Inductance: da dabara. Matakan haɓaka. Inductance na kewaye

Wanda ba karatu kimiyyar lissafi a makaranta? Ga wasu, shi ya ban sha'awa da kuma m, yayin da wasu pored kan littattafan, kokarin haddace hadaddun Concepts. Amma kowane daga cikin mu mu tuna cewa duniya ta dogara ne a kan zahirin ilmi. Yau muna magana game da Concepts kamar inductance na yanzu madauki inductance, da kuma gano abin da su ne capacitors da kuma cewa shi ne solenoid.

A lantarki kewaye da inductance

Inductance hidima don faye hali Magnetic Properties na lantarki kewaye. Yana aka bayyana a matsayin coefficient na proportionality tsakanin halin yanzu da kuma lantarki ya kwarara a cikin rufaffiyar Magnetic kewaye. Wannan halin yanzu kwarara ne generated ta hanyar da madauki surface. Wani definition furta cewa inductance na wani rangadi siga da kuma kayyade kai-shigar da EMF. Kalmar da aka yi amfani da su nuna kewaye kashi da kuma suna da halayyar kai-shigar da sakamako wanda aka bude da kuma D. Henry M. Faraday da kansa. A inductance hade da form, size da kwane-kwane darajar Magnetic permeability na kewaye yanayi. A SI raka'a, wannan darajar da aka auna a Henry, kuma aka denoted kamar yadda L.

Kuma aunawa da inductance na inductance

Kira inductance darajar, wanda shi ne rabo na Magnetic juyi sunã gudãna duk coils zuwa rangadi amperage:

• L = N x F: I.

A inductance na kewaye shi ne dogara a kan siffar, size da kwane-kwane na Magnetic Properties na matsakaici a cikin abin da aka located. Idan rufe-madauki lantarki halin yanzu gudana, akwai wani canza Magnetic filin. Wannan baya kai zuwa fitowan na EMF. A haihuwa na jawo halin yanzu a cikin rufaffiyar madauki da aka kira "kai-inductance". A cewar Lenz ta mulkin bai canza darajar da yanzu a cikin kewaye. Idan inductance aka gano, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da wani lantarki kewaye da, a cikinsu a resistor kunshe a layi daya da kuma nada tare da wani baƙin ƙarfe core. Consistently tare da su da alaka da lantarki fitilu. A wannan yanayin, da juriya na resistor ne daidaita da DC nada. A sakamakon zai zama mai haske kona fitilu. The sabon abu na kai-shigar da shi ne daya daga cikin manyan wuraren da a Electronics da lantarki aikin injiniya.

Yadda za a sami inductance

Da dabara, wanda shi ne kawai don samun darajar, da wadannan:

• L = F: I,

inda F - Magnetic juyi, I - yanzu a cikin kewaye.

Ta hanyar inductor za a iya bayyana a matsayin kai-jawo EMF:

• Karna Maiya = -L x Di: dt.

Daga dabara ƙarshe ne na lamba daidaici shigar da electromotive karfi wanda ya auku a cikin madauki a lokacin da na yanzu ikon a kan daya ammeter daya na biyu.

The m inductance ya sa ya yiwu a samu makamashi na Magnetic filin:

• W = LI ^2: 2.

"Spool na thread"

A inductor ne makaran jan waya rauni a kan wani m-akai. Amma ga rufi, sa'an nan da zabi na abu ne m - wannan ƙusa da waya rufi, da kuma masana'anta. The girma na Magnetic juyi dogara a kan square Silinda. Idan ka kara da na yanzu a nada, da Magnetic filin zai zama mafi kuma mataimakin versa.

Idan ka yi amfani da lantarki da nada, to, a can ya taso a irin ƙarfin lantarki gaban irin ƙarfin lantarki, amma shi ba zato ba tsammani vuya. Wannan irin na danniya da aka kira electromotive karfi na kai-shigar da. A lokacin energization da nada halin yanzu ƙarfi ya canjãwa da darajar daga 0 da wani adadi. A irin ƙarfin lantarki a wannan lokaci yana da darajar canji bisa ga Ohm da dokar ta:

• I = U: R,

inda na characterizes amperage, U - nuna irin ƙarfin lantarki, R - juriya na nada.

Wani Mas'ala ta nada ne da wadannan al'amari, idan ka bude da kewaye "nada - yanzu source," da EMF za a kara wa danniya. Yanzu ne ma ya fara girma, sa'an nan kuma ya fara samun koma baya. Saboda haka na farko dokar commutation, wanda ya furta cewa, yanzu a cikin inductor bai sauya ba instantaneously.

Nada za a iya raba iri biyu:

1. Tare da Magnetic tip. ferrites da na baƙin ƙarfe ayyukan matsayin zuciya abu. A tsakiya bauta ƙara da inductance.
2. Tare da wadanda ba Magnetic. Amfani a lokuta inda inductance na ba fiye da biyar MH.

A na'urorin bambanta a bayyanar da ciki tsari. Dangane da irin sigogi ne nada inductance. Da dabara a kowane hali ne daban-daban. Alal misali, inductance zai zama daidai da daya-Layer coils:

• L = 10μ0ΠN ² R ^2: 9R + 10l.

Kuma a yanzu ga multilayer wani dabara:

• L = μ0N ² R ^2: 2Π (6R + 9l + 10w).

Key binciken dangantaka da aikin coils:

1. A wani cylindrical ferrite babbar inductance ya auku a tsakiya.
2. Domin iyakar inductance dole ne a hankali rauni windings a kan spool.
3. A inductance na karami, da karami yawan jũya.
4. A toroidal core nesa tsakanin jũya daga nada ba kome.
5. A inductance darajar dogara a kan "jũya Squared."
6. Idan inductor alaka a jerin, su duka darajar ne Naira Miliyan Xari inductances.
7. Idan aka haɗa a layi daya, kana bukatar ka tabbatar da cewa inductance aka spaced a kan jirgin. In ba haka ba, su ba da shaida zai zama ba daidai bane saboda da juna rinjayar Magnetic filayen.

solenoid

A karkashin wannan ra'ayi yana nufin a cylindrical nada na waya cewa za a iya rauni a daya ko fiye yadudduka. wani Silinda tsawon ma fi diamita. Saboda irin wannan halaye a lokacin da wani wutar lantarki a solenoid rami haife Magnetic filin. A kudi na canji na Magnetic juyi gwargwado ga halin yanzu canji. A inductance na nada a wannan harka da aka lasafta kamar haka:

• DF: dt = L dl: dt.

Ko da wannan irin coils kira electromechanical actuator da retractable core. A wannan yanayin, da solenoid aka kawota tare da wani waje ferromagnetic Magnetic core - da karkiya.

A zamaninmu, da na'urar zai iya hada hydraulics da lantarki. A wannan hasashe, ɓullo hudu model:

• Na farko shi ne iya sarrafa line matsa lamba.
• Na biyu model ne daban-daban daga wasu tilasta tuƙi kulle-up kama a cikin karfin juyi Converter.
• The uku model a cikin abun da ke ciki ƙunshi matsa lamba gwamnoni, alhakin aiki motsi.
• A karo na hudu da aka sarrafawa hydraulically ko bawuloli.

A zama dole lissafi dabarbari ga

Don nemo inductance na nada, da dabara amfani da shi ne kamar haka:

• L = μ0n ² V,

inda μ0 nuna Magnetic permeability na wani wuri, n - shi ne yawan jũya, V - ƙara na solenoid.

Har ila yau, ya lissafta da nada inductance kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma, tare da taimakon wani dabara:

• L = μ0N ² S: l,

inda S - ne giciye-bangaranci yankin da kuma l - tsawon na solenoid.

Don nemo inductance na nada, wata dabara da ake amfani, wani da ya dace domin warware wannan matsala.

Aiki a kan AC da kuma DC

A halin maganaɗisu filin da aka generated ciki da nada, directed tare da axis da yake daidai:

• B = μ0nI,

inda μ0 - permeability na injin ne, n - shi ne yawan jũya, kuma Na - yanzu darajar.

Lokacin da na yanzu gudana ta hanyar da solenoid, da nada Stores makamashi wanda yake daidai da aikin dole kafa halin yanzu. Don lissafi da inductance a cikin wannan harka, da dabara amfani da shi ne kamar haka:

• E = LI ^2: 2

inda L nuna inductance darajar, da kuma E - da adana makamashi.

Kai-shigar da electromotive karfi ya auku a lokacin da na yanzu a cikin solenoid.

A cikin hali na AC aiki bayyana wani alternating Magnetic filin. Shugabanci na karfi na janye iya bambanta, kuma za ta iya zama canzawa. A farko idan ya auku a lokacin ta amfani da solenoid matsayin solenoid. Kuma na biyu, a lokacin da armature aka sanya na Magnetic abu. Solenoid alternating halin yanzu yana da impedance, wanda aka kunshe a cikin Tuddan juriya da kuma ta inductance.

Mafi na kowa yin amfani da solenoids na farko da irin (DC) - a translational karfi a matsayin actuator. A ƙarfi ya dogara da tsarin da core da harsashi. Misalai ne da yin amfani da almakashi a lokacin yankan aikin cak a tsabar kudi rajista, Motors da kuma bawuloli a na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin, makullansu da tabs. Solenoids na biyu da irin ana amfani da inductors domin shigar da dumama a Crucible Tanderu.

oscillatory haihuwarka

Mafi sauki daga cikin resonant kewaye shi ne serial oscillating kewaye, kunsha na inductor coils an hada da capacitor ta hanyar abin da wani alternating halin yanzu gudana. Don sanin inductance na nada, da dabara amfani da shi ne kamar haka:

• XL = W x L,

cikinsa XL nuna reactance nada, kuma W - madauwari mita.

Idan ka yi amfani da mai amsawa impedance na capacitor, sa'an nan da dabara zai yi kama da wannan:

Xc = 1: W x C.

Muhimmanci halaye na oscillation kewaye ne resonant mita, halayyar impedance da Q na kewaye. A farko characterizes mita inda madauki juriya yake aiki. Na biyu ya nuna yadda reactance a resonant mita tsakanin irin dabi'u a matsayin capacitance da inductance na oscillating kewaye. The uku halayyar kayyade amplitude da nisa daga amplitude-mita halaye (mita martani) na rawa da kuma nuna girma adana makamashi a cikin kewaye idan aka kwatanta da makamashi asarar da oscillation lokaci. A mita kaddarorin da art haihuwarka ake auna ta amfani da mita martani. A wannan yanayin, da kewaye a matsayin wani quadripole. Lokacin da image darajar ne jadawalai ƙarfin lantarki madauki riba (K). Wannan darajar nuna rabo na fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki don shigar. Domin haihuwarka cewa ba sun hada da makamashi kafofin kuma daban-daban ƙarfafa abubuwa, da coefficient darajar ne mafi girma daga hadin kai. Yana o ƙarin kome a lokacin da a mitoci daban-daban daga rawa kewaye yana da babban juriya darajar. Idan m juriya darajar, da coefficient ne kusa da hadin kai.

A wani layi daya resonant kewaye hada biyu jet memba tare da daban-daban da karfi reactivity. A amfani da irin wannan rangadi yakan haifar da ilimi da cewa a layi daya kewaye abubuwa wajibi ne don ƙara kawai su watsin, amma ba juriya. A resonant mita, na] aukacin watsin da kewaye ne ya daidaita da sifili, na nuna cewa da rashin iyaka manyan AC juriya. Domin a kewaye a wanda ya hada da layi daya capacitance (C), da juriya (R) da kuma inductance, da dabara cewa haɗa kan bangaskiya su da inganci factor (Q), kamar haka:

• Q = R√C: L.

A aiki, da layi daya kewaye a daya lokaci na oscillation ya auku sau biyu, da samar da makamashi musayar tsakanin condenser da nada. A wannan yanayin, madauki halin yanzu, wanda shi ne da yawa mafi girma fiye da na yanzu darajar a waje kewaye.

capacitor aiki

The na'urar ne wani biyu-iyakacin duniya low watsin da kuma tare da wani m ko m capacitance darajar. Lokacin da capacitor ba a caje, ta jure ne kusa da sifili, in ba haka ba shi ne daidai rashin iyaka. Idan ikon source aka cire ta daga cikin kashi, ya zama cewa tushen zuwa ta sallama. Amfani capacitor a Electronics ne rawar da tacewa cewa cire amo. The na'urar a ikon kayayyaki ga ikon haihuwarka ana amfani da su ciyar da tsarin da manyan lodi. Wannan dogara ne a kan wani kashi na ikon hawa a m bangaren, amma yanzu m. A mafi girma da mita bangaren, da kasa da juriya na capacitor. A sakamakon haka, da condenser matsattse duk hayaniyar da ke a saman DC.

Resistance kashi dogara a kan capacitance. Domin wannan dalili, shi ne mai hikima to saka da capacitors tare da daban-daban girma karba dukan amo. Saboda da ikon da na'urar auku kai tsaye halin yanzu kawai a lokacin caji da lokaci na ta yin amfani da wani kashi a cikin wani janareta ko a matsayin bugun jini da kullum naúrar.

Capacitors zo a da yawa iri. Yafi amfani da rarrabuwa na dielectric type, tun da wannan siga kayyade kwanciyar hankali na capacitance, rufi juriya da kuma sauransu. Amfaninsa a wannan girma ne kamar haka:

1. Capacitors da gaseous dielectric.
2. Injin.
3. Tare da ruwa dielectric.
4. Tare da daskararrun inorganic dielectric.
5. Tare da m kwayoyin dielectric.
6. M.
7. Electrolytic.

Akwai rarrabuwa capacitors makõma (shared ko kwazo), da yanayi na kariya da waje dalilai (kare da kuma unprotected, ya zama ruwan dare da kuma wadanda ba ware, cushe, kuma Ya sanya hãtimi) dabara kafuwa (coupler, bugu, surface, tare da fin dunƙule, mai karye fil ). da na'urar kuma za a iya bambanta da da ikon canja iya aiki:

1. Capacitors, gyarawa, cewa shi ne, da damar da yake ko da yaushe akai.
2. Trimmer. Suna da damar bai sauya ba a lokacin aiki na kayan aiki, amma shi za a iya gyara sau daya, ko kuma lokaci zuwa lokaci.
3. Canji. Yana capacitors cewa ba da damar a cikin aiki da kayan aiki canza iyãwarsa.

Inductor da capacitor

Conductive abubuwa na na'urar ne iya samar da kansa inductance. Wannan tsarin sassa kamar masonry, da a haɗa bas, mai tara tashoshi da kuma fis din. Za ka iya ƙirƙirar ƙarin capacitor inductance ta haɗa bas. kewaye aiki yanayin dogara a kan inductance, capacitance da kuma juriya. A dabara domin kirga da inductance cewa faruwa a lokacin da gabatowa da resonant mita, da wadannan:

• Ce = C: (1 - 4Π ² f ² LC),

inda Ce kayyade tasiri capacitance, C nuna ainihin capacitance, f - ne mita, L - inductance.

A inductance darajar dole ne ko da yaushe a yi la'akari lokacin yin aiki tare da ikon capacitors. Domin bugun jini capacitors kai-inductance darajar da mafi muhimmanci. Su sallama dama a kan shigar da madauki, kuma yana da iri biyu - aperiodic da oscillatory.

Inductance a condenser shi ne dogara a kan mahadi kewaye abubuwa a cikinta. Alal misali, a cikin layi daya dangane sassan da hula, wannan darajar ne Naira Miliyan Xari da inductances na kunshin babban busbar da kuma karshe. Don samun irin wannan inductance, da dabara ne kamar haka:

• Lk = LP + LM + LB,

inda Lk nuna inductance na'ura, da LP -Package, LM - babban bas da LB - gubar inductance.

Idan layi daya dangane da halin yanzu bas dabam tare da tsawon, sa'an nan da m inductance aka bayyana a matsayin:

• Lk = LC: n + μ0 l x d: (3B) + LB,

inda l - tsawon na tayoyin, b - da nisa da d - da nisa tsakanin tayoyin.

Don rage inductance na na'urar dole ne rayuwa sassa condenser sa saboda haka su yi yardatayya da cika Magnetic filin. A wasu kalmomin, da live sassa da wannan halin yanzu motsi kamata a cire daga juna kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda zai yiwu, da kuma kawo tare da gaban shugabanci. A lokacin da hada da haraji tare da ragewa dielectric kauri iya rage inductance sashe. Wannan za a iya cimma ko da ta rarraba daya sashe tare da babban adadin zuwa wani ɗan more m ganga.