugoslavia, da kuma Jamhuriyar Czech.

The yawan yawa da murabba'in kilomita, kasar talakawan ne a cikin kewayon 48,4 mutum. Shi ne kusa da wannan nuna alama a Ireland (mutane 51), kazalika da Bosnia da Herzegovina (54 mutane). Dan kadan m fiye da yawa daga cikin jama'ar na Belarus zuwa Lithuania, inda 56 mutane da murabba'in kilomita. Game da kasashen tsakiya da gabashin Turai, suna da a wannan batun ne gagarumin bambance-bambance. Alal misali, a Poland yawa daga 124 mutane. / Sq. km, a Jamhuriyar Czech - 131, yayin da a Slovakia - 110.

National abun da ke ciki na Belarus ne in mun gwada kama. Yana azama ga barga ci gaban kasar. Bisa ga ƙidaya gudanar a 1999, abun da ke ciki na mazaunan da aka wakilta:

• Belarusians - 81,2%.
• Rasha - 11,4%.
• Dogayen sanda - 3.9%.
• Ukrainians - 2.1%.
• Yahudawa - 0.1% da kuma sauran 'yan tsiraru.

Jihar harsuna a Jamhuriyar biyu. Shi ne Rasha da kuma Belarushiyanci. Duk da haka, da tarihi na jihar ya bar ta kafu daram lamba a kan da yawa. Abin da harshen fi son don sadarwa Belarus? Table sanya a kasa, ya nuna a fili cewa, a wannan kasa, kana iya jin Rasha magana.

rundunar sojojin

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da ake bukata don ci gaba mai dorewa na Belarus - m management na kare manufofin shan la'akari da bukatun da sauran al'ummai. Yana da daraja yana cewa kamar yadda na 1995, da kasar shi ne daya daga cikin mafi yan bindiga a duniya. Wannan yana da wani banbanci a kan geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus. Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet jihar da aka gudanar da dama matakan kawo canji ta soja ma'aikata abun da ke ciki. A sakamakon wadannan ayyuka ne domin a rage girman da sojojin kusan ninki biyu. Saboda da m size na kasar da kuma na kananan har ta ƙasar iyaka da Belarus a magance da su kariya ko da mun gwada da kananan yawan sojoji da kuma rashin na halitta tsaron gida Lines.

kasa kudin

A ranar, da kudi Belarus - wannan ba kawai tsabar kudi. Biya domin dukiya da kuma ayyuka na iya zama cak na masu tafiya da kuma roba cards. A kasa kudin da aka dauke su Belarushiyanci ruble. Ya ba ya kasance a cikin category na yardar kaina canzawa, don haka da yawon bude ido da isa a kasar, ba za ka iya saya shi a gaba.

Jihar tana zuwa rike da tara irin rubutu. Wannan ratings daga 100 zuwa 200 000 rubles. Game da karfe kudin, ba su amfani ga lissafin. Belarus National Bank bayar a commemorative tsabar kudi da suke da ban sha'awa kawai don haraji.

A 07.01.2016, da shirya gudanar da denomination tare da sauyawa daga cikin halin yanzu data kasance banknotes samfurin a cikin 2000, a Belarus. da sabon bayanin kula za a bayar a cikin wurare dabam dabam. Wannan samfurin banki Notes 2009 shekara. A matsayin hanyar biyan kudi bayan wani dogon hutu da kuma za a yi wani tsabar kudin.

Modern yanayi na ci gaba

Belarus yanzu ake magana a kai a matsayin "kananan" category na kasashen da ba su da wani tasiri a kan duniya ci gaban tattalin arziki tafiyar matakai. Tabbatar da wani geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus tebur a kasa.

Duk da haka, gano wani dadi kasa a kan taswira an dauke a cikin bukatun da babban 'yan wasa na dangantakar kasa da kasa. Belarus a yau - shi ne a haɗa gada tsakanin Gabas da Yamma, Arewa da Kudu. A wannan batun, shi za a iya sanya rawar da cibiyar harka, kazalika da kai da kuma ayyukan sadarwa. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda mai wucewa kasar Belarus da hankalin biyu Rasha da kasashen yammacin Turai.

A ranar, da gaskiya daga cikin geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus ta'allaka ne a siyasa da tattalin arziki hadewa a cikin CIS tsarin (Commonwealth of Independent States). Bugu da kari, godiya ta zuwa ga m Gwargwadon wuri na babban birnin jihar - birnin Minsk - shi ne wurin ne harhada jiki na CIS. Ga masu rinjaye na kasashen na Commonwealth na Belarus - shi ne wani nau'i ne na wata taga zuwa Turai. Bugu da kari, da membobinsu na Jamhuriyar ne memba na Eurasian tattalin arzikin kasashen. Ya kunshi ma a Rasha, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan da Tajikistan da kuma.

A ranar, da geopolitical matsayi na Jamhuriyar Belarus sami ta m aikace-aikace saboda da high yawa located a kan ƙasa na kasa da kasa da sufuri da sadarwa. Saboda haka, mun gwada da kananan kashi na iyaka (350 kilomita) yana da yawan dogo (Brest da High, Berestovitsa, Svislach da Grodno) da kuma hanya crossings.

Ya kamata a ce cewa sosai daban-daban siyasa da tattalin arziki da kuma ɓangaren da na mutum yankuna na kasar. An rufe yankunan, fãce Minsk, da kan iyaka da kasashe makwabta. Bugu da kari, kowane daga cikinsu yana da wani biyu-jihar iyakoki. Kawai a Mogilev yankin m iyaka yana da kawai a kasar Rasha. Saboda haka, irin wannan dama Tsarin kayayyaki fuskantar da shi ga giciye-iyakar lambobi. Saboda haka, a yammacin yankin na kasar suna rayayye hada hannu da kamfanoni a Poland, Jamus da sauran kasashen Turai. Kuma a gabacin ake daure da karfi tattalin arziki strands na Rasha Federation.

Saboda haka, geopolitical da kuma tattalin arziki da kuma ɓangaren da na Jamhuriyar Belarus - shi ne ta fi muhimmanci hanya. Its amfani shi ne, ba tare da wani shakka, zai ba da damar da kasar zuwa wani sabon matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki. Shi ne na mai da muhimmanci ga ci gaban tattalin arziki na jihar.