Ƙarshen endoplasmic reticulum: tsari da aiki

Endoplasmic reticulum - wani m organelle na eukaryotic Kwayoyin. An samu a cikin sel na shuke-shuke, da dabbobi da mutane. The aiki na wannan bangaren na cell ne bambance bambancen da ake yafi hade da kira, canji da kuma sufuri na Organic mahadi.

A karo na farko da aka gano rubutun endoplasmic a 1945. Masanin kimiyya na Amurka K. Porter ya gan shi tare da taimakon daya daga cikin na farko na microscopes na lantarki. Tun daga wannan lokacin, bincikenta ya fara.

A cikin tantanin halitta akwai nau'i biyu na wannan tsarin:

• Gilashi, ko tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin (wanda aka rufe da yawan ribosomes).
• Agranular, ko m endoplasmic reticulum.

Kowane nau'i na reticulum yana da wasu siffofi kuma yayi ayyuka daban-daban. Bari mu dubi su a cikin daki-daki.

Granular endoplasmic reticulum: tsarin. Wannan tsarin shine tsarin tsafi, vesicles da tubules. Its ganuwar sun ƙunshi wani membrane bilipid. Nisa daga cikin ramin zai iya bambanta daga 20 nm zuwa wasu micrometers - a nan duk abin dogara ne akan ayyukan sirri na tantanin halitta.

A cikin 'yan ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke da ƙananan ƙarfin metabolism, EPS ne kawai ke wakilta ne kawai da wasu ƙananan ruwa na warwatse. A cikin tantanin tantanin halitta, wadda ke tattare da sinadarin gina jiki, tsinkar endoplasmic yana kunshe da maɓuɓɓugar rijiyoyi da kuma tsarin tubula.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, EPS na kasuwa ta hanyar tubules an haɗa shi da membranes na envelope na nukiliya - wannan shine yadda matakai masu rikitarwa da kira na kwayoyin sunadaran sun faru.

Granular endoplasmic reticulum: da ayyuka. Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, dukan surface da XPS cytoplasm rufe ribosomes, wanda aka sani da suna a hannu a gina jiki kira. EPS ne wuri don kira da kuma sufuri na mahadar gina jiki.

Wannan organelle da alhakin kira na cytoplasmic membrane na game da sunadarai. Amma a mafi yawan lokuta ta hanyar kara gina jiki via membrane vesicles suna hawa zuwa Golgi inji, inda su ne kara gyara da kuma rarraba bukatun da Kwayoyin, bi da bi, da kuma kyallen takarda.

Bugu da ƙari, wasu canje-canje a cikin sunadaran suna faruwa a cikin cavities na EPS, alal misali, ƙarin sashi na carbohydrate zuwa gare shi. A nan, ta hanyar hada baki, an kafa manyan granules masu asiri.

Smooth endoplasmic cibiyar sadarwa: sifa da aiki. Tsarin tsarin EPS mai laushi yana da wasu bambance-bambance. Alal misali, irin wannan motar tana kunshe kawai da rijiyoyin kuma ba shi da tsarin tubules. Ƙungiyoyin irin wannan EPS, a matsayin mai mulki, su ne ƙananan, amma nisa na tanki, a akasin wannan, ya fi girma.

Tsarin tsaka-tsakin sifa mai ƙyama bai danganta da haɗin sunadaran gina jiki ba, amma yana yin adadin ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Alal misali, a nan ne wani kira na steroid hormones a cikin mutane, kuma duk vertabrate. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ƙarar yaduwa mai santsi a cikin jikin kwayoyin halitta yana da yawa.

A cikin ƙwayoyin hanta EPS suna sa enzymes da suka dace, wanda ke cikin motar carbohydrate metabolism, wato a cikin raunin glycogen. An kuma sani cewa kwayoyin hanta suna da alhakin detoxification na toxins. A cikin tankuna na wannan kwayar halitta, an haɗa wani abu na hydrophilic, wanda ya haɗa da kwayar mai guba, yana kara yawan ƙarancinsa cikin jini da fitsari. Abin sha'awa shine, a cikin hepatocytes, wadanda suke da saukin saukowa zuwa gubobi (poisons, barasa), kusan dukkanin tantanin halitta ana shagaltar da su na jiragen ruwa mai santsi na EPS.

A cikin kwayoyin halitta akwai nau'i na musamman na sassaucin EPS - sarcoplasmic reticulum. Yana aiki a matsayin gurbin calcium, ta haka yana tsara tsarin tafiyarwa da sauran tantanin halitta.

Kamar yadda ake gani, ayyukan EPS sun bambanta kuma suna da mahimmanci ga aiki na al'ada mai kyau.